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Metalurgi

metalurgi
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Published by BRIN Publishing

ISSN : 01263188 EISSN : 24433926 DOI : 10.55981/metalurgi

Core Subject : Science, Engineering,

Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Materials Science & Nanotechnology

The objective of this journal is the online media for disseminating results in Research and Development and also as a media for a scientist and researcher in the field of Metallurgy and Materials. The scope if this journal related on: Advanced materials and Nanotechnology Materials and Mineral characterization and Analysis Metallurgy process: extractive Ceramic and composite Corrosion and its technological protection Mineral resources manifestation Modelling and simulation in materials and metallurgy Engineering Metallurgy instrument

Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Material (semua kategori) - Ilmu Material (Lain-Lain)

Articles 287 Documents

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Kerusakan Fatik Pada Baut Dan Mur Roda Kendaraan Ringan Untuk Operasi Tambang Batubara [Fatigue Failure Of Wheel Studs And Nuts Of Light Vehicles Used In Coal Mine Operation] D.N. Adnyana
Metalurgi Vol 32, No 2 (2017): Metalurgi Vol. 32 No. 2 Agustus 2017
Publisher : National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN)

Light vehicle is a potentially useful and efficient mode of transportation to be utilized in supporting the coal mine operation. However, due to the harsh road condition at the mine site, many light vehicles presently used are frequently experiencing a number of incidents caused by loose wheel. The occurrence of this loose wheel is very much related with some broken or damaged wheel studs and/or nuts of the vehicle. Type of failure and factors that may have caused the damage of the wheel studs and/or nuts of the vehicles are discussed in this paper. The metallurgical assessment was conducted by preparing a number of specimens from the damaged and undamaged wheel studs and nuts of the vehicles. Various laboratory examinations were performed including macroscopic examination, chemical composition analysis, metallographic examination, hardness test and SEM (scanning electron microscopy) examination equipped with EDS (energy dispersive spectroscopy) analysis. In addition, torsion test was also conducted on several new studs and nuts to measure the relationship between the torque and angular displacement. Results of the metallurgical assessment obtained show that the damaged wheel studs have experienced fatigue crack or fracture that was caused by load cycling under unidirectional bending at a low nominal stress. Most of the fatigue cracks were originated from the common fatigue initiation sites at the thread root of the stud. There are four possible factors that may have contributed to the acceleration of fatigue failure on the wheel studs or nuts of the light vehicles, either singly or in combination, including improper use of the vehicle, improper material of the wheel stud, improper material of the wheel and/or incorrect installation of the stud and wheel joint. AbstrakKendaraan ringan merupakan moda transportasi yang potensial dan efisien digunakan dalam mendukung operasi tambang batubara. Akan tetapi, karena kondisi jalan yang sangat buruk pada lokasi pertambangan, banyak kendaraan ringan yang saat ini digunakan sering mengalami kecelakaan akibat terjadi kelonggaran pada roda. Terjadinya kelonggaran pada roda tersebut sangat terkait dengan patahnya atau rusaknya baut dan/atau mur roda kendaraan tersebut. Dalam makalah ini dibahas jenis kerusakan dan faktor-faktor yang kemungkinan telah menyebabkan terjadinya kerusakan pada baut dan/atau mur roda kendaraan. Penelitian/pengujian metalurgi telah dilakukan dengan menggunakan sejumlah benda uji yang diambil dari baut dan mur roda kendaraan, baik yang telah rusak maupun yang tidak rusak. Berbagai pengujian laboratorium telah dilakukan meliputi: uji makro, analisa komposisi kimia, uji metalografi, uji kekerasan dan uji SEM (scanning electron microscopy) yang dilengkapi dengan analisis EDS (energy dispersive spectroscopy). Disamping itu, uji torsi juga telah dilakukan pada beberapa baut dan mur yang baru untuk mengukur hubungan antara momen torsi dan sudut torsi. Hasil dari penelitian/pengujian metalurgi yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa kerusakan pada baut roda disebabkan oleh retak atau patah lelah atau fatik akibat beban siklus yang bersifat tekukan searah dan pada tegangan nominal yang rendah.

PRODUKSI BESI DAN TERAK TITANIUM KADAR TINGGI DARI KONSENTRAT PASIR BESI ATAU TITANOMAGNETIT: ULASAN LITERATUR [PRODUCTION OF IRON AND HIGH PURITY TITANIUM SLAG FROM IRON SAND OR TITANOMAGNETITE CONCENTRATE: LITERATURE REVIEW] Safira Fitri; Zulfiadi Zulhan; Imam Santoso
Metalurgi Vol 36, No 3 (2021): Metalurgi Vol. 36 No. 3 Desember 2021
Publisher : National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN)

Pasir besi atau titanomagnetit ditemukan di wilayah pesisir pantai Indonesia yang tersebar dari Aceh hingga pantai utara Papua. Kandungan logam berharga seperti besi, titanium, dan vanadium belum dimanfaatkan dengan baik karena hingga saat ini belum ada pabrik pengolahan dan pemurnian (smelter) di dalam negeri yang mampu mengolah pasir besi hingga menjadi produk akhir dengan nilai tambah yang tinggi. Perusahaan di dalam negeri hanya mampu mengolah pasir besi hingga menjadi konsentrat. Ulasan literatur ini disusun dengan harapan dapat menjadi salah satu langkah awal perkembangan teknologi pengolahan dan pemurnian pasir besi di Indonesia. Hasil ulasan literatur menunjukkan bahwa pasir besi atau titanomagnetit telah diproses baik menggunakan teknologi rotary kiln – electric furnace maupun tanur tiup (blast furnace). Penelitian terus berkembang ke arah teknologi reduksi langsung karena kemungkinannya untuk menghasilkan terak titanium dengan kadar tinggi. Artikel ini juga membandingkan parameter yang berpengaruh dalam proses reduksi langsung konsentrat pasir besi atau titanomagnetit yang terdiri dari pengaruh reaktor, reduktor, temperatur proses, dan penambahan bahan imbuh. Rekomendasi juga diberikan sebagai saran untuk perkembangan penelitian selanjutnya dalam reduksi konsentrat pasir besi atau titanomagnetit.

PEMBUATAN MATERIAL KOMPOSIT MATRIKS PADUAN Al–6,2%Mg/Al2O3(p) DENGAN PROSES STIRR-CASTING Bintang Adjiantoro; Bambang Sriyono
Metalurgi Vol 29, No 1 (2014): Metalurgi Vol.29 No.1 April 2014
Publisher : National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN)

CAVITATION-EROSION STUDY IN ELBOW TUBES OF A LOW-PRESSURE EVAPORATOR OUTLET HEADER Dewa Nyoman Adnyana
Metalurgi Vol 35, No 1 (2020): Metalurgi Vol. 35 No. 1 April 2020
Publisher : National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN)

This paper presents the results of the cavitation-erosion study that occurred on elbow tubes that connected to the low-pressure (LP) Evaporator outlet header on a heat-recovery steam generator (HRSG) unit. Inside the elbow tubes flow the working fluid in the form of hot water with a pressure of 10 bar and a temperature of 160° C. Elbow tubes are made of low carbon steel, have an outer diameter of 31.8 mm and a wall thickness of 2.6 mm. Before entering into the elbow tubes, the working fluid warms up inside the evaporator tubes panel using hot flue gases coming from a gas turbine power plant unit. In this study there were 4 (four) pieces of post-service elbow tubes used, namely elbow tube with the connecting angle of 90°, 75°, 60° and 45°. The types of tests carried out included macroscopic tests, chemical analysis, metallographic examinations, hardness tests and EDS (energy dispersive spectroscopy) analysis. The study results obtained show that the elbow tubes undergo a process of thinning on the inner wall of the outer curvature with a rough and jagged surface appearance. This type of failure is known cavitation- erosion. The level of cavitation-erosion that occurs is very much influenced by the elbow’s connecting angle with the LP Evaporator header outlet. The greater the connecting angle or the smaller the radius of the elbow tube, the higher the level of cavitation-erosion that occurs. The high rate of cavitation-erosion experienced by the four elbow tubes is also related to the level of turbulence of the working fluid flow that occurs in the elbow tube. The increase in turbulence that occurs is caused by a decrease in the pressure of the working fluid in the evaporator panel so that some part of the working fluid turns into steam and produces a two-phase flow consisting of a mixture of water and steam

front pages Metalurgi Vol. 38 No. 2 2023 Lia Andriyah
Metalurgi Vol 38, No 2 (2023): Metalurgi Vol. 38 No. 2 2023
Publisher : National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN)

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THE EFFECT OF BAKELITE BINDERS ON MAGNETIC PROPERTIES AND HARDNESS VALUES OF MQP-TYPE BONDED NdFeB MAGNETS Aryani, Lia; Bhakti, Bintang Surya; Mubarok, Ahmad Riziq; Septiyani, Ardita; Mulyani, R. Henny; Sudrajat, Nanang; Dedi, Dedi
Metalurgi Vol 38, No 2 (2023): Metalurgi Vol. 38 No. 2 2023
Publisher : National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55981/metalurgi.2023.718

Permanent magnets are important in modern society as components in various devices used by many industries and consumers, especially in generators and electric motors. Bonded magnet technology allows combining powdered magnetic materials with polymers as a binder to produce magnetic components that can be applied to certain applications, such as SynRM (synchronous reluctance) motors. Bonded magnets are easy to form without sacrificing their magnetic properties, which are too large, and also reduce costs, making them more effective and efficient. This paper reports the results of a study on the manufacture of bonded magnets NdFeB using bakelite binder on MQP-type NdFeB magnets with a bakelite variation of 0.5 - 2 wt.%. The characterization included testing magnetic properties with Permagraph, morphology with SEM (scanning electron microscope), and hardness values with micro Vickers hardness tester. The results of this study obtained remanence values in the range 5.53 - 6.44 kG and hardness values in the range 341.8 - 507.9 HV for NdFeB bonded magnets. According to SEM observations, the bakelite polymer matrix has successfully bound NdFeB grains, and no porosity is visible.

back pages Metalurgi Vol. 38 No. 2 2023 Lia Andriyah
Metalurgi Vol 38, No 2 (2023): Metalurgi Vol. 38 No. 2 2023
Publisher : National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN)

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EFFECT OF HOT ROLLING AND SOLUTION TREATMENT ON THE MICROSTRUCTURE AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF FE-MN-SI-CR-NI SHAPE MEMORY ALLOY Rohmah, Miftakhur -; Sendouw, Emmanoela Carissa; Tanjung, Rifqi Aulia; Utama, Dedi Pria; Mabruri, Efendi
Metalurgi Vol 38, No 2 (2023): Metalurgi Vol. 38 No. 2 2023
Publisher : National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55981/metalurgi.2023.708

Fe-14Mn-4Si-8Ni-11Cr SMA (shape memory alloy) was designed as a smart material because of its specific properties, which can memorize the original shape, so it has the potential to dampen vibration in seismic structures. Memory effect is triggered by SIM (stress-induced martensitic) transformation from γ-austenite to ε-martensite (hexagonal close-packed / HCP) structure, and it is recovered by heating after unloading. This study investigated the effect of hot rolling and solution treatment on the microstructure and its relationship with hardness and SME (shape memory effect) properties. The as cast of Fe-14Mn-4Si-8Ni-11Cr was hot rolled (900 and 1000 ℃) and solution treated (1000 and 1100 ℃). After the thermomechanical process, all microstructures consist of γ-FCC (face-centered cubic), the annealing twins, and a fine band of ε-martensite. The grain size of the γ-phase is 29.43, 41.96, 42.44, and 45.57 μm for samples B, C, D, and E, respectively. The higher the temperature of hot rolling and solution treatment applied, the larger the grain size obtained, indirectly reducing the hardness to 299.93 BHN and 286.52 BHN for samples D and E. The coarsened austenite grain, a lower number of annealing twins, and the pre-existing line band of ε-martensite are favorable to obtain the enormous recovery strain, up to 8.26% for sample E.

THE EFFECT OF AL2O3 AND STIRRING TIME ON DENSITY AND POROSITY OF ALUMINUM ADC12 FOAM Zulaida, Yeni Muriani; Izzudin, Muhammad Nurul; Suryana, Suryana
Metalurgi Vol 38, No 2 (2023): Metalurgi Vol. 38 No. 2 2023
Publisher : National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55981/metalurgi.2023.707

The instability of the foam forming during metallic foam manufacture commonly occurs, which will cause undesirable pores. The stability of the foam structure is one of the important factors. A stabilizer can maintain the foam cell during the melting process. In this study, the metal used is ADC12 with a 12 wt.% of Si element content, and the foaming agent is CaCO3. CaCO3 will produce gas to form bubbles in the melt during the solidification process and use a stabilizer to strengthen cell walls so that foam does not easily fall off or collapse. The stabilizer uses Al2O3 with the variation of Al2O3 are 1 to 3 wt.%. The stirring time is as variable as well. A stirring process is conducted to distribute foaming agents so that the foam distribution is more homogeny throughout the aluminum foam. The variation of the stirring time is carried out for 60, 120, and 180 seconds. The results show that as the time of stirring and the addition of stabilizer increases, the porosity will rise, but the density decrease. Compressive strength results show it has no significant relation with increasing the stabilizer and stirring time. The highest compressive strength is obtained in the sample with a stirring time of 120 seconds with an Al2O3 content of 1 wt.%.

EFFECT OF COOLING-MEDIUM INDUCED INITIAL STRUCTURE BEFORE INTERCRITICAL ANNEALING ON THE MICROSTRUCTURE AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF LOW ALLOY DUAL-PHASE STEEL Romijarso, Toni Bambang; Rohmah, Miftakhur; Ariati, Myrna; Mabruri, Efendi; Siradj, Eddy Sumarno
Metalurgi Vol 38, No 2 (2023): Metalurgi Vol. 38 No. 2 2023
Publisher : National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55981/metalurgi.2023.727

The present research focused on determining the effect of cooling-medium-induced initial structure before the intercritical annealing induced dual-phase structure in the low alloy steel. Low carbon steel, which consists of containing 0.09 wt.% C was heated at 920 °C for 30 minutes to austenitization and then cooled in various media to provide the different initial structures before the IA (intercritical annealing) process. After austenization, the cooling process in the furnace and open-air provided a ferrite-pearlite phase, while the cooling process in water generated full martensite as the initial structure. Afterwards, the sample was intercritical-annealed at 750 °C (temperature between Ac1 and Ac3 lines or intercritical zone) for 10 minutes and then quenched in water. The water quenching after the austenitizing process improved the mechanical strength of steel (919 MPa), compared to the as-received state (519 MPa) due to martensite formation. As the cooling rate increased after the austenitizing process, the tensile strength increased and the elongation decreased. The different structures before intercritical annealing affected the martensite volume fraction and further correlated with improving mechanical properties. The ferrite and pearlite, as the initial structure before the IA process, provide a smaller fraction of martensite (18.36 vol.% for furnace cooling and 27.85 vol.% for open-air cooling). In contrast, the full martensite as the initial structure before IA generates a higher fraction of martensite (39.25 vol.%). The tensile strengths obtained were 512, 516, and 541 MPa with elongations of 29.8%, 30.1% and 32.6% for cooling furnace, open air and water, respectively. The strain-hardening behavior during the intercritical annealing is not affected by the initial process of the structure.

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Ika Kartika

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