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INDONESIA
Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian
Published by Universitas Gadjah Mada
ISSN : -     EISSN : -     DOI : -
Core Subject : Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry
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Articles 567 Documents
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Improving Phosphate-Solubilizing Rhizobacteria Strains via Mutation to Enhance Phosphorus Availability in Acidic Soils Adin Heriyan Nugroho; Faizzah Kahfi Putri; Hamda Hamidatu Sya'diyah; Aprilia Fatmawati; Hafidho Muntazul Ghiffar; Eka Oktaviani
Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Vol 11, No 1 (2026): April
Publisher : Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada jointly with PISPI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ipas.111550

Abstract

Acid-dry land is a suboptimal land area widely distributed in Indonesia, which has the potential to be developed as cropland to increase crop productivity. However, the low phosphorus availability in this land type often constrains plant growth, necessitating the use of microbial phosphate-solubilizing agents. To address this, the capability of the isolated rhizobacteria strain in phosphate solubilization was improved through a mutagenesis by Ethyl Methane Sulphonate (EMS). Three isolates of indigenous wild-type rhizobacteria of acid-dry land were isolated from cardamom, lemon grass, and bamboo rhizosphere. Mutagenesis of these wild-types yielded three mutant isolates, including KPG_m, SRH_m, and BMB_m, which exhibited higher Phosphate-Solubilization Indices (PSI) compared to their parental strains. The PSI values for the mutants were 2.2, 3.4, and 2.0, respectively, showing a marked improvement over the wild-type values of 2.0, 1.75, and 1.25. These results indicate an enhancement in phosphate-solubilizing ability driven by EMS mutagenesis. All the isolates were then characterized and showed similar traits to those of the Genus of Bacillus. According to the hypersensitive reaction assay, the six isolates showed a negative reaction, indicating they are non-pathogenic. Based on these findings, the mutants have the potential to be developed as biofertilizer agents due to they are non-pathogenic for plants. In addition, the mutants have a moderate PSI value (2<PSI<4) and effective solubilization rate that may improve phosphate solubilization process in acid-dry land.
Characterization of Local Muhfud Avocado from West Bangka as a Germplasm Conservation Strategy in Bangka Belitung Riski Meliya Ningsih; Helda Susianti; Lesta Lesta; Alaini Lise; Amanda Saputri
Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Vol 11, No 1 (2026): April
Publisher : Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada jointly with PISPI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ipas.112741

Abstract

West Bangka Regency has significant potential from its local avocado accession, Muhfud, which has been cultivated and adapted to local agroecological conditions for decades. However, this accession has not been registered as a variety, rendering it vulnerable to genetic erosion and misappropriation. This study aimed to characterize the morphological traits of Muhfud avocado accession from West Bangka Regency as a step toward preserving local germplasm. Qualitative and quantitative morphological observations were performed on vegetative, generative, and fruit traits. The study was conducted from August to October 2025, employing purposive sampling on five trees, including the original parent tree. Characterization followed the descriptor for avocado, encompassing tree organs, leaves, flowers, fruits, and seeds. The results indicate that Muhfud accession exhibits distinctive morphological features, such as a semi-circular tree architecture, type B flowering, a clavate fruit shape with buttery-smooth, doughy texture, and fruits that are longer with thinner skin compared to other local varieties such as Muntok accession. Variations in mean values and standard deviations of quantitative morphological characters (particularly fruit weight of 358.40 ± 29.04 g, tree height of 5.90 ± 2.32 m, and stem circumference of 70.12 ± 26.67 cm for Muhfud accession) suggest strong genetic potential and adaptation to the local agroecological conditions of West Bangka Regency. These characteristics support the development of locally adapted, productive, and storage-resilient superior varieties. In conclusion, the findings contribute to germplasm conservation efforts and the advancement of local avocado breeding programs in tropical Indonesia.
Comparative Analysis of Chicken Manure and NPK Fertilizer on Profitability and Environmental Impact in Food Crop Farming in Tomohon Fadly Steven Jefry Rumondor; Geyby Kumolontang; Heibert Lintong
Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Vol 11, No 1 (2026): April
Publisher : Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada jointly with PISPI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ipas.113909

Abstract

Chicken manure improves soil fertility by adding organic matter and enhancing soil structure, while NPK fertilizer provides fast, readily available nutrients. This study compared both fertilization strategies in rice and corn farming in Tomohon City, focusing on profitability, production costs, environmental impacts, and factors influencing farmers’ choices. A comparative observational method was used with 120 farmers selected through simple random sampling. Results showed that NPK fertilizer generated higher profits in corn farming, but no significant difference was found in rice. Meanwhile, chicken manure resulted in more cost-efficient production. Environmentally, chicken manure improved soil quality by increasing pH toward neutral, raising organic carbon (>2.7%), enhancing cation exchange capacity, and reducing nitrate residues and exchangeable aluminum—key indicators of long-term soil health in volcanic soils. In contrast, NPK fertilizer contributed to soil degradation, including declining pH, reduced organic matter, and accumulation of nitrate and exchangeable aluminum, which may harm root development and increase groundwater contamination risks. Farmers’ fertilizer choices are influenced by technical, economic, institutional, and socio-cultural factors. Overall, the findings highlight the importance of integrated fertilization strategies combining organic and inorganic inputs to balance short-term profitability and long-term sustainability. Policy efforts should focus on promoting integrated nutrient management, strengthening extension services, and providing incentives for environmentally sustainable practices to improve farm outcomes while preserving soil health.
Genetic Variability of Shallot Genotypes Induced by Salicylic Acid Under Drought Conditions Khusnul Khotimah; M. Jusuf Randi; Roni Roni; Farsya Azizah
Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Vol 11, No 1 (2026): April
Publisher : Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada jointly with PISPI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ipas.113972

Abstract

Shallots (Allium cepa L. var. aggregatum) are an important horticultural commodity in Indonesia whose production is highly susceptible to drought stress. This study aims to evaluate the effect of salicylic acid (SA) induction on improving morphological traits and yield components traits under drought conditions and to analyze genetic variability in five shallot varieties. The experimental design used was a Completely Randomized Design-Split Plot Design with 3 replications. The main plot treatment was the variety factor (V) and the subplot factor was the salicylic acid concentration factor (S). The V factor consisted of 5 varieties, namely V1 = Bima Brebes, V2 = Bima Juna, V3 = Tajuk, V4 = Nganjuk Bauci and V5 = Superphilip. While the S factor consisted of 2 levels, namely S0 = without SA (control), and S1 = 1 mM salicylic acid. Each treatment combination was planted under drought stress conditions. The parameters observed included Leaf length , Leaf Number/clump/, dry leaf weight, dry root weight, bulbs number, dry bulbs weight. And dry bulbs weight/clump. Data analysis was carried out using ANOVA and continued with Duncan's advanced test at the 5% level to determine differences between treatments, in addition to calculations of genetic and phenotypic variance, genetic diversity coefficients and broad-sense heritability estimates. The results of the study confirmed that salicylic acid can improve morphological traits and yield components in all varieties. The V1 variety (Bima Brebes) resulting from SA induction tends to have the best improvement in both morphology and yield components. The genetic diversity coefficient has a value ranging from 8.32-31.66%, where high values of Genetic Variation Coefficient (GVC) (>20%) are found in the traits of leaf number/clump, dry leaf weight, dry root weight, bulbs number, dry bulbs weight and dry bulbs weight/clump. Traits with high GVC values can possibly be used as selection parameters. In addition, high broad-sense heritability values (>50%) were found for the Leaf Number/clump, bulbs dry weight, and bulbs dry weight/clump, with estimated values of 52.37%, 50.67%, and 60.19%, respectively. The high broad-sense heritability estimates indicate that these three traits are predominantly genetically controlled.
Synergistic Effects of Organic and Potassium Fertilization on Soil Properties and Pinto Bean Performance Seyedeh Sara Sohrabi Sedeh
Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Vol 11, No 1 (2026): April
Publisher : Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada jointly with PISPI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ipas.114127

Abstract

Low organic matter in many Iranian soils leads to soil structural degradation and reduced crop productivity. Applying chicken manure offers a cost-effective organic amendment that improves soil quality by supplying organic matter and nutrients through gradual release. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of chicken manure and potassium fertilizer on pinto bean yield and determine soil physical and chemical properties under field conditions. The experiment was arranged in a split-plot design within a randomized complete block design with three replications. Chicken manure was applied to main plots at four rates (0, 5, 10, and 15 t ha⁻¹), while potassium fertilizer, supplied as potassium sulfate (K₂O), was applied to sub-plots at four levels (0, 100, 175, and 250 kg ha⁻¹). Yield components of pinto bean and soil physical and chemical properties were measured. The results indicated that both chicken manure and potassium fertilizer significantly increased pinto bean seed yield, with the highest yield obtained at 15 t ha⁻¹ of chicken manure combined with 250 kg ha⁻¹ of potassium fertilizer. The application of both inputs also enhanced yield components, including number of pods per plant, harvest index, and seed protein content. Chicken manure significantly improved soil physical properties by increasing water infiltration rate, saturated moisture, and total porosity, while reducing bulk density. It also enhanced soil chemical properties by increasing electrical conductivity, soil organic carbon, and available phosphorus, as well as lowering soil pH. In contrast, potassium fertilizer primarily increased soil electrical conductivity and reduced the final infiltration rate. The results demonstrate that chicken manure substantially improves soil quality and pinto bean productivity. The integration of organic and chemical fertilizers can be considered an effective and sustainable nutrient management strategy for improving soil fertility in low-organic-matter soils.
Enhancing Physiological Quality of Aged Pak Choi (Brassica rapa L.) Seeds Through Different Invigoration Methods Sarah Sakinah Umadi; Adhitya Vishnu Pradana
Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Vol 11, No 1 (2026): April
Publisher : Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada jointly with PISPI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ipas.116066

Abstract

Seed deterioration during storage significantly reduces the viability and productivity of pak choi (Brassica rapa L.). This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of various synthetic and bio-organic invigoration agents combined with different soaking durations to restore the physiological quality of aged seeds (initial germination of 31%). The experiment was arranged in a factorial split-plot design. The main plots consisted of seven invigorating solvents: water (S1), shallot extract 50% (S2), mung bean sprout extract 5% (S3), bamboo shoot extract (S4), KNO₃ 1% (S5), GA₃ 100 ppm (S6), and PEG 6000 10% (S7). The sub-plots were three soaking durations: 15 (V1), 30 (V2), and 60 minutes (V3). The results indicated that a 30-minute soaking duration (V2) provided the optimal physiological window for metabolic repair without compromising desiccation tolerance. 10% PEG 6000 and 50% shallot extract emerged as the superior activators, consistently yielding the highest germination rates (up to 95.11%) and vigor indices (97.33%). While 10% PEG 6000 optimized post-emergence biomass, 50% shallot extract acted as a potent biostimulant due to its endogenous phytohormones. Furthermore, Radicle Emergence (RE) testing at 22 hours was identified as the most accurate diagnostic tool for predicting final germination capacity, particularly for the 30-minute treatment (R2 = 0.9943). Conversely, bamboo shoot extract (S4) exhibited a strong inhibitory effect, likely due to allelopathic phenolic compounds, and is not recommended for invigoration. In conclusion, hydropriming or shallot extract treatment for 30 minutes offers a practical and effective strategy for rehabilitating aged pak choi seeds.
Seed Quality Maintenance of Organic Corn Under Ambient Conditions: Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines Lucille Elna Parreño-de Guzman; Daphne Cassandra Hilario Gonzales; Dormita R de Carmen; Alma Katrina Blesilda M Gonzales; Liza Lorena E Eustaquio
Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Vol 11, No 1 (2026): April
Publisher : Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada jointly with PISPI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ipas.116890

Abstract

Local research and published literature on the physiological and biochemical qualities after storage of organic seeds are currently lacking. Most of the available studies are from international sources and primarily focus on the health benefits of organic produce and products, as well as on yield and meat quality of livestock fed with organic products. Therefore, this research was conducted from April 2021 to October 2023 to develop a storage protocol for organic corn that is practical and adaptable to the conditions of smallholder farmers. Organic corn seeds were collected from farmers in Batanes, Ifugao, Kalinga, and Mountain Province. After initial quality tests, seeds with moisture content (MC) of 10% and below were stored for nine months under ambient conditions at UPLB. Packaging containers used were glass and plastic bottles with silica gel and drying beads as desiccants. Storage of organic corn seeds inside glass bottles with either drying beads or silica gel, under ambient conditions and MC of 10% and below, can maintain high germination and seedling emergence after nine months of storage. From the initial range of 89-97%, germination remained high at 81-97% after nine months of storage, which was confirmed by the high seedling emergence results. This implies that organic seeds, with MC of 10% and below, can be stored in glass bottles for nine months or more under ambient room conditions. This result is particularly valuable for organic farmers who lack access to cold storage facilities but need to store their seeds for the next planting season.
Growth, Yield, and Fruit Quality of Two Hydroponic Melon Cultivars under Varying Topping Management Lailan Aulia Nadhiroh; Valentina Dwi Suci Handayani; Eka Tarwaca Susila Putra
Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Vol 11, No 2 (2026): August
Publisher : Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada jointly with PISPI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ipas.108768

Abstract

Melon (Cucumis melo L.) is an economically important horticultural crop in Indonesia, and its growth, yield, and fruit quality are strongly influenced by the balance between vegetative and reproductive growth. Excessive vegetative growth after fruit set can reduce fruit size and quality by competing with developing fruits for assimilates. Topping to regulate the number of leaves retained above the fruit may improve fruit development; however, information regarding the appropriate leaf retention level under hydroponic conditions remains limited, particularly for cultivars with contrasting leaf morphologies. [EA1.1][L1.2]This study evaluated whether broad- and narrow-leaf hydroponic melon cultivars respond differently to leaf retention level and identified a practical topping strategy for hydroponic melon production. Two cultivars, Sweet Hami (broad-leaf) and Dalmatian (narrow-leaf), were grown using a Dynamic Root Floating Technique (DRFT) system and subjected to four topping levels equivalent to retaining 8, 12, 16, and 20 leaves above the fruit. Sweet Hami showed a stronger response to leaf retention in terms of leaf area development and fruit weight, while Dalmatian exhibited a more gradual response. Retaining 16 leaves above the fruit resulted in favorable fruit weight and total soluble solids without excessive vegetative growth in both cultivars. These findings suggest that topping at the 17th internode may serve as a practical shoot management strategy for improving yield and fruit quality, while providing a useful reference for optimizing source-sink balance in hydroponic melon production across cultivars with different leaf morphologies.
Morphological Characterization of F1 Hybrids Pitcher Plant (Nepenthes spp.) in North Sumatra, Indonesia Putri Lukmanasari; Tati Maharani; Ernita Ernita; Mardaleni Mardaleni; Siti Yuli Meilanda Sormin
Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Vol 11, No 2 (2026): August
Publisher : Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada jointly with PISPI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ipas.112637

Abstract

Pitcher plants (Nepenthes spp.) are unique and interesting flora that have been widely cultivated as ornamental plants. This species is attractive due to its pitcher shape and diverse colors. Sumatera Island is the second largest center of Nepenthes diversity in the world after Kalimantan Island. Each pitcher plant hybrid has diverse quantitative and qualitative characteristics. This study aimed to describe 18 quantitative and 33 qualitative characteristics of pitcher plants based on morphological markers. This study was conducted in North Sumatra Province in the HPH PT. Teluk Nauli area of Mandailing Natal Regency, Tarutung, North Tapanuli Regency, and Lake Siais, South Tapanuli Regency. The materials used in this study were pitcher plant hybrids, namely Nepenthes mirabilis x N. sumatrana, N. eustachya x N. sumatrana, and N. eustachya x N. mirabilis, with each species consisting of three individuals obtained from the exploration of the sampling locations. The results indicated that N. mirabilis x N. sumatrana exhibited superior traits, including larger pitcher size, wider peristome, and greater color variation highlighting its high ornamental and adaptive potential. N. eustachya x N. sumatrana showed relatively stable intermediate characteristics, while N. eustachya x N. mirabilis displayed unique pitcher morphology and moderate vigor. These findings emphasize the value of hybrids for breeding and the importance of conserving genetic for sustainable Nepenthes utilization.
Exploration of Pesticide-Tolerant Indigenous Bacteria from Shallot Monoculture Farm Zulfa Fatmawati; Anjar Cahyaningtyas; Maulana Khafid Arrohman; Yanisworo Wijaya Ratih; Dias Setiyani; Rio Triatmojo Nugroho; Bima Wirayuda Nugraha
Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Vol 11, No 2 (2026): August
Publisher : Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada jointly with PISPI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ipas.113215

Abstract

Intensive and prolonged use of methomyl and abamectin in Indonesian horticultural systems has raised concerns about soil contamination and the decline of beneficial microbial communities. This study aimed to isolate and characterize indigenous soil bacteria capable of tolerating and potentially degrading these pesticides. Soil samples were collected from a shallot field with a long history of pesticide application in Kendal, Central Java, and cultured on minimal salt medium (MSM) supplemented with methomyl, abamectin, or their combination at concentrations of 0, 25, 50, 75, and 100 ppm. A total of 88 bacterial colonies were observed and categorized into four morphotypes, namely isolates W, C, Y, and R. Growth assays revealed that isolates W and C demonstrated the highest tolerance, indicated by the highest optical density (OD) and maintaining viability across all pesticide treatments, although reduced growth was observed under combined pesticide exposure. Several isolates exhibited increased optical density after 72 hours, suggesting potential physiological adaptation to xenobiotic stress conditions. Isolates with the highest growth performance under pesticide application were identified through 16S rRNA sequencing as Acinetobacter baumannii, Bacillus subtilis, and Brevibacillus nitrificans. Pathogenicity tests were performed on tobacco leaves to ensure their safety for agricultural applications. No necrosis, chlorosis, or leaf spotting was observed up to seven days after inoculation, indicating that all isolates were non-pathogenic under the conditions tested. Overall, the indigenous isolates, particularly isolates W and C, show high tolerance to methomyl and abamectin applications and thus have the potential as candidates for microbial-based bioremediation of methomyl- and abamectin-contaminated soils. Further investigation into their degradation pathways, enzymatic mechanisms, and field-scale performance is required to support their application in sustainable agricultural management.

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