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INDONESIA
Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian
Published by Universitas Gadjah Mada
ISSN : -     EISSN : -     DOI : -
Core Subject : Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry
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Articles 547 Documents
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Response of mineral formulation towards different growth phases of arabica coffee in lowland Wulanjari, Distiana; Wijaya, Ketut Anom; Rosyady, Muhammad Ghufron; Suwardiyanto, Suwardiyanto; Meliala, Susan Barbara Patricia Sembiring; Setiyono, Setiyono; Farisi, Oria Alit
Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Vol 9, No 1 (2024): April
Publisher : Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada jointly with PISPI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ipas.76043

Abstract

Arabica coffee cultivation is limited by altitude, which affects its production. Some farmers in Jember Regency are innovating to grow arabica coffee in the lowland, but the potential for leaf rust disease is quite high. Plant natural resistance can be enhanced by adding minerals formulation (containing silica, iodine, and calcium). This research aimed to determine which phase is more effective for applying mineral formulation that induces plant resistance. The formulation was tested on arabica coffee plants grown at the lowland (460 masl) in Jember Regency on 12 years old (y.o) mature and 1 y.o immature plants. One formulation was dissolved in 14 L of water and applied by foliar feeding. The effect was analyzed using two-way T-test of two samples assuming unequal variances at 95% confidence level to determine the differences. The analysis showed that the plants supplemented with the formulation could increase the variables that supported the natural resistance of plants (both mechanically and through the production of chemical compounds), such as polyphenol content, flavonoids, antioxidant activity, total dissolved protein, vitamin C, reducing sugar, lignin, cellulose, hemicellulose, and iodine content in the plant. The response of the formulation application showed that the most resistance variables was better in 1 y.o immature plants than in 12 y.o mature plants. The application of mineral formulation in immature phase will have a better impact on increasing natural resistance, and it has the potential to be used as a supplement for arabica coffee plants cultivated in the lowland.
Anatomical responses of roots and yield of cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) to K fertilization doses Shodiq, Muhammad Syaiful; Susila Putra, Eka Tarwaca; Rofiqo Irwan, Siti Nurul
Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Vol 9, No 2 (2024): August
Publisher : Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada jointly with PISPI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ipas.76188

Abstract

Cocoa is one of important commodities for the economy of Indonesia. However, national exports of the commodity has declined due to decreasing of domestic cocoa production. For enhancing cocoa production, potassium fertilization is required. Potassium (K) is an essential macronutrient in the physiology, anatomy, and yields processes. Anatomically, K is needed in the elongation of meristem tissue as well as for increasing the yields of fruit and seed. The objectives of this research included the study of the effect of K fertilizer dose and determination of optimum K doses on root anatomy development as well as the yield of cocoa pods. This research was conducted on the cocoa plantation of PT. Pagilaran. Applied doses of K fertilization consisted of 0, 150, 300, 450, and 600 g KCl/plant in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with 5 replications. Observed variables consisted of root anatomy and yield of cocoa pods. The results indicated that the dose of K fertilization significantly influenced both stele and xylem diameters of cocoa roots but insignificantly effected the thickness of cork tissue, phloem diameter, and the thickness of cambium tissue. Moreover, the dose also showed significant effect on the number of beans per pod, the weight of 100 beans, as well as the fresh and dry weight of beans per plant. It was also revealed that the dose showed no significant effect on length, diameter, and weight of the cocoa pods. It implied that K fertilization dose had effect on root anatomical properties and yield of cacao. 
Utilization of Actinomycetes to increase phosphate availability at different soil moisture conditions in Andisols Namanteran, North Sumatera Alfikri, M Reza; Sabrina, T; Sahar, Asmarlaili
Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Vol 8, No 3 (2023): December
Publisher : Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada jointly with PISPI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ipas.77785

Abstract

The high phosphate retention in Andisols causes the availability of P to be low, can not be absorbed by plants. Actinomycetes are capable of solubilizing bound phosphates. This research aimed to identify Actinomycetes in Andisols Namanteran, assess their ability to increase phosphate availability, and understand how they work to increase phosphate availability in this soil. The research design used a factorial randomized block design with 2 factors; factor 1 was Actinomycetes isolate, consisting of A₀ = No Inoculant, A₁ = Inoculant A₁₃₂ (vegetable crops; 32 × 10⁸ CFU mL⁻¹), A₂ = A₄₆₈ (forest plants; 41 × 10⁸ CFU mL⁻¹), A₃ = A₄₅₈ (forest plant; 58 × 10⁸ CFUmL⁻¹), A₄ = A₄₇₁ (coffee plant; 35 × 10⁸ CFU mL⁻¹), A₅ = A₄₅₉ (forest plant; 63 × 10⁸ CFU mL⁻¹), A₆ = A₃₂₁ (hibiscus plant; 37 × 10⁸ CFU mL⁻¹), and A₇ = A₃₅₆ (vegetable plant; 33 × 10⁸ CFU mL⁻¹), and factor 2 was soil water content, consisting of K₁ = 50%, K₂ = 75% and K₃ = 100% of field capacity. The results showed that the availability of P in Andisols increased due to the application of Actinomycetes from 42.46 ppm to 159.20−266.60 ppm. The population of Actinomycetes in Actinomycetes treatment ranged from 27.33−31.58 × 10⁸ CFU mL⁻¹), with a soil pH of 4.41. Water content of 100% was the best in increasing soil pH and Actinomycetes population, but not having significant effects on the available P of the soil. The results of molecular identification of Actinomycetes that have the best potential in dissolving P include A₃>A₅>A₂>A₄>A₁.
Drought tolerance selection of several tomato varieties by using polyethylene glycol Avivi, Sholeh; Sitompul, Novrida Yanti; Siswoyo, Tri Agus; Ubaidillah, Mohammad
Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Vol 8, No 3 (2023): December
Publisher : Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada jointly with PISPI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ipas.80278

Abstract

A prolonged dry season can cause drought stress and have an unfavorable impact on the growth of tomato plants, resulting in crop failure. Therefore, research is needed on the resistance of tomato varieties to drought stress. The recommended technique for drought resistance screening in tomatoes is in vitro cultivation using Polyethylene Glycol (PEG). The research aimed to obtain new varieties that could be used as promising lines for varieties tolerant to drought stress. The research method used included using ingredients in the form of 5 varieties of tomatoes (Ratna, Intan, Chung, Palupi, and Amelia) and 5 concentrations of PEG chemicals (0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%). Each seed of each tomato variety that had been sterilized using hypochlorite was germinated on MS0 media, then the germinated seeds with a size of ± 0.3 cm were transferred to MS0 + PEG treatment medium with each treatment concentration. The seeds that had been planted on the PEG-treated medium were then observed for growth for ± 4 weeks. The research data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and followed with DMRT at the 5% significance level. Based on the results, Palupi variety is the most tolerant variety, and Ratna variety is the most intolerant variety to drought stress. The higher the concentration of PEG used, the more it inhibits plant height, root length, and fresh weight of the roots.
Effects of seed size and nursery media on the germination and seedling growth of Plukenetia conophora Onwubiko, Nwakuche Chinenye; Enwereji, Raymond Onyedikachi
Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Vol 8, No 3 (2023): December
Publisher : Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada jointly with PISPI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ipas.80771

Abstract

Research on the effects of seed size, soil-based and soilless media to determine the best condition for increased seedling production of African walnut was carried out at the green house of Department of Crop Science and Technology, Federal University of Technology, Owerri. Seed size was categorized into 10.23 to 10.31g (for large seeds) and below 10.23g (for small seeds). Soil-based nursery medium was sawdust mixed with topsoil volume by volume (v/v) 1:1, while soilless was sawdust alone. The experiment was a 2×3 factorial in a complete randomized design with 6 replications. Data were collected on number of days to emergence, plant height at 4, 8, and 12 weeks after planting (WAP), and number of leaves at 4, 8, and 12 WAP. Data collected were tested with analysis of variance (ANOVA), and treatment means were separated with Fishers least significant difference at 5% level of probability. Result showed that large seeds planted on soil-based media performed best in all the assessed traits. The inference is that high quality seedlings of African walnut can be produced by planting large seeds in soil-based media.
Variability of fruit shelf-life of commercial tomatoes and their hybrids crossing with insensitivity ethylene mutant tomato Sletr1-2 Wiguna, Gungun; Bachtiar, Nedya Putri; Anas, Anas; Wicaksana, Noladhi; Mubarok, Syariful; Saadah, Imas Rita
Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Vol 9, No 1 (2024): April
Publisher : Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada jointly with PISPI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ipas.82772

Abstract

Tomatoes are climacteric fruits that experience a surge in respiration rate and ethylene production. This condition affects the fruits’ physiological deterioration, shortens their shelf-life, and degrades the quality of tomatoes. The study aimed to enhance the shelf-life of commercial tomatoes with different genetic backgrounds by utilizing the Sletr1-2 mutant, which has a lower sensitivity to ethylene. A randomized block design (RBD) was applied to achieve this goal, where 12 different plant genotypes were considered as treatments, and each treatment was replicated four times.  The results showed that fruit shelf-life was extended by crossing commercial tomatoes with Sletr1-2 mutant tomatoes. Genetic variability for all shelf-life characteristics were narrow. In contrast, there were broad phenotypic variability for fruit hardness and weight loss characteristics.
Characteristics and classification of the peat at Toba Highland, North Sumatera, Indonesia Sarifuddin, Sarifuddin; Sitohang, Ester Juliana; Mukhlis, Mukhlis
Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Vol 9, No 1 (2024): April
Publisher : Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada jointly with PISPI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ipas.83931

Abstract

Peatland serves as a crucial natural resource with hydrological and other environmental functions essential for all living organisms. In some regions, peat soil isn't limited to lowland areas, it is also found in highland areas. This study is a survey research aiming to examine the characteristics of the highland peatlands of Toba North Sumatera, namely in the Village of Matiti II, Humbang Hasundutan Regency, North Sumatera and lowland peatlands as control of peatlands in general in Sidomulyo Village, Bilah Hilir Subdistrict, Labuhan Batu. The study employed a survey research approach with a descriptive method to determine the differences in the characteristics of highland Toba peat soils. In each area, a representative profile was made, and the soil morphology, characteristics and classification were observed according to the 2014 soil taxonomic classification. Soil samples were taken from each layer in the soil profile for soil analysis in the laboratory. Soil analysis included bulk density, pH H₂O, pH NaF, CEC, base saturation, organic C, total N, C/N, electrical conductivity (EC) and ash content. The results showed that the difference in altitude directly affected the microclimate and the hydrologic conditions, which in turn affected the characteristics of the peat soil. In the context of the Toba highland, the main source of peat soils comes from rainfall. In contrast with the peatland of the lowlands, where the impact of tides is a significant factor, the peat of the Toba highland is affected by the surrounding hills.
Humic acid enriched with urea and NPK factory by-products promoted the growth and yield of Saccharum officinarum L. Aziz, Muhammad Abdul; Fitriyah, Fauziatul; Wahyuni, Sri; Arisandy, Poppy; Fadila, Hana; Siregar, Valdi Muhamad Rafiansyah; Sulastri, Sulastri; Luktyansyah, Insyiah Meida; Priyono, Priyono; Siswanto, Siswanto
Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Vol 9, No 1 (2024): April
Publisher : Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada jointly with PISPI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ipas.83960

Abstract

Nutrient uptake efficiency in sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) must be increased using organic matter to restore soil fertility, resulting in greater productivity. The humic substance is a complex organic material that is excellent for overcoming this challenge. This study aimed to determine the effect of the humic acid enriched by liquid urea by-product (PSUC) and liquid NPK by-product (PSNC) application on the growth and productivity of sugarcane. The experiment was conducted from October 2021 to September 2022 on PT RNI plantation land, Jatitujuh, Majalengka. The research was arranged in a completely randomized (CRD) using two different humic acid product prototypes (PSUC and PSNC) with two evaluation times, a screening and a semi-pilot scale. Solid humic at a dose of 15 Kg ha⁻¹ was applied by mixing it with inorganic fertilizers, while liquid humic at a total dose of 15 L ha⁻¹ was applied by foliar spray technique at 1, 2, and 3 months after planting (MAP). The results showed that applying humic acid PSUC and PSNC enhanced sugarcane shoot growth, segmented stem number, and diameter. In addition, it could consistently promote sugarcane yields on the semi-pilot scale up to 19.18% and 24.26% under humic acid PSUC and PSNC treatments, respectively. Therefore, both in the screening and semi-pilot evaluation, the solid and liquid humic acid PSUC and PSNC applied simultaneously are potential organic materials to enhance sugarcane growth and yield.
Genotyping of rice (Oryza sativa L.) plants according to their root distribution pattern and their tolerance to drought Novitasari, Adin; Rumanti, Indrastuti Apri; Wening, Rina Hapsari; Damanhuri, Damanhuri
Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Vol 8, No 3 (2023): December
Publisher : Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada jointly with PISPI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ipas.84677

Abstract

Drought condition is one of the major problems in producing rice in Indonesia. In plant breeding, selection is the main step to create superior varieties. An indicator of drought stress-tolerant rice varieties is the root distribution pattern because it describes the behavior of the roots in searching for water for photosynthesis and metabolism processes. One of the morphological traits related to drought tolerance in rice is root growth and development. This study aimed to determine the morphological and anatomical characteristics of drought-tolerant rice roots and identify drought-tolerant genotypes. The experiments were arranged in a factorial randomized block design with four replications. The first factor was genotype, consisting of ten genotypes. The second factor was drought stress, consisting of two environments without drought and with drought stress. Drought was given only in the vegetative phase, i.e., 1–14 days after planting. WINDEX analysis was performed to determine rice drought tolerance and identify drought-tolerant genotypes. The results showed that three out of the ten tested genotypes had higher WINDEX values, namely BP30411f (7.62), B13983-KA-6-3 (7.99), and BP29790d-PWK-2-SKI-1-3 (9.25). Based on the root distribution pattern, plants with longer primary root lengths, more seminal roots, longer seminal root lengths, and high root angles were predicted to be drought tolerant characteristics. Selection of these characters could be used in future rice breeding programs to obtain plants with superior genotypes.
Sugarcane leaf litter biomass and its effects on increasing sugarcane drought stress tolerance and reducing CO₂ emissions Kalbuadi, Donny Nugroho; Siswanto, Siswanto; Widiastuti, Happy
Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Vol 9, No 1 (2024): April
Publisher : Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada jointly with PISPI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ipas.85576

Abstract

Burning biomass on sugarcane plantations can lead to pollution (CO₂ emissions) and degradation in soil properties. Adopting non-burning technology can increase the value of biomass by applying it directly to the soil, although this may result in nutrient immobilization, which can hinder optimal plant growth due to high lignin and cellulose content or high CN ratio. On the contrary, composting waste with a decomposer will boost plant nutrient availability and enhance other soil characteristics. This research was aimed to assess the effect of several types of sugarcane organic matter on improving soil characteristics, growth of sugarcane and the CO₂ emissions. The study was conducted using a Completely Randomized Factorial Design with two factors: type of organic matter (control, fresh litter and compost of sugarcane biomass) and level of drought stress (100, 75, 50 and 25%). Incubation occurred over 16 weeks, divided into two phases of 8 weeks each. The results showed that the application of organic materials in the form of compost could reduce water loss caused by environmental heat and sugarcane growing process. Furthermore, compost application improved soil chemical and biological properties by increasing soil pH, total nitrogen (N), total phosphate (P), total potassium (K), and the total microbial population, although differences were not significant compared to the control. Additionally, applying organic matter in the form of compost or litter helped suppress or reduce emissions, with compost treatment proving more effective than litter in reducing CO₂ emissions.

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