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INDONESIA
Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian
Published by Universitas Gadjah Mada
ISSN : -     EISSN : -     DOI : -
Core Subject : Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry
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Articles 547 Documents
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Effects of color shade-net on the growth and yield quality of garlic in the lowlands area Rachma, Izza Azkiya; Sulistyaningsih, Endang; Handayani, Valentina Dwi Suci
Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Vol 10, No 1 (2025): April
Publisher : Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada jointly with PISPI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ipas.98082

Abstract

Garlic is a bulbous plant that grows and produces superb bulb yields in environments with temperatures between 15−25°C and humidity levels of 60−70%. A challenge in garlic growing in lowland areas is the suboptimal bulb growth caused by elevated air temperatures (23−37°C). Through experimentation with the 'Lumbu Putih' variety, predominantly cultivated at low elevations in Gunung Kidul Regency, the use of shade nets is anticipated to modify the microclimate, hence establishing optimal circumstances for garlic plant development. This research specifically targeted to identify the shade net colors that can alter the microclimate to optimize the development, productivity, and quality of garlic production. The study was performed in Logandeng Village, Playen District, Gunung Kidul Regency, Yogyakarta Special Region, at an elevation of approximately 215 meters above sea level. The treatments were organized according to a randomized complete block design (RCBD) including three levels: open land as a control, white shade nets, and black shade nets. Each treatment level comprised five replications organized as blocks. The data collected was analysed by analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the least significant difference (LSD) test at a significance threshold of 5%. The findings indicated that the shade net treatment enhanced the leaf count, leaf surface area, plant development rate, and dry weight per plant. The black shade net treatment yielded a superior quantity of cloves and an increased bulb density relative to the white shade net. According to the findings of structural equation modeling (SEM) study, garlic production is directly controlled by the yield component of 96.2% and indirectly affected by the growth component of 88.3%. The yield and growth component factors that generate direct and positive contributions, as indicated by the Stepwise Multiple Regression analysis, include total root length, plant dry weight, bulb diameter, and clove count.
Utilization of red cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. Capitata L.) anthocyanins as a sensor for nitrite detection in domestic wastewater Rogo, Ben Haryan Adi; Natasya, Vika Aulia; Attamimi, Najwa Sabila; Muliawan, Sidiq; Laila, Farida
Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Vol 10, No 1 (2025): April
Publisher : Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada jointly with PISPI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ipas.98146

Abstract

Monitoring wastewater quality is increasingly essential for enhancing wastewater treatment procedures. Domestic wastewater, produced by residential and commercial operations, contains considerable organic, inorganic, and biological pollutants, including nitrite ions, which provide serious health hazards. This research develops a nitrite detection sensor utilizing anthocyanins derived from red cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. Capitata L.). The extraction utilized ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) using a solvent combination of 96% ethanol, distilled water, and 80% acetic acid, resulting in the maximum anthocyanin content of 7.653 mg/g dry weight. The sensor's performance was assessed in terms of stability, selectivity, and sensitivity. The results demonstrated temperature stability at 30°C, with a retention rate of 98.92%, and selectivity for nitrite was verified in the presence of several possible interfering chemicals. Sensitivity tests indicated a detection threshold of 250 ppm for nitrite. The sensor exhibited a shelf life of 19 hours at ambient temperature (25°C) and 11 days at 5°C.
Genetic parameters and yield potential of Indonesian soybean varieties (Glycine max L.) in wetland during dry season Ridara, Fadila; Fitriani, Riska; Algina, Azka; Ustari, Debby; Karuniawan, Agung
Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Vol 10, No 1 (2025): April
Publisher : Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada jointly with PISPI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ipas.103816

Abstract

Cultivating soybean in wetland areas presents unique challenges, particularly during water-limited conditions like dry season, where yield performance can vary significantly among genotypes. This research aimed to assess the yield potential of Indonesian soybean varieties in wetland during dry season, to estimate genetic parameters, and to determine the relationship among traits. Twenty soybean genotypes were evaluated using Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. Yield components measured included seed weight per plot, number of seeds per plant, and overall yield potential (tons per hectare). The results revealed significant variation among the genotypes. The estimation of genetic parameters indicates that traits comprising plant height, 100-seed weight, and the number of seeds per plant have high heritability and significant CVG/CVP ratios, suggesting efficient genetic selection potential and opportunities for genetic improvement through breeding. Pearson’s correlation network plot shows positive associations between traits, including plant height (PH), weight of biomass (WB), weight of seed per plot (WSP) and yield. 'Deja 1' variety exhibited the highest yield potential at 1.75 tons per hectare, while 'BS 99' variety showed the lowest at 0.18 tons per hectare. These findings underscore the importance of genotype selection in enhancing soybean productivity in water-limited environments. The study offers valuable insights for future breeding programs aimed at improving soybean yields in challenging conditions, such as dry season in wetlands, thereby contributing to sustainable agricultural practices in Indonesia.
The synergistic effects of zeolite and urea fertilizer on improved nitrogen use efficiency in oil palm seedling growth Kautsar, Valensi; Mawandha, Hangger Gahara
Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Vol 10, No 2 (2025): August
Publisher : Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada jointly with PISPI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ipas.93484

Abstract

Nitrogen is an essential nutrient for all plants, including oil palm, and the availability of inorganic nitrogen is crucial for supporting the development of oil palm from the seedling stage. However, the fast-release characteristic of urea often leads to its loss before it can be absorbed by plants, resulting in low fertilizer efficiency. To address this issue, one approach is to combine urea with zeolite, a natural mineral with nutrient retention properties. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of mixing urea with zeolite in oil palm seedlings. During a three-month fertilization application in the oil palm main nursery, conventional fertilization with urea was compared with urea mixed with zeolite, both inactivated and activated, at two percentages: 20% and 40%. The addition of zeolite at various percentages and various zeolite activities produced growth similar to that of urea fertilizer without zeolite. This shows that both activated and non-activated zeolites can be utilized to reduce the amount of urea dosage used in the nursery. The adoption of zeolite at various percentages and levels of activity has the potential to improve nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) in comparison to urea. The application of zeolite led to a significant increase in nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) values. Specifically, the addition of 40% zeolite resulted in considerable NUE values of 18.76% and 22.17% for inactivated and activated zeolite, respectively. In addition to its growth-promoting effects, the use of zeolite in combination with urea can also have cost-saving benefits. The addition of 20% and 40% inactivated zeolite could reduce the cost of nitrogen fertilizer by 27.4% and 36.6%, respectively, compared to 100% urea, making it a more economical option for oil palm plantations. Furthermore, the overall cost of NPK fertilization for three months with inactivated zeolite saved 7.54%-10.09%, while activated zeolite was 5.38%–5.77%.
Utilization of Trichoderma sp. and compost to increase nitrogen in specific soil types as planting media Maroeto, Maroeto; Wijayanti, Fitri; Lestari, Safira Rizka; Maghfiroh, Ainur Risma Miftakhul
Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Vol 10, No 2 (2025): August
Publisher : Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada jointly with PISPI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ipas.96370

Abstract

Nitrogen deficiency dramatically affects plant growth, development, and productivity. This study aims to determine the utilization of Trichoderma sp. and compost in increasing the nitrogen content of several types of soil used as planting media. The research was conducted using an experimental method arranged in a completely randomized design (CRD) factorial pattern. The first factor is the soil types, namely Alfisol, Inceptisol, and Vertisol. The second factor is dose of compost consisting of 4 levels, namely K1 (0 tons ha-1 or no compost), K2 (10 tons ha-1), K3 (20 tons ha-1), and K4 (30 tons ha-1). The third factor is the concentration of Trichoderma sp., which consists of 4 levels, namely T1 (0 CFU ml-1), T2 (106 CFU ml-1), T3 (108 CFU ml-1), and T4 (1010 CFU ml-1). Results showed that the combination of compost and Trichoderma sp. had a natural effect on increasing the N content of each soil type. N-total content from highest to lowest was found in soil types such as Inceptisol (0.384%), Alfisol (0.243%), and Vertisol (0.230%). Combining compost and Trichoderma sp. increases sustainable nitrogen availability and is more environmentally friendly.
Agroclimatic characteristics, nutrient uptake, morphology, and yield of abaca plants (Musa textilis nee) which managed agroforestry in Ngawi Najibunniam, Arly; Susila Putra, Eka Tarwaca; Kurniasih, Budiastuti
Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Vol 10, No 2 (2025): August
Publisher : Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada jointly with PISPI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ipas.104864

Abstract

This research aimed to measure microclimate characteristics,  evaluate abaca plants nutrient uptake, morphology and yield, and determine the optimal microclimate characteristics on abaca cultivation land managed using teak-based agroforestry in the middle and advanced phases in Ngawi. The research was arranged in a nested design. The parameters observed include agroclimatic characteristics, nutrient uptake, physiology and morphology, as well as yield of abaca plants. The middle phase of abaca-teak agroforestry shows higher humidity and lower temperatures than the advanced phase with a difference of 3% and 1.57ºC, respectively. This is because microclimate in the middle phase is more suitable due to the multistrata canopy structure and greater plant diversity. The absorption all of macro and micro nutrients in the middle phase was better than in the advanced phase, indicating that abaca in the middle phase had more nutrient uptake. The morphological traits of abaca in the middle phase were better and significantly different compared to those in the advanced phase, with the differences in plant height variables of 110.11 cm, apparent stem circumference of 7.99 cm, and number of suckers of 5. Furthermore, in terms of yield characteristics, all variables showed that abaca planted in the middle phase was better than the advanced phase, it can be seen the respective differences in the number of banana fronds is 4 blade, the weight of banana fronds is 2.95 kg/plant, the fresh weight of fiber is 353.66 g/plant, and the weight of dry fiber is 120.67 g/plant.
Growth, yield, and yield related characteristics of sweet corn hybrids organically grown in a tropical highland Ladiasmi, Uci; Chozin, Mohammad; Fahrurrozi, Fahrurrozi; Sudjatmiko, Sigit
Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Vol 10, No 2 (2025): August
Publisher : Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada jointly with PISPI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ipas.106571

Abstract

The development of organic sweet corn varieties is ideally addressed to have a good adaptation to a variety of environmental conditions. This study aims to evaluate the performance of 17 sweet corn hybrids, consisting of 15 promising hybrids and 2 commercial hybrids grown organically in the highlands. The study was conducted in Batu City, East Java (1160 m above sea level) and arranged in a completely randomized block design with three replications. Evaluation was carried out on growth performance, productivity, and yield quality. The findings of the study showed that all tested hybrids exhibited good growth performance, as indicated by robust plant and a lot of leave. Nevertheless, Caps 2 x Caps 22, Caps 5 x Caps 17B, Caps 17B x Caps 23, and Caps 22 x Caps 23, respectively, emerged as the best hybrids in terms of overall growth performance. In terms of the productivity and quality of the ears produced, the hybrids Caps 5 x Caps 17B, Caps 5 x Caps 22, Caps 15 x Caps 17A, Caps 17A x Caps 17B, and Caps 17B x Caps 22 demonstrated their superiority in ear yields while meeting all established market quality standards.These findings suggest that, for orgnic production, these five hybrids can serve as the alternative for commercial varieties adressed for conventional production.  Further evaluation on the yield stability across environmental conditions is needed to  make these hybrids more predictable and dependable for the organic growers.
Comparative survey of profitability, production and sustainability between organic and conventional farming (case study on corn, rice and tomato farmers in Minahasa) Rumondor, Fadly Steven Jefry
Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Vol 10, No 2 (2025): August
Publisher : Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada jointly with PISPI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ipas.106738

Abstract

This study aimed to bridge the knowledge gap by comparing productivity (yield), profitability (profit margin per hectare), and sustainability index between organic and conventional systems. This study applied a comparative observational design with two treatment groups: organic and conventional farming. Population observed in this study was farmers cultivating rice, corn, and tomatoes in the study area. Sampling was carried out using stratified random sampling based on crop type, ensuring balanced representation across the two farming systems. The sample size was 100 plots per system, resulting in 200 plots. Assumptions of normality and homogeneity of variances were tested using the Shapiro–Wilk and Levene's tests, respectively. Independent samples t-tests were conducted at α = 0.05 to compare yield, profit margin, and sustainability index between systems. A two-way ANOVA was performed if a system × crop interaction was significant. Power Analysis via Monte Carlo Simulation was performed to ensure the study has sufficient statistical power (≥ 0.80) to detect the expected differences in yield, profit margin, and sustainability index between organic and conventional systems. Organic farming demonstrates robust advantages in profit and sustainability, with promising but variable impacts on yield. Researchers and policymakers should prioritize adequately powered studies when comparing agronomic performance to ensure that subtle yield effects are not overlooked.
Analysis of factors affecting differences in potassium buffering capacity in several soil orders Fajarini, Permata Harty Noor; Hanudin, Eko; Purwanto, Benito Heru
Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Vol 10, No 2 (2025): August
Publisher : Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada jointly with PISPI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ipas.108285

Abstract

Each soil order has different reactivity to potassium ion retention capacity, especially potassium buffering capacity. These differences are related to soil characteristics, including clay mineral content and type, cation exchange capacity, and soil texture class. This study compared the potassium buffering capacity (PBCk) of Andisols, Alfisols, Inceptisols, and Vertisols. The PBCk experiment reacted 2.5 grams of air-dried soil (passing a 0.5 mm sieve) and 25 ml of KCl solution with a series of concentrations of 0, 25, 50, 75, 125, 150, 175, 200, 225, and 250 ppm. Then, it was shaken for 24 hours to reach equilibrium conditions. The next day, the solution was centrifuged to obtain a clear solution. The remaining K content in the equilibrium solution was measured using a flame photometer. The amount of K read was calculated to obtain the Q/I factor and PBCk value from the gapon equation. The Q/I relationship was used to estimate PBCk values for each soil order with changes in K in the solution or Q (∆K) as the X axis and the intensity of K or I (CRk) as the Y axis. Then, the K intensity data were connected to the PBCk results to determine the buffer capacity of the four soil orders. Vertisols showed the highest PBCk (1.099 cmol kg-1/mol L-1)0.5, followed by Andisols, Alfisols, and Inceptisols. The determining factors include clay minerals in the form of smectite (2:1), high CEC value, and soil texture dominated by clay.
Growth and development of ‘sweet net 9’ melon (Cucumis melo L.) in NFT hydroponics as affected by pruning leaves below fruits and foliar application of potassium sulphate (K2SO4) Pramono, Mellinia Valentiningtyas; Sulistyaningsih, Endang; Murti, Rudi Hari
Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Vol 10, No 2 (2025): August
Publisher : Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada jointly with PISPI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ipas.109300

Abstract

Leaf pruning reduces resource competition, directing assimilates to fruit development, while aging plants require supplemental K to support nutrient uptake. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of pruning leave below fruits and foliar application of K₂SO₄ on fruit weight and quality. The experiment was conducted over three months (October–December 2024) in a screenhouse at Pondok Pesantren Aqwamu Qila, Bantul, Yogyakarta. Sampling and analysis were carried out at the Crop Production Management Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada. A split-plot design was used with two factors, namely K₂SO₄ concentrations (0, 1, 2, 3 g/L) as the main plot and pruning (with/without) as the subplot, resulting in 8 treatment combinations replicated in 3 blocks. Data were analyzed using split-plot ANOVA in R-Studio, followed by DMRT at a 95% confidence level when significant differences were found. The study showed that pruning significantly increased leaf length (16.49%) and width (20.89%). The application of 0 g/L K₂SO₄ produced the highest harvest index (0.49), though not significantly different compared to that of 2 g/L and 3 g/L. Combining leaf pruning with 2 g/L K₂SO₄ resulted in a high leaf area and LAI (5.68), comparable to non-pruned plants with 3 g/L K₂SO₄ (5.83). This combination also yielded the highest fruit potassium content (1.90%) but lowered fruit sweetness (8.65 ˚Brix). The elevated potassium content may provide health benefits, particularly in reducing blood pressure.

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