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Muhamad Abdul Gofur
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Wildan
Published by Sekolah Tinggi Agama Islam Bani Saleh
ISSN : 29623456     EISSN : 29617987     DOI : -
Core Subject : Education,
Education Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Mathematics Other
Wildan publishes research articles, case reports and review articles. Publications on Wildan cover the following topics: Early Childhood Education. Basic education Mathematics and Science Education. Guidance and Counseling Education. Education technology. Character building. Special Needs Education. Global Issues in Education. Technical and Vocational Education. Language and Literature Education. Social Sciences Education. Education Management. Sports Science and Physical Education. Learning Models and Strategi
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Sosial - Pendidikan
Articles 51 Documents
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'Uqūbāt (Punishment) and Child Protection: Reconciling Hadith, Fiqh, and Modern Pedagogy Muhamad Abdul Gofur
Wildan: Jurnal Pendidikan dan Pengajaran - STAI Bani Saleh Vol. 5 No. 2 (2026): Wildan: Jurnal Pendidikan dan Pembelajaran
Publisher : STAI Bani Saleh Bekasi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.54125/wildan.v5i2.142

Abstract

This study aims to conceptualize the reconstruction of the boundaries of ‘uqūbāt (punishment) based on the framework of maqāṣid al-syarī‘ah within Islamic primary education institutions, serving as a resolution to the legal antinomy between the literalism of classical jurisprudence and child protection regulations in Indonesia (Law No. 35/2014). Utilizing a qualitative-descriptive library research design, this study employs a normative-Sharia legal approach alongside a comparative analysis across the four major schools of thought (Hanafi, Maliki, Syafi‘i, and Hanbali). A hermeneutical analysis of the disciplinary Hadith corpus confirms that the dispensation for physical action against ten-year-old children strictly functions as an educational instrument (ta’dīb) rather than a retributive measure (intiqām). Despite technical-quantitative differences among these madhhabs, an absolute consensus (ijmā‘) exists regarding the total prohibition of harmful striking (ḍarb mubriḥ) and any physical contact directed at the child's face, head, and vital organs. Furthermore, positioning the age of five as a pre-tamyīz baseline confirms that the developmental gradations in Islamic law are progressive and linear with the "five-to-seven year shift" phenomenon in modern developmental psychology. This study concludes that there is an urgent need to transform the operational boundaries of sanctions in Islamic elementary schools (SD/MI) toward a positive-restorative discipline paradigm—a framework that positions the principle of the best interest of the child (maṣlaḥah al-ṭifl) as the supreme legal maxim to satisfy the foundational tenets of protecting life (ḥifẓ al-nafs) and intellect (ḥifẓ al-‘aql). Practically, this study recommends the formulation of an applicable Student Discipline Code of Ethics for educators as an operational guideline to enforce child-friendly discipline while preventively mitigating the risk of teacher criminalization.

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