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Metalurgi

metalurgi
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Published by BRIN Publishing

ISSN : 01263188 EISSN : 24433926 DOI : 10.55981/metalurgi

Core Subject : Science, Engineering,

Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Materials Science & Nanotechnology

The objective of this journal is the online media for disseminating results in Research and Development and also as a media for a scientist and researcher in the field of Metallurgy and Materials. The scope if this journal related on: Advanced materials and Nanotechnology Materials and Mineral characterization and Analysis Metallurgy process: extractive Ceramic and composite Corrosion and its technological protection Mineral resources manifestation Modelling and simulation in materials and metallurgy Engineering Metallurgy instrument

Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Material (semua kategori) - Ilmu Material (Lain-Lain)

Articles 287 Documents

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PENGKAYAAN UNSUR YTTRIUM DAN CERIUM PADA TERAK TIMAH BANGKA: ANALISIS TERMODINAMIKA Sulaksana Permana; Debby Rachel; Agus Budi Prasetyo; Rafdi Abdul Majid; Wahyu Kartika; Iwan Susanto; Johny Wahyuadi M
Metalurgi Vol 35, No 2 (2020): Metalurgi Vol. 35 No. 2 Agustus 2020
Publisher : National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN)

Beberapa negara melakukan penelitian untuk mendapatkan sumber unsur tanah jarang (UTJ) dikarenakan dominasi suplai UTJ oleh negara China. Beberapa penelitian sebelumnya menunjukkan adanya sumber UTJ dari proses penambangan dan pemurnian timah di kepulauan Bangka Belitung. Pada penelitian ini terak timah Bangka (TTB) dilakukan serangkaian kondisi proses untuk mendapatkan hasil pengkayaan yttrium dan cerium yang optimal. Proses yang dilakukan adalah dengan melakukan pemanggangan TTB pada suhu 900⁰C, pelindian dengan NaOH, pelindian dengan HNO3 dan terakhir pelindian dengan H3PO4 dengan variasi konsentrasi. Hasil yang didapatkan adalah kadar optimal cerium 4,39 % setelah kondisi proses pelindian NaOH dan kadar yttrium mengalami peningkatan terus pada seluruh kondisi proses serta didapatkan kadar optimal 1,35 % setelah dilakukan pelindian dengan HNO3 2M dan H3PO4 1,5 M.

Pengaruh Anneal Hardening Dan % Reduksi Warm Rolling Terhadap Sifat Mekanik Paduan Cu-Zn 70/30 [Influence of Anneal Hardening And Warm Rolling % Reduction To Mechanical Properties of Cu-Zn 70/30] Eka Febriyanti; Dedi Priadi; Rini Riastuti
Metalurgi Vol 31, No 1 (2016): Metalurgi Vol. 31 No. 1 April 2016
Publisher : National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN)

Copper alloy has many uses in industry. However, in its application requires high mechanical properties. Therefore, copper alloys has been hardened conventionally by solution and/or precipitation hardening and dispersion hardening then is experienced with anneal hardening mechanism through an annealing process at 150-300 °C. In this research, Cu-Zn 70/30 alloys was subjected to warm rolling with 50% and 60% in reduction percentage followed by annealing. Several examinations was done after warm rolling such as microhardness testing, tensile testing, metallography, and FESEM (field emission scanning electron microscope). The results show that anneal hardening was occured at 300 °C followed by increasing of hardness value, tensile strength, and decreasing of elongation. Anneal hardening mechanism in Cu-Zn 70/30 was obtained by increasing % reduction during warm rolling and anneal process. This is caused by Zn element which is segregated into dislocation and observed with FESEM analysis as deformation band. With increasing of % reduction to Cu-Zn 70/30 alloy will also results denser and thicker deformation bands.AbstrakPaduan tembaga memiliki banyak kegunaan dalam bidang industri. Namun, dalam aplikasinya membutuhkan sifat mekanis yang tinggi. Oleh karena paduan tembaga sulit dilakukan pengerasan secara konvensional seperti alloying, precipitation hardening, dan dispersion hardening maka yang dilakukan adalah dengan mekanisme anneal hardening melalui proses anil pada suhu 150-300 °C. Pada penelitian ini, paduan Cu-Zn 70/30 dilakukan warm rolling pada suhu 300 °C dengan presentase reduksi 50% dan 60%. Karakterisasi yang dilakukan setelah proses di atas adalah uji kekerasan secara mikro, uji tarik, pengamatan metalografi, dan analisa dengan FESEM (field emission scanning electron microscope). Hasil pemeriksaan menunjukkan bahwa efek anneal hardening muncul pada suhu 300 °C yang diikuti dengan peningkatan nilai kekerasan dan kekuatan tarik, namun persen elongasinya menurun. Dengan semakin besarnya % reduksi warm rolling diikuti dengan proses anneal yang dilakukan terhadap paduan Cu-Zn 70/30 mengakibatkan terjadinya anneal hardening. Hal ini disebabkan karena adanya unsur Zn yang tersegregasi dalam dislokasi dan teramati dengan FESEM sebagai pita-pita deformasi (deformation band). Dengan meningkatnya % reduksi yang diberikan pada paduan juga akan menghasilkan pita-pita deformasi yang semakin rapat dan tebal.

PENGARUH KOMPOSISI LARUTAN TERHADAP KANDUNGAN Mo DALAM LAPISAN PADUAN Ni-Mo SECARA ELEKTROPLATING Sri Mulyaningsih; Budi Priyono
Metalurgi Vol 26, No 3 (2011): Metalurgi Vol. 26 No. 3 Desember 2011
Publisher : National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN)

Telah dilakuka n penelitian tentang pembuatan lapisan paduan Ni-Mo yang akan digunakan sebagai lapisan bond coat untuk lapisan tahan temperatur tinggi (TBC). Penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan bahan dasar plat nikel 99% yang diroll dan dibentuk sampel berukuran 25 x 50 x 2 mm. Sampel kemudian diberi lapisan dengan cara elektroplating menggunakan larutan yang terdiri dari NiSO4 , Na2MoO4 , C8H8O7. Komposisi larutan divarisikan menjadi 5 jenis larutan dengan perbandingan; I. 0,1 : 0,1: 0,1 mol, II. 0,075 : 0,125 : 0,1 mol, III. 0,050 : 0,100 ,0,1 mol, IV. 0,025 : 0,125: 0,1 moll dan V. 0,001 : 0,2 : 0,1 mol. Proses dilakukan pada suhu ruang dengan rapt arus 0,1 A/dm2. Dari hasil percobaan diperoleh bahwa larutan III menghasilkan lapisan dengan kadar Mo terbaik yaitu 21,19%. AbstractThere has been done the experiment about electro deposition Ni-Mo alloy as a bond coat layer for high temperature resistance coating, known as Thermal barrier coating (TBC). The sample is made from Nickel 99%. Roll process was done to thinning the samples and then cut the material into 25 x 50 x 2 mm shape. Electroplating process was done on the surface of materials by mixed NiSO4, Na2MoO4 and C8H8O7 for the solution. Electroplating process was carried out at 0,1-0,6 A/dm2 at room temperature. Composition of the solution was varied within I. 0,1 : 0,1: 0,1 mol, II. 0,075 : 0,125 : 0,1 mol, III. 0,050 : 0,100 , 0,1 mol, IV. 0,025 : 0,125: 0,1 moll and V. 0,001 : 0,2 : 0,1 mol. The best Mo content from the experiment is NiMo coating from solution III, it was 21,19 %.

INCREASING OF METAL RECOVERY IN LEACHING PROCESS OF SPENT CATALYST AT LOW TEMPERATURE: THE ADDITION OF HYDROGEN PEROXIDE AND SODIUM CHLORIDE Kevin Cleary Wanta; Edward Yonathan Natapraja; Ratna Frida Susanti; Gelar Panji Gemilar; Widi Astuti; Himawan Tri Bayu Murti Petrus
Metalurgi Vol 36, No 2 (2021): Metalurgi Vol. 36 No. 2 Agustus 2021
Publisher : National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN)

One of the factors that affect the leaching process of a mineral source is the mineral characteristics of the raw materials. Not all mineral phases can be leached directly and completely. Thus, some minerals require special treatment so that the leaching process can take place optimally. This study will focus on studying the effect of additive compounds addition, i.e. hydrogen peroxide and sodium chloride, in the leaching process of spent catalyst using a sulfuric acid solution. The leaching process was carried out at a concentration of 1 M sulfuric acid solution for 240 minutes at room temperature. The hydrogen peroxide concentration was varied at 0–9%v/v, while the sodium chloride concentration was varied at 0–0.8 mol/L. The experimental results showed that the two additive compounds were able to increase nickel recovery significantly. The highest nickel recovery of 95.08% was achieved when hydrogen peroxide was used at 9%v/v. The nickel recovery is 3.5 times higher than without the addition of hydrogen peroxide. Meanwhile, sodium chloride concentration of 0.8 mol/L was able to provide the highest nickel recovery of 50.38% or an increase of 1.9 times compared to without the addition of sodium chloride.

PROSES PEMBUATAN MATERIAL SUPERKONDUKTOR BSCCO DENGAN METODA PADATAN Lusiana Lusiana
Metalurgi Vol 29, No 1 (2014): Metalurgi Vol.29 No.1 April 2014
Publisher : National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN)

MODEL ISOTERM ADSORPSI LITIUM DARI BRINE WATER, BOGOR MENGGUNAKAN ADSORBEN HYDROUS MANGANESE OXIDE (HMO) Mhd Yasin Siregar
Metalurgi Vol 34, No 3 (2019): Metalurgi Vol. 34 No. 3 Desember 2019
Publisher : National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN)

The latest industrial revolution or fourth generation is driving computer-based automation systems. The development of science and technology in computers increases the demand for the use of secondary Li-ion batteries. Lithium is an important raw material for cathode materials in rechargeable batteries. At present the need for lithium (Li) is increasing very high, due to the wide range of uses as raw material for rechargeable batteries. Until now the main source of lithium comes from brine water and lithium ores such as spodumene. Brine is one of the most important sources of lithium. Brine water from Ciseeng, Bogor contains 50-80 ppm lithium. Adsorption is a fairly good method for recovering lithium from brine. The adsorbent used is the result of acid activation from the precursors with the method of making solid state. Adsorption is done by varying the adsorbent dose 5; 7.5; 10; 12.5; and 15 g / L and adsorption process time 0.5; 1; 2; 3; 4; and 24 hours to determine the percent of adsorption, adsorption selectivity and the type of adsorption that occurs. The highest dose of lithium adsorption was 7.5 g / L with 7.28% lithium adsorption with selectivity values of αLi / Na 0.92 and αLi / K 1.18. Percentage of lithium adsorption with the highest time variation is at 24 hours with lithium adsorption percentage of 15.33% with selectivity values of αLi / Na 2.38 and αLi /K 0.89 at a dose of 7.5 g / L. The adsorption isotherm shows that Li adsorption follows the Freundlich isotherm model because the R2 value is higher than the Langmuir isotherm model, so the adsorption that occurs is physical adsorption (physiosorption) and forms a multilayer layer.

Penelitian Dan Analisis Metalurgi Pada Cacat Permukaan Lubang Utama Dari Komponen Paduan Aluminium Hasil Permesinan Untuk Bagian Sayap Pesawat Terbang (Aileron) [Metallurgical Assesment of Main Bore Surface Defect of A Machined Aluminum Alloy Aileron Block] D.N. Adnyana
Metalurgi Vol 31, No 3 (2016): Metalurgi Vol. 31 No. 3 Desember 2016
Publisher : National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN)

A newly machined aileron block was reportedly exhibiting several pits on its particular main bore area after it has been subjected to sulfuric anodizing process. This defective machined aileron block was made of aluminum alloy AA 2618 forging, designed to accommodate some moving parts internally and connected to a mechanism that may allow the movement of aircraft aileron. In order to determine type and factors that may have caused the occurrence of surface defect on the main bore area of the machined aileron block, it was considered to perform a metallurgical assessment. A number of specimens were prepared for laboratory examinations which included macroscopic examination, chemical composition analysis, metallographic examination, hardness test and SEM (scanning electron microscopy) examination equipped with EDS (energy dispersive spectroscopy) analysis. Results of the metallurgical assessment obtained show that the surface defect occurred on the main bore area of the machined aileron block is mainly influenced by the presence of large precipitates in the aluminum matrix phase of the aileron block material. Formation of these large precipitates may have reduced their coherency with the matrix phase of the aluminum alloy and hence could easily detach them from the surface during machining and formed several abandoned pits thereonAbstrakSebuah aileron block hasil proses permesinan dilaporkan memperlihatkan sejumlah sumuran pada dinding bagian dalam dari lubang utama setelah diberi proses anodisasi sulfurik. Aileron block yang cacat tersebut terbuat dari paduan aluminium AA 2618 hasil proses tempa dan dirancang untuk mengakomodasi pergerakan komponen-komponen di dalamnya yang terhubung dengan suatu mekanisme sehingga memungkinkan terjadi gerakan pada aileron di bagian sayap pesawat terbang. Untuk menentukan jenis dan faktor-faktor yang mungkin telah menyebabkan terjadinya cacat permukaan pada bagian lubang utama dari aileron block tersebut, maka diperlukan untuk melakukan pengujian dan analisis metalurgi. Sejumlah benda uji disiapkan untuk pengujian laboratoriumya itu terdiri dari uji makroskopik, analisa komposisi kimia, uji metalografi, uji kekerasan dan uji SEM (scanning electron microscopy) yang dilengkapi dengan analisa EDS (energy dispersive spectroscopy). Hasil pengujian dan analisis metalurgi yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa cacat permukaan yang terjadi pada dinding bagian lubang utama aileron block tersebut utamanya dipengaruhi oleh pembentukan endapan partikel (presipitat) berukuran besar di dalam matrik fasa aluminium aileron block tersebut. Pembentukan partikel/presipitat yang besar tersebut telah menurunkan ikatan koherensi dengan matrik fasa aluminium dan mengakibatkan pertikel tersebut mudah terlepas dari permukaan selama proses permesinan dan membentuk/meninggalkan sejumlah lubang sumuran di sana.

Sintesis Li1,37Mn2O4 Dengan Metoda Solid-State Reaction dan Hidrothermal (Synthesis of Li1,37Mn2O4 by Using Solid State Reaction and Hydrothermal Methods) Etty Wigayati; Ibrahim Purawiardi
Metalurgi Vol 33, No 2 (2018): Metalurgi Vol. 33 No. 2 Agustus 2018
Publisher : National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN)

Li1.37Mn2O4 as cathode on Lithium ion battery has been synthesized by SSR (solid-state reaction) and HT (hydrothermal) methods. The starting materials used were Li2CO3 and MnO2 for SSR method, with a calcination temperature of 700 oC and a sintering temperature of 900 oC. For the HT method, the starting materials used were LiOH and MnO2, at temperature of 200 oC for 90 hours duration. XRD (x-ray diffraction) pattern of SSR sample shows that spinel cubic structure of Li1.33Mn1.667O4 and FCC (face-centered cubic) structure of LiMn2O4 occurs. For the HT sample, the phases that were formed are spinel cubic structure of Li1.37Mn2O4 and Mn3O4. We can see from the TEM (transmission electron spectroscopy) images, the sample which was synthesized by SSR method, the crystallite of spinel structure resembles to that of elongated multi-walled nanofiber, while the sample fabricated by HT method formed a multi-walled ring. The SEM (scanning electron microscopy) images show that most of the particles have both elongated and roundish ellipsoidal morphology and also distributed homogeneously. From the PSA (particle size analyzer) it can be seen that the sample synthesized by SSR method has particle size of 1278.3 nm, while the sample produced by HT method has particle size of 643.7 nm. Results of cathode battery test of Li1.37Mn2O4 with the use of battery cycler are shown in the cyclic voltammetrycurve which provides information on oxidation-reduction reactions. The charge-discharge measurement result shows that for Li1.37Mn2O4 (SSR), the charge and discharge capacity are 86.63 mAh/g and 85.98 mAh/g, respectively. These values are higher than those of Li1.37Mn2O4 sample fabricated by HT method which has charge capacity of 66.7 mAh/g and discharge capacity of 59.8 mAh/g. AbstrakTelah dilakukan sintesis senyawa Li1,37Mn2O4 melalui metoda solid state reaction(SSR) dan metoda hidrotermal(HT). Bahan awal yang dipergunakan adalah Li2CO3 dan MnO2 untuk metoda solid state reaction, dengan temperatur kalsinasi 700oC dan temperatur sintering 900oC, Sedang untuk metoda hidrotermal bahan yang dipergunakan adalah LiOH dan MnO2, pada temperatur 200oC selama 90 jam. Li1,37Mn2O4 yang terbentuk akan dipergunakan sebagai katoda pada baterai Lithium ion. Dari pola difraksi XRD menunjukkan bahwa pada sintesis dengan metoda SSR fasa yang terbentuk menyerupai fasa Li1,33Mn1,667O4 dengan struktur kubik spinel dan dan FCC LiMn2O4. Hasil analisis sampel metoda HT menunjukan bahwa terbentuk fasa Li1,37Mn2O4 dengan struktur kubik spinel dan fasa Mn3O4. Dari gambar TEM metode sintesis SSR bentuk kristalit struktur spinel menyerupai multiwalled nanofiber memanjang, sedang sintesis HT membentuk multiwalled ring. Hasil analisis SEM menunjukkan bahwa morphologi partikel berbentuk pipih memanjang, dengan sebaran yang homogen. Dari analisis PSA dapat diketahui bahwa untuk sampel dengan metoda SSR mempunyai ukuran partikel 1278,3 nm, sedang sampel HT mempuyai ukuran partikel 643,7 nm. Uji baterai katoda Li1,37Mn2O4 dengan battery cycler ditunjukan dengan kurva siklik voltametrik, adanya proses oksidasi dan reduksi. Hasil pengukuran charge-discharge didapatkan kapasitas charge sekitar 86,63 mAh/gr, kapasitas discharge 85,98 mAh/gr pada Li1,37Mn2O4 (SSR) lebih tinggi dari kapasitas charge 66,7 mAh/gr kapasitas discharge 59,8 mAh/gr pada sampel Li1,37Mn2O4 (HT).

cover, daftar isi, abstrak vol 37 Agustus 2022 Andriyah, Lia
Metalurgi Vol 37, No 2 (2022): Metalurgi Vol. 37 No. 2 Agustus 2022
Publisher : National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN)

PELUANG PENELITIAN UNTUK MEMPERBAIKI TEKNOLOGI PROSES UNTUK MENGOLAH BIJIH NIKEL LATERIT KADAR RENDAH INDONESIA[ Puguh Prasetiyo
Metalurgi Vol 26, No 2 (2011): Metalurgi Vol.26 No.2 Agustus 2011
Publisher : National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN)

Indonesia kaya dengan SDA (Sumber Daya alam) bijih nikel oksida yang lazim disebut laterit. Laterit berkadar nikel tinggi saprolit (Ni>1,8%) sudah diolah dengan jalur proses pirometalurgi di Sulawesi Tenggara untuk memproduksi ferro nikel (FeNi) oleh PT Aneka Tambang di Pomalaa, atau untuk memproduksi Ni-matte oleh Vale INCO di Soroako. Laterit berkadar nikel rendah yang terdiri dari limonit dan saprolit dengan Ni<1,8 %, belum diolah di tanah air. Untuk mengolahnya digunakan proses Caron atau proses HPAL/PAL (HighPressure Acid Leaching). Dimana kedua proses tersebut termasuk jalur proses hidrometalurgi. Pemerintah telah memberi ijin kepada pihak asing untuk mengolah laterit kadar rendah pulau Gag Papua dengan proses Caron pada PT Pasific Nickel USA pada tahun 1967 (menjelang awal Orde Baru). Akibat harga minyak dunia yang naik secara dramatis setelah 1973, maka PT Pasific Nickel membatalkan rencananya dan mengembalikan ijin ke pemerintah. Ijin juga diberikan pada dua PMA (Penanaman Modal Asing) pada Januari 1998 (menjelang akhir Orde Baru) untuk mengolah laterit kadar rendah dengan proses HPAL/PAL, yaitu PT BHP Australia untuk mengo lah laterit pulau Gag Papua, dan PT Weda Bay Nickel (WBN) Canada untuk mengo lah laterit teluk Weda Halmahera. Dalam perjalanan waktu PT WBN Canada dimiliki Eramet Perancis sejak Mei 2006, dan sampai saat ini (2011) tidak ada kepastian kapan PT WBN Eramet Perancis merealisasikan proyeknya. Sedangkan PT BHP Australia mengembalikan ijin pulau Gag ke pemerintah pada awal tahun 2009. Kenyataan mundurnya tiga (3) PMA dari Indonesia untuk mengo lah laterit kadar rendah dengan jalur proses hidrometalurgi. Bisa menjadi peluang bagi pemerintah untuk menguasai sebagian teknologi yang akan digunakan oleh pihak asing untuk mengolah laterit kadar rendah. Penguasaan teknologi tersebut diperoleh dari aktifitas penelitian, dan hasil penelitian dipatenkan. Dengan demikian diharapkan pemerintah bisa punya posisi tawar untuk meningkatkan kepemilikan saham dengan pihak asing. Apabila di kemudian hari ada pihak asing yang berminat mengolah laterit pulau Gag Papua dan wilayah lain di Kawasan Timur Indonesia. Atas dasar penjelasan diatas maka dibuat tulisan ini AbstractThe low grade laterite (limonite and saprolite with Ni < 1.8 %) has not yet processed in Indonesia. It uses process hydrometallurgy. The government of Indonesia has been give permission to foreign company to process the low grade laterite with hydrometallurgy (Caron process and HPAL process). Process Caron is used to process laterite Gag island Papua for PT Pasific Nickel USA on 1967. The dramatical increase price of fuel oil after 1973, it become PT Pasific Nickel give up plan and it give back the permission to the government. Process HPAL (High Pressure Acid Leaching) are used to process laterite teluk Weda (Weda Bay) Halmahera for PT Weda Bay Nickel (WBN) Canada and Gag island Papua for BHP Australia. Two companies got the permission on last new era on January 1998. The permission of Gag island Papua is returned by BHP Australia on first year 2009 and the uncertainity when PT WBN Eramet France (PT WBN Canada takes over by Eramet on May 2006) to build HPAL plant. It becomes opportunity to control the part of technology to process the low laterite via research. So the government has bargaining position to increase share at foreign company.

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