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INDONESIA
Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian
Published by Universitas Gadjah Mada
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Core Subject : Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry
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Articles 547 Documents
 48   49   50   51   52 
Morphological characterization of papaya accessions in Jember through multivariate analysis Riza Yuli Rusdiana; Halimatus Sa'diyah; Vega Kartika Sari; Kacung Hariyono; Sri Hartatik
Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Vol 8, No 1 (2023): April
Publisher : Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada jointly with PISPI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ipas.80175

Abstract

This study aimed to select the most informative morphological descriptors in characterizing and distinguishing papaya accessions in Jember. The multivariate analysis was used to i) determine the closeness between the papaya accessions collected based on morphology descriptors and ii) define a list of sufficient minimum descriptors to distinguish papaya accessions in Jember. Five quantitative and fifteen qualitative descriptors were used in evaluating 23 accessions. The data collected through quantitative descriptors were analyzed by the means of PCA­biplot analysis and qualitative descriptors were analyzed using entropy level. Statistical analysis was carried out by R studio software using two packages, i.e. biotools and factoextra packages. Based on the research results, the first two principal components of the PCA­biplot representation of 23 accessions were able to evaluate 67.18% of the total variability. The accessions located in KAL­SUK, GUM­PUR 1, and GUM­PUR 2 had similarities in tree diameter and width of mature leaf characters, while KAL­PLA, MUM­SUM 1, LED­SLA, MUM­LEN 1, SUM­RO 2, and SUM­JAM accessions shared similarities in the length of mature leaf, petiole, and peduncle. The minimum descriptors that could be used to characterize papaya plant accessions in Jember were two quantitative descriptors (tree diameter and length of mature leaf) and three qualitative descriptors (general shape of mature leaf teeth, height to first fruit, and stem color). The combination of quantitative­qualitative descriptors allowed the simple and rapid characterization of papaya accession. In addition, it could reduce costs and labor without losing information in the characterization of papaya plants.
Performance assessment of wheat genotypes based on the superiority index using additive main and multiplicative interaction effects and BLUP analysis Ajay Verma; Gyanendra Pratap Singh
Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Vol 8, No 2 (2023): August
Publisher : Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada jointly with PISPI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ipas.77761

Abstract

The simultaneous use of additive main and multiplicative interaction effects (AMMI) and best linear unbiased predictors (BLUP) has been reflected in the multi-location evaluation of trials for number of crops. The additional advantages of both these approaches would be combined in superiority index (SI) to have an edge over the commonly used approaches. The promising wheat genotypes had been considered under multi location trails in Peninsular zone of India during the cropping seasons of 2018-2019 and 2019-2020. The highly significant environmental effects contributed 44.1% & 35.3% of total sum of squares in the AMMI analysis, 20.6% & 26.2% were augmented by G × E interaction, while 10.8% & 7.5% were contributed by the genotypes.Wheat genotypes of UAS3001, MACS6222, GW322, and DDW48 expressed their superiority in BLUP values. Superiority indexes and adaptability measures had identified WHD964 and DDW48 genotypes for the second year of study. More than 75% variations among the considered measures were due to the first two interaction principal components (IPCA’s) under Biplot analysis. Number of superiority index measures were clustered with adaptability measures in the same quadrant. Superiority index, the weighted measure of yield and consistent performance of genotypes would be more appropriate for stability and adaptabilities studies.
Effects of husk charcoal and watering on the biochemical and physiological properties of coix millet (Coix lacryma jobi L.) during vegetative phase Fadillatunnisa Fadillatunnisa; Didik Indradewa; Eka Tarwaca Susila Putra
Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Vol 8, No 2 (2023): August
Publisher : Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada jointly with PISPI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ipas.79244

Abstract

Continuous climate change increases the number of droughts in some areas, thereby affecting agricultural production. Cultivation of coix millet (Jali plant in Indonesian) is profitable because of its high adaptability to drought stress, and its seeds have the potential to be used as food due to their benefits for body health. The application of organic matter, namely husk charcoal, was chosen to increase agricultural production under drought stress. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the effects of husk charcoal on the biochemical and physiological properties of coix millet during vegetative phase under drought stress and to determine the longest watering interval the plant can tolerate. Research was arranged in a split-plot design with three replications. The main plot consisted of three watering intervals (every two, four, and six days). The sub-plots consisted of three doses of husk charcoal, namely 0 g polybag⁻¹ (0 tons ha⁻¹), 32 g polybag⁻¹ (10 tons ha⁻¹), and 64 g polybag⁻¹ (20 tons ha⁻¹). The data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and tested using Duncan's Multiple Distance Test (DMRT) at a significant level of 5%. The results showed that husk charcoal could increase the chlorophyll content in plants experiencing drought stress. The longest watering interval that could be tolerated by coix millet given husk charcoal at the optimal dose (64 g polybag⁻¹) was once every four days.
Effects of ameliorant application on the growth and yield of rice plants (Oryza sativa L.) Arini Alfi Farhati; Dewi Firnia; Alfu Laila
Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Vol 8, No 2 (2023): August
Publisher : Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada jointly with PISPI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ipas.82434

Abstract

An ameliorant is a chemical that can be used to improve soil fertility. The improving agents include dolomite and steel slag. Steel slag is a by-product of the steel industry containing CaCO3, SiO2, CaSiO3, and MgO, which can be used to improve the growth and yield of rice plants. Dolomite, on the other hand, is a limestone rock containing MgO and CaO, which is useful in agricultural soils. This study aimed to determine the types and doses of ameliorants affecting the growth and yield of rice plants (Oryza sativa L.). The research was carried out at Sukadana Village, Ciomas Serang-Banten District. A non-factorial Group Randomized Design with seven treatments was employed in this investigation. The treatments include P0 = No treatment (control), P1 = 2 t/ha of dolomite, P2 = 2 t/ha of dolomite + 2.5 t/ha of steel slag, P3 = 1.5 t/ha of steel slag, P4 = 2.5 t/ha of steel slag, P5 = 5 t/ha of steel slag, and P6 = 7.5 t/ha of steel slag. Observation was made on steel slag characterization, plant height, the total number of tillers, the weight of 1000 grains, the amount of grain per clump, and the weight of dry-milled grain. The results showed that applying dolomite at 2 t/ha and steel slag at 2.5 t/ha could increase the weight of 1000 grains of rice, and applying steel slag at 1.5 t/ha could enhance the amount of grain per clump.
Improving basil productivity in coastal sandy soil Yogyakarta by balanced Urea-ZA (N-S) fertilizers and application of soil amendment to increase fertilization effectiveness Cahyo Wulandari; Nasih Widya Yuwono; Yudhistira Galang Pravasta; Sri Lestari
Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Vol 8, No 2 (2023): August
Publisher : Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada jointly with PISPI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ipas.83506

Abstract

Basil is a plant that can be cultivated in Psamment (coastal sandy soil). Basil requires nitrogen (N) and sulfur (S), so the N-S balance is needed to obtain optimal results. Psamment contains low colloid, causing nutrients to be barely bound and easily lost. Zeolite and biochar can be a solution. This study aimed to determine the composition and frequency of fertilization, as well as the use of soil amendment for basil growth. This research consisted of two interrelated studies arranged in a Randomized Complete Block Design. The research was conducted in Bugel, Panjatan, Kulon Progo, and the analysis was performed at the Soil Department Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada. The first study consisted of two factors, namely Urea-ZA composition (0:0, 60:40, 70:30, 80:20, 90:10, and 100:0) and frequency of fertilization (every 1 and 2 weeks). The application of Urea-ZA (80:20) gave the best fresh-dry weight, N-S content, and N-S uptake of basil, and this result was used as the reference for the second study. The second study consisted of two factors, namely Urea-ZA fertilizer doses (50%, 75%, and 100%), and types and doses of soil amendment (without amendment, zeolite 7.5 t/ha, zeolite 15 t/ha; biochar 7.5 t/ha, and biochar 15 t/ha). It can be concluded that soil amendments application improved the chemical properties of psamment, fresh-dry weight, N-S content, and N-S uptake of basil. Furthermore, biochar and zeolite could increase the effectiveness of fertilization, so the dose of Urea-ZA fertilizer could be reduced until 50%.
Application of NAA and BA to Calotropis gigantea (L.) W.T. Aiton in vitro Muji Rahayu; Tyas Alivia Wulandari; Amalia Tetrani Sakya; Andriyana Setyawati; Sri Hartati; Samanhudi Samanhudi
Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Vol 8, No 2 (2023): August
Publisher : Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada jointly with PISPI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ipas.83664

Abstract

Crown flower (Calotropis gigantea (L.)) is a weed plant potentially to be used as raw material for textile fibers yet the utilization is not optimal. Efforts to optimize the utilization of C. gigantea are needed. This research aimed to determine the appropriate concentration of plant growth regulators, including NAA (Naphthalene Acetic Acid) and BA (Benzyl Adenine) to stimulate optimal growth of C. gigantea to be used as the basis for in vitro propagation of C. gigantea. The research was arranged in a completely randomized design (CRD). Explants were planted on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium with various concentrations of NAA (0; 0.5; 1; 1.5; and 2 ppm) and BA (0; 1; 2; 3; and 4 ppm). Based on the research result, the addition of 3 ppm BA followed by increasing the concentration of NAA to 1.5 ppm could increase the number of C. gigantea shoots, and giving 1 ppm BA followed by adding 1.5 to 2 ppm NAA increased shoot height. The best plantlet response was found in media with 0 ppm NAA and 4 ppm BA, which could produce an optimal shoot height of 5.9 cm and a large number of shoots of 5.67 shoots. Increasing NAA concentration retarded root formation and reduced the root length and number of leaves, while the medium without NAA gave the earliest root emergence of 11 days after planting, the number of leaves of 20 strands, and the longest root of 10.9 cm. Applying a single substance BA did not accelerate all the variables observed.
Principal component analysis (PCA) on temporal changes of soil health indicators Fakher Kardoni
Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Vol 8, No 2 (2023): August
Publisher : Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada jointly with PISPI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ipas.85271

Abstract

Soil health indicators are related to environmental factors, such as nutrient management, crop practices, different cropping systems, and biodiversity. 14 soil health indicators were measured and compared in our study to clarify the impact of different cropping system on soil quality. The primary comparisons were carried out among perennial plants, annual plants, and cover cropping, with an examination of the tillage system and fertilization taken into account during the analysis. Multivariant analysis recorded that the most promising indicators of soil health that related to soil quality and health were organic carbon (OC), total carbon (TC), followed by fall soil total nitrogen (TN). The main factor for clustering treatments based on indicators was N fertilization according to Euclidean distance that was applied to measure similarity of the groups. Although perennials and cover crops recorded more carbon sequestration and TC improvement, corn crops showed the worse impact on soil pH and bulk density (BD). Non-tillage practices significantly increased wet aggregate and soil moisture. The combination of TC field measurements with long-term cropping systems information has improved our understanding of how different cropping practices influence SOC improvement in soil full profile. It would develop appropriate and cost-effective agricultural management activities, maintain or improve carbon soil accumulation to guide farmer decision making, and ultimately advance food and nutritional security.
Effects of different soil management styles and cropping practices on the yield and quality of fava bean (Vicia faba L.) Somayeh Karami
Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Vol 8, No 2 (2023): August
Publisher : Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada jointly with PISPI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ipas.86332

Abstract

This research aimed to determine the effects of various soil tillage techniques and the use of organic and chemical fertilizers on the overall yield and quality of fava beans. The study emphasized the significance of fertilizer types and their interaction with soil tillage methods. Although the quantity of grains per pod was notably influenced by the choice of fertilizers, the impact of soil tillage alone was found to be insignificant. Moreover, this study demonstrated that the yield index of fava beans was significantly influenced by fertilizer sources, emphasizing the importance of proper nitrogen managements. These findings provide valuable insights for enhancing crop production and quality through optimized soil tillage practices and the use of organic and chemical fertilizers. Through an examination of both the measurable and qualitative elements of fava bean cultivation, this study offers valuable knowledge on how to optimize the application of nitrogen fertilizers and effectively utilize mycorrhizal inoculation to improve grain yield and seed quality. These findings have implications for sustainable agriculture practices and guide farmers and researchers in making informed decisions regarding soil management strategies in fava bean cultivation.
Effects of mycorrhiza and phosphate fertilizers on the growth and yield of foxtail millet (Setaria italica L.) under drought stress conditions Laili, Anissatul; Herliana, Okti; Rahayu, Ahadiyat Yugi; Cahyani, Wilis; Fauzi, Ahmad
Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Vol 8, No 3 (2023): December
Publisher : Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada jointly with PISPI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ipas.71822

Abstract

Millet is a cereal plant that’s potential for rice substitution. This plant is adaptive to be cultivated in dry land but has a tolerance limit to drought stress. Mycorrhiza and phospate (P) fertilizer treatments help plants adapt to this condition. This study aimed to determine the effects of phosphate fertilizer and mycorrhiza as well as their interaction effects on the growth and yield of foxtail millet (Setaria italica L.) under drought stress. The experiment was carried out from January to June 2020 in the experimental farm, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Jenderal Soedirman. The research was arranged in a factorial randomized complete block design consisting of two factors. The first factor was the dose of SP-36 fertilizer per polybag, namely P0 = 0 g, P1 = 37,5 kg.ha⁻¹ (25%), P2 = 75 kg.ha⁻¹ = 0.88 g/polybag (50%), and P3 = 150 kg.ha⁻¹. The second factor was the dose of mycorrhiza biofertilizer, namely M0 = 0 g.polibag⁻¹, M1 = 33.3 g. polibag⁻¹ and M2 = 66.6 g.polybag⁻¹. The treatment was replicated three times. The data observed were analyzed using the F test, continued with DMRT test at p=0.05. The results showed that SP-36 fertilizer application at half of the recommended dose (0.88 g/polybag) could increase growth variables, such as leaf area, panicle length, and seed weight. Mycorrhizae application 33.3 g/polybag could improve variables such as plant height, leaf area, panicle length, and seed weight. It also accelerated the initiation of panicle emergence compared to control.
Effects of water hyacinth compost and biological agents (Trichoderma sp) on the growth and yield of shallots (Allium ascalonicum L.) in dry land Lehar, Laurensius; Proklamita, Tri Luchi; Arifin, Zainal
Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Vol 9, No 1 (2024): April
Publisher : Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada jointly with PISPI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ipas.74820

Abstract

Shallot (Allium ascalonicum L.) is one of leading vegetable commodities intensively cultivated by farmers for a long time, including farmers in East Nusa Tenggara (ENT). The purpose of this study was to produce water hyacinth compost with ability to interact with Trichoderma sp. in order to improve the shallot bulb quality cultivated in dry land. This factorial experimental research was arranged in a Split Plot Design with 10 treatments and 3 replications. There were 10 treatment combinations with 30 experimental plots. Two factors were tested in this research. The first factor was the water hyacinth compost as the main plot, namely: 15 ton ha⁻¹ water hyacinth compost (K1) and without water hyacinth compost (K2), while the second factor as a sub-plot was the concentration of Trichoderma sp., consisting of watering with plain water (as control) of 100 mL(P0), watering with a concentration of Trichoderma sp. 5 mL.L⁻¹ (P1), watering with a concentration of Trichoderma sp. 10 mL.L⁻¹ (P2), watering with Trichoderma sp. concentration 15 mL.L⁻¹ (P3) and watering with Trichoderma sp. 20 mL.L⁻¹ (P4). The treatment of water hyacinth compost fertilizer at 15 tons ha⁻¹ with a concentration of Trichoderma sp 20 mL.L⁻¹ resulted in the highest number of shallot leaves (84.27 strands) and tillers (10.82). The shallot bulb weight per plot was 2455.33 g, and the number of bulbs per plot was 350.40 bulbs.

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