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INDONESIA
Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian
Published by Universitas Gadjah Mada
ISSN : -     EISSN : -     DOI : -
Core Subject : Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 547 Documents
 47   48   49   50   51 
Cell wall modifications lead to cultivar differences in apple (Malus domestica) fruit mealiness Ayu Nurlaila Indah; Shigeki Moriya; Tomoya Ohta; Rani Agustina Wulandari; Panjisakti Basunanda; Hideki Murayama
Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Vol 7, No 2 (2022): August
Publisher : Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada jointly with PISPI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ipas.72768

Abstract

Recently, four quantitative trait loci linked to flesh mealiness in apples were identified, with one associated with the MdPG1 allele. Hence, this study analyzed cell wall changes in two mealy (Orin and Akane) and three non-mealy (Kiou, Kitaro, Fuji) apple cultivars during ripening. The fruits were harvested for each cultivar at optimum maturity and stored at 20°C for 20 days. The flesh firmness of ‘Kitaro’ and ‘Fuji’ fruit did not change strikingly over the 20 days, whereas that of the other three cultivars, especially ‘Akane’ and ‘Orin’, gradually decreased during ripening. Between the two cultivars with a mealy texture, ‘Akane’ fruit produced extremely low levels of ethylene, whereas ‘Orin’ fruit produced high levels. The water-soluble polyuronide (WSP) contents of ‘Kiou’ and ‘Fuji’ fruit did not change clearly. In contrast, the WSP contents of the other three cultivars, especially ‘Akane’ and ‘Orin’, increased during ripening. In ‘Kiou’, ‘Kitaro’, and ‘Fuji’ fruit, the molecular-mass distributions of WSPs did not change during ripening. Conversely, the molecular-mass distribution of WSPs in ‘Akane’ and ‘Orin’ fruit exhibited downshifts during ripening. These results indicate that solubilization and depolymerization of pectic polyuronides occur during ripening in mealy ‘Akane’ and ‘Orin’ fruit, and that ethylene may not be involved in these changes.
Improvement on yield of onion (Allium cepa L.) using different rates of organic manure and sowing seasons in South Eastern Nigeria Patience Ukamaka Ishieze; Felicity Chidiebere Onah; Nathaniel Dauda
Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Vol 7, No 3 (2022): December (In Press)
Publisher : Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada jointly with PISPI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ipas.72990

Abstract

This study aimed at determining how different rates of poultry manure affected the growth and production of onions (Allium cepa L.) in wet and dry seasons. The experiment was conducted from July to October 2019 and from January to April 2020 at the Department of Crop Science teaching and research farm, University of Nigeria Nsukka, South Eastern Nigeria. The experiment applied a randomized complete block design with nine replications spread over three blocks. The treatments were four doses of poultry manure (0, 10, 20 and 30 t.ha-1) tried in two seasons (wet and dry season). Prior to the investigations, soil analysis of the experimental site and poultry manure nutrient content were carried out. The growth pattern and yield was higher during the wet season. Poultry manure at amount of 30 t.ha-1 gave the best growth attributes (number of leaves, leaf length, and leaf diameter) 14.22, 53.67 cm and 0.88 cm respectively while the 20 t.ha-1 had the highest plant height and bulb fresh weight, 60.86 cm and 2 kg/plant respectively. The trend was not the same as in dry season planting because 20 t.ha-1 poultry manure differs significantly from other rates of poultry manure considered. Plant height, leaf length, leaf diameter and bulb fresh weight (57.64 cm, 55.28 cm, 0.84 cm and 0.63 kg/plant respectively) were statistically significantly (p < 0.05) different at 5% probability level.  Utilization of 20 t.ha-1 of poultry manure and planting in wet season gave the best growth and yield of onion vegetable.
Characterization and classification of soils of the Rivers State University Teaching and Research Farm, Port Harcourt, Southern Nigeria Kaananwii Dum Peter; Lucky Agbogun
Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Vol 7, No 3 (2022): December (In Press)
Publisher : Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada jointly with PISPI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ipas.77126

Abstract

This study was conducted to characterize and classify the soils of the Teaching and Research Farm, Rivers State University, Port Harcourt, covering 30 hectares of land area. A rigid grid soil survey method at a very detailed level (100 × 100) m² (1 ha) with two mapping units identified and delineated. Each of the mapping unit was represented by a soil profile described from the lowest end to the upper part of the profiles to avoid contamination. Soil samples were collected for laboratory analysis from the various horizons identified. The results obtained, indicated that the soils were of Inceptisols/ Cambisol order, Udepts at the suborder level, Eutrudepts Great group level and Typic Eutrudepts (subgroup level). Thus, the drainage, parent materials, climate (rainfall), and vegetation of the area along with the geologic material, formed from the sedimentary rocks that were weathered into coastal plain sands and buried under alluvium at various degrees at different locations in the study area, greatly affected the soils of Teaching and Research Farm, Rivers State University, Port Harcourt, which are primarily Inceptisols/ Cambisols.
Effect of short and long period of salinity stress on physiological responses and biochemical markers of Aloe vera L. Mandana Mirbakhsh; Sara Sohrabi sedeh
Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Vol 7, No 3 (2022): December (In Press)
Publisher : Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada jointly with PISPI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ipas.78646

Abstract

Salinization reduces soil health and quality, drastically limiting growth and reducing land degradation and crop yield. This comprehensive research aimed to evaluate the impact of sodium chloride increment on growth factors, amount of oxidative stress biomarker (Malondialdehyde), osmotic response (evaluated by both proline and sugars contents), photosynthesis efficiency (expressed with chlorophyll fluorescence measurement) and activity of Malate dehydrogenases (MDHs) as a regulator under abiotic stress tolerantly in Aloe in Alzahra University, Tehran. Experiments were conducted in two studies at the following concentration of sodium chloride: 0 (control), 100, 200, and 300 (mM) NaCl for 30 days (short-term treatments) and: 0 (control), 54.7, 109.5, and 164.5 (mM) NaCl for 150 days (long-term treatments). Three replications in completely randomized design were applied. The results showed that while the fresh weight of belowground biomass declined at higher salinity level (164.5 mM), no significant differences were reported in the short period of salt treatments. A considerable amount of free proline was accumulated in both short (3.594 µg.g-1 dw) and long ( 2.20 µg.g-1 dw) term studies which raised the role of proline in osmoregulation. Our results showed the decline of MDA amount (0.0003mmol.g-1FW) in 54.7 NaCl (mM) that may be due to less membrane damage in presence of moderate salinity, indicating a variety of dependent differences in biochemical markers activity.
Yield and yield components of superior cocoa (Theobroma cocoa L.) clones rejuvenated by ring budding technique Resti Utari Wahyudi; Eka Tarwaca Susila Putra; Didik Indradewa
Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Vol 8, No 1 (2023): April
Publisher : Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada jointly with PISPI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ipas.71385

Abstract

The ring budding technique gave a higher suitability for rejuvenation of cocoa plants compared to side cleft grafting it can be combined with the use of superior clones for optimal production. However, information related to this is still limited. The research aimed to determine the effects of ring budding technique on yield components and yields of three types of superior cocoa clones. The experiment was arranged in a Nested Design. The first factor is the type of vegetative propagation technique, consisting of side cleft grafting and ring budding. The second factor was clones, which consisted of clones KKM 22, RCC 70 and RCC 71. Clones were nested in vegetative propagation. The research was conducted from September 2020 to January 2021 at the Pagilaran Company. Observations were made on several yield component variables. The data were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and continued with the Least Significant Difference Test (LSD) at the 5%. The results showed that the number of pods and the weight of beans per cocoa stand were significantly higher in the ring budding technique than the side cleft grafting. This condition caused the dry bean weight per hectare much higher as well. The three cacao clones, which were rejuvenated by ring budding, gave a good response and high yields. Meanwhile, only KKM 2 gave good response and high yield after treated with side cleft grafting technique, while  RCC 70 and RCC 71 clones gave low yields. The KKM 22 clone is the best option in terms of rehabilitation with ring budding and side cleft grafting.
Increasing the growth and yield of shallot (Allium cepa L. Aggregatum group) by using Methyl Jasmonic Acid (MeJA) concentrations under drought condition Rizqi Dyah Susilowati; Endang Sulistyaningsih; Rudi Hari Murti
Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Vol 8, No 1 (2023): April
Publisher : Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada jointly with PISPI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ipas.71747

Abstract

Drought is one of the limiting factors for plant production, and there is a continuous demand for drought tolerant plants. Shallots are considered a shallow-rooted crop and have been reported to have little tolerance to drought conditions. One of the efforts to increase plant tolerance to drought conditions is through the addition of Methyl Jasmonic Acid (MeJA). MeJA is involved in several physiological and biochemical procedures in plant growth and development. Application of MeJA can increase the plant tolerance to drought conditions through chlorophyll synthesis, stomatal conductivity, transpiration, net photosynthetic rate and biomass production. This research was conducted in a complete randomized block design with three replications to determine the response of shallot plants to the application of MeJA (0 µM, 25 µM, 50 µM and 100 µM) under drought conditions, which was simulated through the frequency of watering (once daily, every other day, once in three days). Soil water content calculated before the watering treatment was 24.45%, 20.34% and 18.45% for watering once daily, every other day, once in three days, respectively. The results showed that the addition of MeJA played a role in enhancing the growth and productivity of shallot plants under normal and drought conditions. Application of 50 µM of MeJA could increase the Water Use Efficiency, maintain the Relative Water Content, increase the width of stomatal aperture, and increase the leaf area and Leaf Area Index. This also led to increasing Net Assimilation Rate and Plant Growth Rate. Application of 50 µM of MeJA gave in increasing bulb productivity and reached 7.86 ton.ha-1, which was 58.2 % higher than that of in control (without MeJA application). Application of MeJA to shallot plants exhibited avoiding type of physiological tolerance.
Effects of rice husk charcoal on the resistance of Jali (Coix lacryma-jobi L.) to drought stress during generative phase Qaanitatul Hakim Ipaulle; Didik Indradewa; Siti Nurul Rofiqo Irwan
Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Vol 8, No 1 (2023): April
Publisher : Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada jointly with PISPI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ipas.75079

Abstract

The production of jali (Coix lacryma-jobi L.) under stress can be increased by the application of a soil enhancer, called rice husk charcoal.  This study aimed to determine the effect of rice husk charcoal on the yield of jali plants under drought stress and to determine the minimum soil water content from the interval time of watering to ensure that plants can still produce grains. The treatment (interval time watering and weight of rice husk charcoal) was arranged in a split-plot design. The main plot was the interval time of watering, consisting of 3 levels: every two days, every four days, and every six days. The weight of rice husk charcoal as sub-plots consisted of 3 levels: 0 t ha⁻¹, 10 t ha⁻¹, and 20 t ha⁻¹. The data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and further tested using Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at a significance level of 5%. The results showed that rice husk charcoal could not increase the yield of jali plant under drought stress. Jali plants could still produce grains at a watering interval time of every six days with a minimum soil moisture content of 11.85%, or equivalent to 35.54% of field capacity.
Minimum tillage on vertisols lowland increases rice production and soil properties Fitria Zulhaedar; Makruf Nurudin; Eko Hanudin
Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Vol 8, No 1 (2023): April
Publisher : Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada jointly with PISPI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ipas.75314

Abstract

Current land management is a challenge for wetlands vertisol soil types, especially on the rice production, which often clashes with future soil quality. This study aimed to obtain optimal performance of rice growth and  physical and chemical properties of vertisol soil on various tillage systems. The study was carried out in the vertisol rice fields of Batu Bolong sub-village, Ungga village, Southwest Praya District, Central Lombok Regency, West Nusa Tenggara during the second growing season (March-October) in 2021. The experimental design was arranged in a Completely Randomized Design consisting of three levels of: no-tillage as T1, minimum tillage as T2, and maximum tillage as T3, with each treatment being repeated five times. The use of production inputs and infrastructure was uniform in all experimental plots. The results showed that T2 treatment had some of the best parameters for rice growth and yield as well as the physical and chemical properties of the land. Plant height and number of tillers at T2 were significantly more maximal in observing the vegetative phase. The dry weight of 1000 grains and rice productivity from the highest were respectively T2 > T1 > T3. The physical and chemical parameters of the soil also showed the same order. Thus, it can be said that minimum tillage is the best tillage system to obtain the growth and yield of rice in the second growing season and the most optimal physical and chemical properties of vertisol soil.
The role of hydrilla (Hydrilla verticillata (L.f.) Royle) as soil protectant in improving soil physical, chemical, and biological properties Dyah Roeswitawati; Zamzami Faizal Ahmad; Machmudi Machmudi
Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Vol 8, No 1 (2023): April
Publisher : Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada jointly with PISPI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ipas.76121

Abstract

One of the aquatic weeds inhibiting agricultural production is hydrilla. The plants are simply removed not far from the bunds to prevent them from competing with cultivated plants. However, hydrilla can be used to improve the physical, chemical, and biological properties of the soil. As an indicator of production, chili plants were planted in the trial field in Purworejo Village, Ngantang Sub-district, Malang District from October 2020 to January 2021 to test the dose of hydrilla compost. The treatments tested consisted of hydrilla compost doses of 5 t.ha⁻¹ (P₁), 10 t.ha⁻¹ (P₂), 15 t.ha⁻¹ (P₃), and 20 t.ha⁻¹ (P₄), and NPK (16:16:16) inorganic fertilizer dose of 250 kg.ha⁻¹ (P₅) as control. The experiment was arranged in a randomized block design with three replications. Analysis of variance showed no significant difference (F<0.05) in the number of flower results. Meanwhile, there was a significant effect on the number of fruits, fruit weight, and percentage of flowers into fruits (F>0.05). Hydrilla compost contained 17.3% organic C element, while the inorganic fertilizer contained 4.27%. Hydrilla compost contained decomposing microorganisms, including Pseudomonas luorescent group, Trichoderma sp., Aspergillus sp. and Penicillium sp. The optimum dose of hydrilla compost for chili plants is 20 t.ha⁻¹.
Effect of deficit irrigation on the growth and yield of peanuts (Arachis hypogaea (L.) Merr.) compared to AquaCrop model simulation Febery Hery Suandana; Cahyoadi Bowo; Sigit Soeparjono
Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Vol 8, No 1 (2023): April
Publisher : Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada jointly with PISPI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ipas.77304

Abstract

The availability of irrigation water during the growing season reflects on the potential yield at the end of the peanuts’ growing season. Monitoring water availability is essential to optimize production. This study aimed to identify the effect of irrigation water on peanuts (Arachis hypogaea (L.) Merr.) under various irrigation conditions between actual and simulated AquaCrop. The research was conducted in the experimental field utilizing four irrigation treatments which were 60%, 80%, 100% of  field capacity (FC), and standard irrigation. The correlation results between the actual and simulated ones showed that the R2 value was 0.974–0.990 for the canopy cover parameter, 0.026–0.534 for ETc, and 0.542-0.554 for production. Comparison between actual and simulated AquaCrop showed Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) values of 5.08–­­9.74 for canopy cover parameters, 1.11–3.12 for ETc, and 0.82–1.09 for production. Welch test statistical analysis indicated values of 2.31–5.52 for plant biomass and 0.04–3.98 for dry pod yields. The AquaCrop simulation accurately predicted canopy cover at 80% irrigation treatment compared to 60%, 100%, and standard irrigation treatments. Parameter of ETc in AquaCrop simulations showed inaccurate predictions for biomass production and pod dry weight when compared with actual results on all irrigation treatments.

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