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Creating New Forest Governance Structure for the 12.7 Million-Promise Ahmad Maryudi
Jurnal Ilmu Kehutanan Vol 11, No 1 (2017)
Publisher : Fakultas Kehutanan Universitas Gadjah Mada

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In the National Mid-Term Development Plan for2014-2019, the Government of Indonesia has an ambitious plan to allocate 12.7 million ha of state forests for local communities and indigenous peoples through social forestry projects. Recently, President Joko Widodo has taken a strong step toward fulfilling the promise by handing of 13,000 ha to nine customary communities. He underlined that it is a beginning of the big thing. The policy is a strong political will; it is the first time that customary land rights are legally recognized. Over the years, uses of forest resources by local people were prevented (Maryudi 2011; Maryudi &Krott 2012a). Webb (2008: 26) argues that in many economically-developing countries, traditional forest uses are often labelled as illegal since the governments favour corporate-based/ industries forestry as development strategies. The policy breakthrough is a result of long struggles to main streaming social forestry, nearly 50 years after Jack Westoby’s anthropocentric views regarding forestry and forest management. Before his death, Westoby stated: “a clear forest policy is one condition of a truly social forestry...all forestry should be social”. His thinking seemed to repudiate the idea of forest-based industrial development (Leslie 1989). As he claimed, the enormous expansion in the utilisation of the tropical forests had limitedly done for the people that continued to live in chronic poverty. At the same time, the application of the industrial forestry in the developing world led to environmental crisis of rapid forest destruction (Westoby 1969). Westoby’s address to the 1978’s World Forestry Congress further inspired forest policy makers across the globe, including in Indonesia, to formulate strategies that can tackle both problem in one single package of forest problem (Maryudi et al. 2012). We have since witnessed experiments and pilot projects translating the alternative thinking on the ground,also as manifestation of decentralization anddevolution policy (Sahide et al. 2016a). In Indonesia,however, social forestry is often understood as only involvement of local people in forest management that generate subsistent livehood (Maryudi & Krott2012b). Numerous pilot projects and programs failed to address the central issue of power relations and decision-making authority (Maryudi 2014; Sahide etal. 2016b). In most cases, external actors remain powerful in shaping the programs; they try to skew the outcomes of decision-making processes in their direction (Schusser et al. 2015; Schusser et al. 2016;Mery et al. 2010). Local communities, who are supposedly the core actors, remain peripheral; social forestry has yet to produce the intended outcomes as a result.What does that mean in relation to the new promise by the Indonesian government to rural communities? Rights and access are two central keywords for social forestry. There might be arguments that in social forestry programs in Indonesia, local people have been granted with different types of rights so that they can benefit from the forest resources. Such is not always the case. Quite often, local communities are not able to benefit from the forests despite being given the rights (see Maryudi2014). As such, conflicts persist even in forests where social forestry is implemented (see Maryudi et al.2015). Ribot and Peluso (2003) distinguish access from property. To them, access is defined as “a bundle ofpower” whereas property is defined as “a bundle ofrights”.The new policy clearly needs new approach so that we do not repeat the same mistakes and consequences. New forest governance structure is needed. Local communities should have explicit mandate and legal authority(Krogman & Beckley2002) and power “to influence decisions regarding management of forests, including the rules of access and the disposition of products” (McDermott &Schrekenberg 2009:158). Thus, genuine social forestry entails the following characteristics (Charnley & Poe2007: 1) the degree of responsibility and authority for forest management is formally vested by the state to the local communities, 2) a central objective of forest management is to provide local communities with social and economic benefits from the forest, and 3)ecollogically sustainable forest use is a central management goal, with forest communities taking some responsibility for maintaining and restoring forest health.

Potensi Konflik Penggembalaan Kuda pada Habitat Rusa Timor (Rusa timorensis Blainville 1822) di Kawasan Tanjung Torong Padang, Nusa Tenggara Timur Kayat Kayat; Satyawan Pudyatmoko; Muchammad Maksum; Muhammad Ali Imron
Jurnal Ilmu Kehutanan Vol 11, No 1 (2017)
Publisher : Fakultas Kehutanan Universitas Gadjah Mada

Penggembalaan ternak telah diyakini memengaruhi keberadaan satwa liar, termasuk rusa timor (Rusa timorensis Blainville 1822) melalui kompetisi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah penggembalaan lepas ternak kuda yang dimiliki oleh masyarakat lokal di kawasan Tanjung Torong Padang, Nusa Tenggara Timur menjadi pesaing bagi rusa timor. Observasi lapangan dan wawancara dengan pemilik kuda dilakukan untuk menentukan distribusi kuda di habitat rusa timor. Preferensi pakan dari ternak kuda dan rusa timor dikumpulkan menggunakan identifikasi spesies dari kotoran dan dibandingkan dengan plot berukuran 1 x 1 m2 di daerah makan dari kedua hewan tersebut selama musim kering dan hujan pada 2014 dan 2015. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tidak ada indikasi yang jelas dari persaingan antara rusa timor dan penggembalaan liar kuda di kawasan Tanjung Torong Padang. Rusa timor dan kuda tidak terjadi tumpang tindih spasial dalam distribusi mereka di lokasi tersebut. Ternak kuda menempati savana perbukitan, sedangkan rusa lebih suka menempati savana dengan pohon rengit (Albizia lebbeck (L.) Benth) dan lembah dengan vegetasi hutan tropis kering. Selain itu, rusa timor lebih menyukai makan semak dan dedaunan (browser), sementara kuda lebih menyukai rumput (grazer). Kehadiran ternak lepas kuda di kawasan Tanjung Torong Padang tidak berpengaruh negatif untuk rusa timor dan habitatnyaConflict Potential of Free-Roaming Horse Grazing on Timor Deer (Rusa timorensis Blainville 1822) Habitat in Torong Padang Cape Area, East Nusa TenggaraAbstractLivestock grazing had been believed to affect on the existence of wildlife, including the timor deer (Rusa timorensis Blainville 1822) through competition. This study aimed to determine whether the free-roaming horse grazing owned by local communities in Torong Padang Cape, East Nusa Tenggara become a competitor for timor deer. Field observations and interviews with horse owners were carried out to determine the distribution of horse in timor deer habitat. Food preference of both horse and timor deer were collected using species identification from feces and compared with 1 x 1 m2 plots at feeding areas of both animals during the dry and rainy seasons in 2014 and 2015. There is no clear indication of competition between timor deer and free-roaming horses in the Torong Padang Cape area.The deer and horse avoided overlapping spatially in their distribution in the Cape. The free-roaming horse mainly occupied hilly savanna, whereas timor deer preferred to occupy savanna with lebbek tree (Albizia lebbeck (L.) Benth) and valleys with tropical dry forest vegetation. In addition, the timor deer prefer to feed shrubs and foliage (browser), while horses prefer grass (grazer). The presence of free-roaming horse in the Torong Padang Capearea does not affect negatively for the timor deer and its habitat.

Estimasi Stok dan Serapan Karbon pada Mangrove di Sungai Tallo, Makassar Rahman Rahman; Hefni Effendi; Iman Rusmana
Jurnal Ilmu Kehutanan Vol 11, No 1 (2017)
Publisher : Fakultas Kehutanan Universitas Gadjah Mada

Ekosistem mangrove memiliki kemampuan menyerap CO2 lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan vegetasi tumbuhan lainnya. Namun upaya pengelolaannya sebagai kawasan penyimpan stok karbon masih belum maksimal. Kota Makassar memiliki Sungai Tallo yang sepanjang bantarannya ditumbuhi oleh vegetasi mangrove dan sangat potensial untuk dikelola sebagai ruang terbuka hijau. Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan bahwa Sungai Tallo terletak tepat di tengah kota Makassar dan sepanjang bantaran sungai didominasi oleh spesies Nypa fruticans dengan jumlah 18.514 pohon dan kerapatan 4.256 pohon/ha, menyimpan karbon sebesar 21,82 ton C/ha, menyerap 80,02 ton CO2/ha. Spesies dominan kedua adalah Rhizophora mucronata dengan jumlah 8.492 pohon dan kerapatan 2.352 pohon/ha, menyimpan karbon sebesar 19,94 ton C/ha, menyerap 73,13 ton CO2/ha. Spesies dominan ketiga yaitu Avicennia alba dengan jumlah 2.421 pohon dan kerapatan 3.228 pohon/ha, menyimpan karbon sebesar 53,96 ton C/ha, menyerap 197,87 ton CO2/ha. Nilai kerapatan dan kemampuan serapan mangrove tersebut sangat sesuai untuk dikelola pada ruang terbuka hijau penyuplai udara segar dan penyerap CO2.Stock Estimation and Carbon Absorption of Mangrove in Tallo River, MakassarAbstractThe mangrove ecosystem has a higher ability of CO2 absorption than other vegetations. However, the effort to establish the mangrove to be a carbon stock area has not been achieved. Makassar has Tallo River, covered with mangrove vegetation along its riverbank, which is potent to be managed as a green open space. The observations indicated that Tallo River was located in the center part of Makassar city and was dominated by Nypa fruticans along the riverbanks in 18,514 trees and a density of 4,256 trees/ha, stored carbon of 21.82 tons C/ha, and absorbs 80.02 tons CO2/ha. Rhizophora mucronata was the second dominant species in 8.492 trees and density of 2,352 trees/ha, stored carbon of 19.94 tons C/ha, and absorbs 73.13 tons CO2/ha. The third dominant species was Avicennia alba in 2,421 trees and density of 3,228 trees/ha, stored carbon of 263.85 tons C/ha, and absorbs 197.89 tons CO2/ha. The density and ability to absorb values of the mangrove is highly suitable to be managed for a green open space to supply fresh air and CO2.

Penggunaan Principal Component Analysis dalam Distribusi Spasial Vegetasi Mangrove di Pantai Utara Pemalang Erny Poedjirahajoe; Djoko Marsono; Frita Kusuma Wardhani
Jurnal Ilmu Kehutanan Vol 11, No 1 (2017)
Publisher : Fakultas Kehutanan Universitas Gadjah Mada

Habitat sangat memengaruhi komposisi penyusun ekosistem mangrove. Perubahan kualitas habitat secara kompleks dapat mengakibatkan pergeseran jenis tanaman penyusunnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pola distribusi spasial vegetasi mangrove berdasarkan karakteristik habitat di kawasan rehabilitasi mangrove Pemalang. Metode yang digunakan adalah kombinasi antara metode jalur dan petak contoh. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan sebaran spasial faktor habitat mangrove pada setiap stasiun pengamatan membentuk tiga cluster dengan karakteristik yang berbeda. Cluster 1 dicirikan pH, oksigen terlarut, dan suhu yang rendah, ketebalan lumpur dan salinitas yang tinggi. Cluster 2 oleh kandungan oksigen terlarut, salinitas, dan tebal lumpur yang rendah, serta suhu dan pH yang tinggi. Cluster 3 dengan pH, salinitas, dan tebal lumpur yang rendah serta kandungan oksigen terlarut yang tinggi dan suhu yang sedang. Sebaran spasial jenis mangrove berdasarkan karakteristik faktor habitat dapat membentuk tiga cluster. Cluster 1 terdiri dari Rhizophora mucronata Lam. dan Sonneratia alba Sm. dengan karakteristik habitat berupa suhu yang sedang dan oksigen terlarut yang tinggi. Cluster 2 terdiri dari Acanthus ilicifolius L., Avicennia alba Blume, dan R. apiculata Blume dengan karakteristik habitat berupa tebal lumpur, pH, oksigen terlarut, dan salinitas yang sedang. Cluster 3 dengan jenis Avicennia marina (Forsk.) Vierh. dengan karakteristik habitat berupa pH, salinitas, suhu, dan tebal lumpur yang tinggi.Usage of Principal Component Analysis in the Spatial Distribution of Mangrove Vegetation in North Coast of PemalangAbstractHabitat factors greatly affect the composition of the mangrove ecosystem. Changes in habitat quality may result on a shift of the type of plant mangrove ecosystem composition. This study aimed to determine the spatial distribution patterns of mangrove vegetation based on the characteristics of the habitat in the mangrove area in Pemalang District. The method used for data collection was the combination of transect method and plot sampling. The results showed that the spatial distribution of mangrove habitat factors at each observation station formed three clusters with different characteristics. Cluster 1 was characterized by low levels of pH, dissolved oxygen, and temperatures, as well as high values of mud thickness, and salinity. Cluster 2 was characterized by the low amount of dissolved oxygen, salinity, and mud thickness and high levels of temperature and pH. Cluster 3 was characterized by low values of pH, salinity, and mud thickness but high amount of dissolved oxygen and mild temperatures. The spatial distribution of mangrove species based on the characteristics of the habitat factors formed three clusters. Cluster 1 were Rhizophora mucronata Lam. and Sonneratia alba Sm. species as the habitat characteristics were mild temperatures and high amount of dissolved oxygen. Cluster 2 were Acanthus ilicifolius L., Avicennia alba Blume, and Rhizophora apiculata Blume with habitat characteristics were moderate levels of mud thickness, pH, dissolved oxygen and salinity. Cluster 3 was Avicennia marina (Forsk.) Vierh. as its habitat characteristics were high values of pH, salinity, temperature, and mud thickness.

Optimalisasi Pembagian Batang (Bucking Policy) Kayu Bulat Jati dalam Rangka Meningkatkan Pendapatan KPH Madiun Wahyu Andayani; Ris Hadi Purwanto; Slamet Riyanto
Jurnal Ilmu Kehutanan Vol 11, No 1 (2017)
Publisher : Fakultas Kehutanan Universitas Gadjah Mada

Pendapatan KPH Madiun akan naik jika metode pembagian batang optimal diimplementasikan, sesuai dengan teori optimalisasi. Hal tersebut karena lebih dari 50% kontribusi pendapatan KPH Madiun Perum Perhutani Unit II Jawa Timur sampai saat ini berasal dari penjualan kayu jati. Produk yang dijual meliputi berbagai sortimen yang ditetapkan dengan kebijakan pembagian batang sesuai “Petunjuk Pelaksanaan Pembagian Batang Kayu Bundar Jati Tahun 2006”. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menerapkan metode pembagian batang optimal dengan menggunakan teori program linier. Hasil penelitian menemukan bahwa, terdapat 96 alternatif cara pembagian batang dari 6 kelas diameter, dan 16 sortimen terdiri dari : vinir, hara, kayu bahan parket (KBP) untuk kebutuhan industri lokal. Kesimpulan penelitian adalah : pendapatan KPH Madiun meningkat sebesar Rp. 4.599.460/m3, atau sebesar Rp. 8.921.623/pohon, sedangkan realisasi pendapatan usaha yang diperoleh saat ini adalah sebesar Rp. 3.701.503/m3 atau sebesar Rp. 7.179.847/pohon. Dengan demikian jika metode optimalisasi diterapkan nilai ekonomi per pohon akan naik sebesar 24,26% atau setara dengan volume sebesar 1,94 m3.Bucking Policy Optimization of Teak Log to Increase the Revenue of KPH Madiun. AbstractThe revenue of KPH Madiun could have been effectively increased through improvement in its bucking policy implementation. Such implementation had been formulated in this research using optimization theory to generate the maximum total economic values of log assortments cut from felled trees. As teakwood production had been the core business, contributing more than 50 % of the revenue, KPH Madiun Perum Perhutani Unit II East Java had been choosen as the object and location of this research. The research found and analized 96 alternatives of bucking policy implementations, derived from 6 possible diameter classes, and 16 possible assortment quality classes. The log assortment was identified by its diameter, length, and quality, as raw materials of veneer, parquet, and local industry. Through optimization process, the optimum bucking policy could potentially increase revenue of KPH Madiun to the maximum of IDR 4,599,460 per m3, or IDR 8,921,623 per tree of 1.94 m3 average. Comparing to existing revenue of IDR 3,701,503 per m3, or IDR 7,179,847 per tree of the same average, which has been based on the formal bucking policy guidance of um Perhutani Unit II (2006), it could be a significant potential increase of 24.26 % or equal to 1.94 m3.

Hidrolisis Media Sisa Budidaya Jamur Kuping Menggunakan Tiga Jenis Enzim Selulase Denny Irawati
Jurnal Ilmu Kehutanan Vol 11, No 1 (2017)
Publisher : Fakultas Kehutanan Universitas Gadjah Mada

Jamur kuping (Auricularia polytricha) termasuk dalam kelas Basidiomycetes yang banyak dibudidayakan di Indonesia. Setelah 6-8 bulan masa pembudidayaan media budidaya jamur kuping harus diperbaharui. Sejauh ini media sisa budidaya jamur kuping belum dimanfaatkan dengan baik, bahkan limbah tersebut hanya dibuang begitu saja sebagai limbah. Hal ini sangat berbahaya karena sisa miselia yang terdapat di dalam media sisa dapat mendegradasi lebih lanjut media dan mengakibatkan pencemaran lingkungan yaitu terlepasnya gas metana ke udara. Oleh karena itu pemanfaatan sisa media budidaya kuping perlu dilakukan antara lain untuk memproduksi gula pereduksi dengan menggunakan berbagai jenis enzim selulase. Penelitian ini menggunakan media sisa budidaya jamur kuping yang berasal dari 3 jenis kayu, yaitu sengon (Falcataria moluccana), jati (Tectona grandis), dan meranti (Shorea sp.), yang dihidrolisis menggunakan 3 jenis enzim selulase yaitu Driselase, Cellulase “Onozuka” R-10, dan Meicelase. Setelah hidrolisis, kemudian diukur laju hidrolisisnya dan dianalisis kadar gula pereduksinya. Rancangan yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak lengkap dengan aras 3 x 3 serta ulangan sebanyak 3 untuk setiap perlakuan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa media sisa budidaya jamur kuping memiliki potensi sebagai bahan baku gula pereduksi yang selanjutnya dapat difermentasi menjadi bio-etanol atau bahan kimia lainnya. Laju hidrolisis berkisar antara 1,43-21,29%, dengan kombinasi tertinggi yaitu media sisa budidaya yang terbuat dari serbuk kayu meranti dengan menggunakan enzim Meicelase. Kadar dan rendemen gula pereduksi tertinggi juga dihasilkan dari kombinasi perlakuan yang sama, yaitu berturut-turut sebesar 127,7 mg/g dan 12,8% dengan kisaran hasil antara 56,01-127,7 mg/g atau rendemen 5,6-12,8%.The Hydrolysis of Ear-Mushroom Cultivation Media Residue by Using Three Kinds of Cellulase EnzymesAbstractEar mushrooms (Auricularia polytricha) belongs to class Basidiomycetes is widely cultivated in Indonesia. After 6-8 months of cultivation, the media should be renewed. Therefore, the rest of the media is under utilized and just thrown away as a waste. This is dangerous because the residual mycelia that contained in the rest of the media may further degrade the media. This pollutes the environmental pollution due to discharge of methane into the air. Therefore, the utilization of residual ear mushroom media needs to be processed. In fact, this residue can produce a reducing-sugar using various commercial cellulase enzymes. This study used the residual media of the cultivation of mushroom derived from three types of wood, i.e. sengon (Falcataria moluccana), teak (Tectona grandis), and meranti (Shorea sp.), and then they were hydrolyzed using three types of cellulase enzymes, i.e. Driselase, Cellulase “Onozuka” R-10, and Meicelase. The hydrolysis rate was measured and the reducing-sugar yield was analyzed. The design used was completely randomized design with 3 x 3 factors and 3 replications for each treatment. The results showed that the residue of the mushroom cultivation media has the potential of reducing sugar as a raw material which can then be fermented into bio-ethanol or other chemicals. Hydrolysis rate ranged from 1.43 to 21.29%. The highest combination of residual cultivation medium was made from meranti sawdust by using Meicelase enzyme. The highest reducing sugar content yield were also resulted from the combination of the same treatment, which amounted to 127.7 mg/g or 12.8% with output range between 56.0 and 127.7 mg/g (or yield 5.6-12.8%).

Studi Mutu Kayu Jati di Hutan Rakyat Gunungkidul. VI. Kadar Zat Anorganik dan Keasaman Ganis Lukmandaru; Rudy Nur Hidayah
Jurnal Ilmu Kehutanan Vol 11, No 1 (2017)
Publisher : Fakultas Kehutanan Universitas Gadjah Mada

Zat anorganik dan keasaman telah terbukti dalam mempengaruhi sifat-sifat kayu. Paper-paper sebelumnya dalam seri ini telah membahas sifat fisik dan kimia kayu jati dari hutan rakyat. Untuk itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi kadar zat anorganik dan keasaman kayu jati dari hutan rakyat Gunungkidul di 3 tempat tumbuh dengan zona ekologis berbeda (Panggang, Playen, Nglipar). Parameter yang diteliti adalah nilai pH, kadar abu (ASTM D-1102), kadar silika dan silikat (SNI 14-1031-1989), dan kadar unsur zat anorganik (Ca, Mg, K, Na, Fe, Mn, dan Cu) melalui Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. Kisaran kadar abu serta kadar silika dan silikat secara berurutan adalah 0,38-2,62%, dan 0,01-1,17%. Kisaran nilai kadar zat anorganik Ca, K, Mg, Na, dan Fe adalah 408–2919 ppm; 69-23705 ppm; 947-1653 ppm; 4-31 ppm; dan 0-326 ppm, secara berturutan sedangkan Mn dan Cu tidak terdeteksi di semua sampel. Selanjutnya, kisaran nilai pH yang diperoleh sebesar 5,23 – 6,98. Berdasarkan analisis variansi, kadar abu, silika-silikat, dan Na dipengaruhi oleh faktor tempat tumbuh dan arah radial pohon (gubal, teras luar, dan teras dalam). Kayu dari Playen (zona tengah/Ledok Wonosari) menunjukkan nilai yang cukup tinggi untuk kadar abu dan silika-silikat. Faktor arah radial pohon berpengaruh nyata pada unsur Ca, K, dan Mg melalui uji Kruskal-Wallis. Dari analisis korelasi Pearson, didapatkan hubungan kuat antara kadar abu dengan kadar silika-silkat (r = 0,77-0,88) serta kadar abu-Ca (r=-0,51) dan kadar abu-Mg (r=0,59) di bagian teras. Dalam tingkat unsur, hubungan terkuat diamati pada kadar Ca-Mg (r = -0,46). Perhatian khusus perlu diberikan pada kadar silika-silkat yang relatif tinggi di sampel yang diamati karena pengaruhnya terhadap penumpulan peralatan gergaji.Study of Teakwood Quality from Community Forests in Gunungkidul. VI. Inorganic Material Contents and AcidityAbstractInorganic materials and acidity in the wood has been proved to affect the wood properties. The previous paper in this series reported on the physical and chemical properties of teak wood from community forests. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the content of inorganic materials and acidity of teak wood grown in the 3 sites (Panggang, Playen, Nglipar) with different ecological attributes from community forests in Gunungkidul. The evaluated parameters were pH values, the contents of ash (ASTM D-1102), silica and silicates (SNI 14-1031-1989), and inorganic matters (Ca, Mg, K, Na, Fe, Mn, and Cu) by means of Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. The ranges of ash and silica-silicates content were 0.38-2.62%, and 0.01-1.17%, respectively. The ranges of inorganic element content for Ca, K, Mg, Na, and Fe were 408–2919 ppm; 69 – 23705 ppm; 947–1653 ppm; 4 – 31 ppm; and 0 – 326 ppm, respectively whereas Mn and Cu were not detected in any samples. Further, the obtained pH values range was 5.23–6.98. On the basis of analysis of variance, the contents of ash, silica-silicates, and Na were affected significantly by site and radial direction (sapwood, outer heartwood, and inner heartwood) factors. The woods from Playen (middle zone/Ledok Wonosari) had significantly high in ash and silica-silicate contents. By Kruskal-Wallis test, radial direction factor affected significantly the levels of Ca, K, and Mg. As defined by Pearson’s correlation analysis, it was found a strong correlation between the ash and silica-silicates contents (r=0.77-0.88), as well as between the ash-Ca content (r=-0.51) and the ash-Mg content (r=0.59) in the heartwood part. In the inorganic element levels, the strongest correlation was measured between Ca-Mg content (r=-0.46). Special attention should be given to the comparatively high amounts of the silica-silicates content in the observed samples as it would dull cutting tools considerably.

Serapan Logam Berat oleh Fungi Mikoriza Arbuskula Lokal pada Nauclea orientalis L. dan Potensial untuk Fitoremediasi Tanah Serpentine Faisal Danu Tuheteru; Asrianti Arif; Eka Widiastuti; Ninis Rahmawati
Jurnal Ilmu Kehutanan Vol 11, No 1 (2017)
Publisher : Fakultas Kehutanan Universitas Gadjah Mada

Pengaruh fungi mikoriza arbuskula (FMA) lokal terhadap pertumbuhan dan serapan logam tanaman Nauclea orientalis L., telah diteliti. Tanaman ditumbuhkan pada kondisi rumah kaca pada media serpentine soil tanpa dan dengan FMA (Glomus sp., Acaulospora tuberculata, dan campuran) selama 2 bulan. Akar tanaman lonkida terkolonisasi FMA dengan ditemukan struktur FMA berupa hifa internal>hifa eksternal>coil> vesikula>arbuskula. Kolonisasi A. tuberculata dan Glomus sp. signifikan meningkatkan berat kering akar (P<0,01, r=0,810) dan pucuk (P<0,05, r=0,802). N. orientalis memiliki ketergantungan tinggi terhadap inokulasi FMA (MIE>65). Nilai Transpor Faktor (TF) <1 untuk semua logam dengan urutan serapan logam Fe>Mn>Ni>Cr. Glomus sp mengurangi serapan Fe dan Ni akar sebesar 13% dan 3%, secara berturutan. A. tuberculata meningkatkan serapan semua logam. Kemampuan serapan logam berbeda antara jenis FMA.Heavy Metal Uptake by Indigenous Arbuscular Mycorrhizas of Nauclea orientalis L. and the Potential for Phytoremediation of Serpentine SoilAbstractEffect of indigenous arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) on growth and metal uptake of Nauclea orientalis L. plants, has been investigated. Plants were grown in greenhouse conditions on serpentine soil media without and with the AMF (Glomus sp., Acaulospora tuberculata, and mix) for two months. Lonkida roots was colonized by AMF because it was found structures of AMF: internal hyphae>external hypae>coil>vesicles>arbuscule. Colonization A. tuberculata and Glomus sp. significantly increased dry weight of root (P<0.01, r=0.810) and shoot (P<0.05, r=0.802). N. orientalis has a high dependence on inoculation of AMF (MIE>65). Transport Factor value (TF) <1 for all metals with metal uptake sequence was Fe>Mn>Ni>Cr. Glomus sp reduced Fe and Ni uptake on roots by 13% and 3%, respectively. A. tuberculata increased the uptake of all metals. Metal uptake ability was difference among types of AMF.

Hiperdominansi Jenis dan Biomassa Pohon di Taman Nasional Gunung Gede Pangrango, Indonesia Andes Hamuraby Rozak; Sri Astutik; Zaenal Mutaqien; Didik Widyatmoko; Endah Sulistyawati
Jurnal Ilmu Kehutanan Vol 11, No 1 (2017)
Publisher : Fakultas Kehutanan Universitas Gadjah Mada

Hiperdominansi jenis dan biomassa adalah suatu konsep yang menjelaskan pentingnya sebagian kecil jenis dan biomassa relatif terhadap rata-rata biomassa pohon pada suatu kawasan hutan. Pemahaman pada konsep ini berimplikasi pada upaya monitoring kawasan hutan khususnya bagi spesies penyumbang biomassa terbesar dan membantu pemahaman pada proses restorasi ekologinya. Analisis hiperdominansi jenis dan kontribusi pohon besar (DBH>50 cm) terhadap biomassa pohon telah dilakukan di kawasan hutan Taman Nasional Gunung Gede Pangrango (TNGGP). Sejumlah 26 plot pengamatan telah dibuat pada 26 level ketinggian yang berbeda (1013-3010 m dpl) dan dikelompokkan menjadi tiga zona yaitu zona submontana, montana, dan subalpine. Pohon-pohon yang terdapat dalam plot pengamatan kemudian dikelompokkan menjadi 3 kelompok diameter yaitu pohon kecil (5-30 cm), pohon sedang (30-50 cm), dan pohon besar (>50 cm). Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa hiperdominansi jenis terjadi di hutan TNGGP. Empat jenis pohon dari 114 jenis yang teridentifikasi yaitu Schima wallichii, Altingia excelsa, Vaccinium varingiaefolium, dan Castanopsis acuminatissima merepresentasikan 56,96% dari total biomassa pohon yang ada di plot TNGGP. Lebih lanjut, pohon kecil dan besar diketahui sebagai penyumbang biomassa yang sangat signifikan dibandingkan pohon sedang. Pada level plot penelitian, pohon dengan DBH>50 cm yang berjumlah 192 individu (atau 13%) dari 1471 individu pohon mampu merepresentasikan 61,4% dari total biomassanya. Namun demikian, pada level kawasan hutan, pohon kecil dan pohon besar memiliki kontribusi yang sama signifikannya terhadap biomassa per hektarnya yaitu masing-masing sebesar 40,9% dan 38,77%. Hasil-hasil tersebut menunjukkan bahwa hanya sedikit jenis pohon saja mampu merepresentasikan sebagian besar dari total biomassa pohon. Pohon-pohon kecil dan besar diketahui memainkan peranan yang penting dalam biomassa di hutan TNGGP.Hyperdominance of Tree Species and Biomass in Mount Gede Pangrango National Park, IndonesiaAbstractThe hyperdominance of tree species and biomass is a concept explaining the importance of a small portion of species and biomass relative to the average of biomass in a forested area. Understanding this concept has important implication on forest monitoring, especially to monitor the most significant species that show high contributes on biomass and its ecological restoration. Hyperdominance analysis of tree species and large trees (DBH > 50 cm) contribution to tree biomass were investigated in tropical mountain forest of Mount Gede Pangrango National Park (TNGGP). A total of 26 sample plots were installed in 26 different altitude between 1013 and 3010 m asl and grouped into three zones i.e. submontane, montane, and subalpine zones. Trees within plot were identified, measured, and grouped into three groups i.e. small (DBH 5-30 cm), medium (DBH 30-50 cm), and large trees (DBH>50 cm). The result showed that there were hyperdominant in TNGGP. Four species from 114 identified tree species i.e. Schima wallichii, Altingia excelsa, Vaccinium varingiaefolium, and Castanopsis acuminatissima represented 56.96% of the total biomass in the plot level. Furthermore, only 13% of trees from 1471 trees responsible for 61.4% of the total tree biomass in the plot level. However, small and large trees have similar significant contribution to the average biomass in the forest level i.e. 40.9% and 38.77%, respectively. These results suggest that only few species represent a huge amount of biomass. Both small and large trees play important role in the forest biomass of TNGGP.

Variasi Cendana (Santalum album Linn.) Berdasarkan Morfologi Daun dan Bunga di Desa Petir, Rongkop, Gunungkidul Ridla Arifriana; Sapto Indrioko; Atus Syahbudin
Jurnal Ilmu Kehutanan Vol 11, No 1 (2017)
Publisher : Fakultas Kehutanan Universitas Gadjah Mada

Cendana (Santalum album Linn.) merupakan salah satu spesies yang digunakan sebagai tanaman rehabilitasi, dikenal mampu tumbuh di lahan dengan keterbatasan hara, dan memiliki nilai ekonomi tinggi dari kandungan minyak santalol yang wangi. Cendana merupakan spesies asli di Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur (NTT) namun dijumpai permudaan alami di beberapa kawasan Kabupaten Gunungkidul, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta (DIY), salah satunya di Desa Petir, Kecamatan Rongkop, Kabupaten Gunungkidul. Permudaan alami tersebut memiliki variasi morfologi yang relatif besar pada populasinya. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan variasi cendana dan mengklasifikasikan cendana yang ditemui di lokasi penelitian berdasarkan karakter morfologi. Bahan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini berupa (1) cendana (meliputi organ generatif dan vegetatif) yang diambil secara sengaja (purposive) dan (2) Ximenia americana sebagai spesies pembanding. Data dideskripsi secara morfologi dan dilakukan analisis filogeni menggunakan metode maksimum parsimoni dengan penanda morfologi. Karakter morfologi cendana bervariasi pada ukuran dan bentuk daun, warna tenda bunga (perigonium), bunga, bentuk cuping, bentuk appendiks, warna batang, bentuk dan ukuran buah. Ditemui dua karakter cendana yang belum dijelaskan pada sumber sebelumnya di Indonesia yaitu bentuk daun lanset dan bulat telur serta karakter warna tenda bunga (perigonium), bunga oranye. Hasil analisis filogeni menunjukkan karakter daun kecil cendana lebih dekat dengan yang dimiliki oleh spesies pembanding. Karakter diagnostik secara tegas mengelompokan ukuran daun kecil dan ukuran daun besar. Ukuran daun kecil pada kisaran 2,8-7,7 cm sampai dengan 1,1-2,2 cm dan 7,9-10 cm sampai dengan 3,1-4 cm untuk cendana berdaun besar. Variasi bentuk daun serta warna bunga ditemukan pada masing-masing kelompok ukuran daun.Variation of Sandalwood (Santalum album Linn.) Based on Morphology of Leaves and Flowers at Petir Village, Rongkop, GunungkidulAbstractSandalwood (Santalum album Linn.) is one of the flora that are commonly used as rehabilitation species, known as a plant that can grow in a lack of nutrient soil, and has a high economic value of santalol oil. This plant is indigenous in East Nusa Tenggara but it has a natural regenaration in some areas of Gunungkidul Yogyakarta, including in Petir Village, Rongkop, Gunungkidul. Morphological variation of Sandalwood in this area was relatively high. This research aimed to describe and classify sandalwood variations that exist in the research site based on the morphological characters. The materials used in this study were (1) sandalwood as the target species (including generative and vegetative organs) with purposive sampling and (2) Ximenia americana as the outgroup species. Data were analyzed using description and phylogeny analysis using maximum parsimony method with morphological markers. Morphological characters of Sandalwoods were varied in size and leave shapes, flowers perigonium, lobes shapes, appendices shapes, stem color, shapes and fruit size. There were two characters that have not been described in the previous sources in Indonesia, form of leaves (oblong and oval) and orange color of perigonium. Phylogeny results showed that a small leaf sandalwood character was closer to the outgroup character. Diagnostic characters explicitly classified small leaf size and leaf size large. Size of small leaf was from 2.8 -7.7 cm to 1.1-2.2 cm and from 7.9-10 cm to 3.1-4 cm for large leaf. Leaf form and colour of flower variation was found in each group of leaf size.

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Tri Mulyaningsih

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trimulya@unram.ac.id

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+62274-512102

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jik@ugm.ac.id

Editorial Address
https://jurnal.ugm.ac.id/jikfkt/about/editorialTeam

Location
Kab. sleman,

Daerah istimewa yogyakarta

INDONESIA

Abstract

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Home Page

OAI Link

Editorial Team

Contact

Reviewer

Google Scholar

Contact Name Tri Mulyaningsih

Contact Email trimulya@unram.ac.id

Phone +62274-512102

Journal Mail Official jik@ugm.ac.id

Editorial Address https://jurnal.ugm.ac.id/jikfkt/about/editorialTeam

Location Kab. sleman, Daerah istimewa yogyakarta INDONESIA

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Contact Name
Tri Mulyaningsih

Contact Email
trimulya@unram.ac.id

Phone
+62274-512102

Journal Mail Official
jik@ugm.ac.id

Editorial Address
https://jurnal.ugm.ac.id/jikfkt/about/editorialTeam

Location
Kab. sleman,

Daerah istimewa yogyakarta

INDONESIA