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Metalurgi
Published by BRIN Publishing
ISSN : 01263188     EISSN : 24433926     DOI : 10.55981/metalurgi
Core Subject : Science, Engineering,
Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Materials Science & Nanotechnology
The objective of this journal is the online media for disseminating results in Research and Development and also as a media for a scientist and researcher in the field of Metallurgy and Materials. The scope if this journal related on: Advanced materials and Nanotechnology Materials and Mineral characterization and Analysis Metallurgy process: extractive Ceramic and composite Corrosion and its technological protection Mineral resources manifestation Modelling and simulation in materials and metallurgy Engineering Metallurgy instrument
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Material (semua kategori) - Ilmu Material (Lain-Lain)
Articles 287 Documents
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Metalurgi Vol. 39 No. 1 2024 Andriyah, Lia
Metalurgi Vol 39, No 1 (2024): Metalurgi Vol. 39 No. 1 2024
Publisher : National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55981/metalurgi.2024.761

Abstract

Kinetic of Dissolution of Nickel Limonite Calcine by Sulfuric Acid Solution Setiawan, Iwan; Nabilah, Annisa; Oediyani, Soesaptri; Subagja, Rudi; Irawan, Januar; Sampoerno, Arief Budi; Yunita, Fariza Eka; Suharyanto, Ariyo; Syahid, Adi Noer
Metalurgi Vol 38, No 3 (2023): Metalurgi Vol. 38 No. 3 2023
Publisher : National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55981/metalurgi.2023.740

Abstract

Currently, more than 60% of nickel processing is carried out using nickel sulfide as a raw material. Nonetheless, due to the depletion reserves of nickel sulphide, nickel laterite has drawn a lot of interest to be processed as raw material. Nickel laterite in Indonesia is generally found in low grades, with nickel concentration of <1.15%. One method of treating nickel limonite is leaching in a sulfuric acid solution. This study aims to determine the reaction rate in the leaching process of calcine nickel limonite and the effect of sulfuric acid concentration and leaching temperature on the percent nickel extraction. In this research, the limonite ore from Pomalaa, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia, which has undergone a reduction process, was used as raw material. This research was conducted by leaching method on nickel limonite calcine using sulfuric acid reagent with 0.2, 0.5, and 1 M concentration variation, temperature variations of 60, 70, and 90°C, stirring speed 500 rpm, and %S/L (w/w) 10%. In this leaching research, the activation energy obtained at a sulfuric acid concentration of 0.2, 0.5, and 1 M are 13,7379 kJ/mol, 19,7582 kJ/mol, 20,3161 kJ/mol, respectively. The leaching process of nickel limonite calcine was controlled by diffusion. The optimum nickel extraction percentage in this study was 97.45%, obtained at a concentration of 1 M sulfuric acid, temperature of 70 °C, and leaching time of 240 minutes.
Influence of Electrolyte Molarity and Applied Voltage on the Purification of Ferronickel by Electrolysis Method Astini, Vita; Meirawati, Selvia; Nengsih, Sulistia; -, Arif; -, Hasriyanti; Soedarsono, Johny Wahyuadi Mudaryoto; Zulfia, Anne
Metalurgi Vol 39, No 1 (2024): Metalurgi Vol. 39 No. 1 2024
Publisher : National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55981/metalurgi.2024.742

Abstract

The current advancements in the automotive industry highlight the critical need for electric vehicles, which require a reliable supply of nickel for battery production. A potential nickel source is Ferronickel's local content, which can be used as a secondary resource. However, research on converting smelted Ferronickel into electrolytic nickel is still limited. This study aims to examine the effects of electrolyte molarity and applied voltage during the electrolysis process for refining Ferronickel. The molarities of HCl employed in this research are 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, and 1 M for 2 hours. Additionally, the molarities of HCl are set at 2, 3, and 4 M for 6 hours. Further experiments were performed using varying voltages of 1, 2, 4, 6, and 8 V while keeping the solution concentration constant at 1 M and maintaining an electrolysis duration of 2 hours. The electrolysis solution was subsequently analyzed using the AAS (atomic absorption spectrophotometry) test. The results indicated that higher molarity levels were associated with increased current, resulting in faster reaction rates and greater solubilization of nickel metal. The Ni concentration rose with higher molarity, increasing from 76.50 mg/L in .25 M HCl to 91.88 mg/L in 1 M HCl. In contrast, the Fe concentration remained nearly constant across various molarity levels, ranging from 11.81 mg/L in .25 M HCl to 11.95 mg/L in 1 M HCl, suggesting a minimal influence of molarity below 1 M. Fe exhibited a strong positive correlation with increasing electrolyte molarity, showing a significant rise in concentration from 49.06 g/L at 2 M to 90.17 g/L at 4 M. Ni showed a more modest response to elevated molarity, with concentrations increasing from 11.95 g/L at 2 M to 22.70 g/L at 4 M. The Ni concentration increased with the applied voltage up to 6 V, reaching 95.57 mg/L, but then decreased to 77.67 mg/L at 8 V, indicating that the optimum voltage is 6 V. The Fe concentration displayed slight fluctuations but remained relatively stable across different voltage levels, measuring 11.81 mg/L at 1 V and 12.28 mg/L at 8 V, indicating that the applied voltage does not significantly influence Fe concentration in the solution.
Metalurgi Vol. 39 No. 1 2024 Andriyah, Lia
Metalurgi Vol 39, No 1 (2024): Metalurgi Vol. 39 No. 1 2024
Publisher : National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55981/metalurgi.2024.762

Abstract

Comparative Studies Simulation Software for Bone Plate Compression Mayasari, Dita; Muhammad, Sirojuddin Kholil; Triwardono, Joko; Malau, Daniel Panghihutan; Utomo, Muhammad Satrio; Asmaria, Talitha
Metalurgi Vol 38, No 3 (2023): Metalurgi Vol. 38 No. 3 2023
Publisher : National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55981/metalurgi.2023.738

Abstract

Medical applications occasionally require PSI (patient-specific implant) designs to match the implant bone’s geometry. To verify and predict failures of the design as well as a treatment before the manufacturing process, FEA (finite element analysis) is employed to simulate when given a specific number of loads. Plenty of studies have done the FEA using a couple of types of software; however, to the best of our knowledge, there is no literature to compare those several FEA results with a comparable experiment. This study further analyzes material stress, particularly to compute the VMS (Von Misses stress) of the Ti6Al4V bone plate. Furthermore, this study proposes to examine and deliver a comprehensive understanding using the four most used software of COMSOL, Ansys, Abaqus, and Autodesk Inventor. The results of those four simulations are then compared with the stress test through the Hardness Vickers test. This study will contribute significantly as a novel comparison between VMS and hardness test as a stress prediction in an implant material.  
FP Metalurgi Vol. 39 No. 2 2024 Andriyah, Lia
Metalurgi Vol 39, No 2 (2024): Metalurgi Vol. 39 No. 2 2024
Publisher : National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55981/metalurgi.2024.772

Abstract

Optimization of NMC811 Synthesis via Oxalate Coprecipitation Method for Lithium-Ion Battery Cathode Angellinnov, Fiona; Subhan, Achmad; Priyono, Bambang; Syahrial, Anne Zulfia
Metalurgi Vol 39, No 2 (2024): Metalurgi Vol. 39 No. 2 2024
Publisher : National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55981/metalurgi.2024.759

Abstract

NMC811 was synthesized through the oxalate coprecipitation method, followed by the solid-state method of lithiation. Stirring speed (500, 750, 1000 rpm), aging time (0, 3, 5h), sintering atmosphere (with and without oxygen flow), sintering temperature (700, 750, 800 °C), and lithium concentration (0, 2, 5% excess) effect on the NMC811 were examined. Characterization results showed that the optimum stirring speed and aging time are 750 rpm and 3 hours. Based on structural analysis, the best condition for sintering is in oxygen atmospheres at 800 °C with a lithium concentration of 2% excess. NMC811, synthesized with these optimum parameters, provided a 212.93 mAh/g capacity. These findings deliver insight into NMC811 synthesis optimization.
Study on Leaching Lanthanum From Ferronickel Slag With Pretreatment Alkaline Fusion Yudomustafa, Fakhruddin; Febriana, Eni; Mayangsari, Wahyu; Ciptasari, Nurhayati Indah; Akbar, Ari Yustisia; Hendrik, Hendrik; Oediyani, Soesaptri; Prasetyo, Agus Budi
Metalurgi Vol 39, No 2 (2024): Metalurgi Vol. 39 No. 2 2024
Publisher : National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55981/metalurgi.2024.764

Abstract

Ferronickel slag is a byproduct of nickel ore smelting. Several efforts have been made to find alternative applications for ferronickel slag, such as the production of construction materials, cement, or geopolymers. It is reported that 38% is used for road construction, 48% is used for industrial cement mixtures, and the rest is used for fertilizers, geopolymers, and hydraulic techniques. Ferronickel slag still contains some valuable minerals such as silica, magnesium, nickel, iron, and several REEs (rare earth elements). One of the REEs, namely lanthanum, has many applications, including Ni-MH (nickel-metal hydride) batteries, phosphors for lamps, fluid-cracking catalysts for oil refining, LaNi5 for hydrogen gas storage, metal alloys for cast iron, steel and magnesium alloys, additives for glassware (for cameras), and lanthanum hexaboride ceramic. In connection with the slag, which contains impurities in strong silica compounds, it is necessary to carry out an alkaline fusion treatment. Alkaline fusion was carried out by varying the time from 0.5 to 4 hours and the ratio of the mass of slag to NaOH: 1:0.6, 1:1, 1:1.23, 1:1.47, and 1:1.84. The biggest decrease in SiO2 was in the 3-hour alkaline fusion time, from 48.347% to 27.3%, and in the mass ratio at 1:1.47, from 48.347% to 21.413%. This research aims to provide added value for ferronickel slag by extracting lanthanum by acid leaching using H2SO4 reagent by varying the time (5, 10, 30, 60, and 120 minutes), temperature (30, 60, and 90 °C), and concentration (1, 2, and 3 M). The results showed that the best leaching point was at 5 minutes, 30 °C, and 1 M, yielding a lanthanum extraction percentage of 38.082%.
The Effect of Single and Double-Doped Addition on 8YSZ Coating Layers Deposited on Inconel 625 by Electrophoretic Deposition Aini, Kurotun; Amaliyah, Fina Fitratun; Sugiarti, Eni; Desiati, Resetiana Dwi; Latifah, Nurul; Ramandhany, Safitry; Fadilah, Ihah; Nasihah, Aunillah Putri El
Metalurgi Vol 39, No 2 (2024): Metalurgi Vol. 39 No. 2 2024
Publisher : National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55981/metalurgi.2024.770

Abstract

The ceramic layers of 8 mol% yttria-stabilized zirconia (8YSZ), singly doped with Fe2O3 and doubly doped with Fe2O3 and Al2O3, have been deposited successfully on Inconel 625 substrates by the EPD (electrophoretic deposition) process. The oxide doping influenced the stability of the EPD suspension and affected the density of the resultant layer. In order to improve the adhesion between the layer and the substrate, a two-step sintering was performed up to 1200 ºC for a total duration of 4 hours in a horizontal vacuum furnace, with a heating rate of 2 ºC per minute in an Argon gas atmosphere. FE-SEM (field emission scanning electron microscopy) and vickers hardness tests were employed to investigate the effect of single and double doping on the morphology and hardness of the coating layers, respectively. EDS (energy dispersive spectroscopy) was employed to analyze the elemental composition of the layers, while XRD (x-ray diffractometry) was utilized to determine the crystalline phases. The results indicated that the double-doped coating sample possesses a better microstructure and the layer with double doping exhibits a denser microstructure and reduced porosity (3.84%) in contrast to the single doping layer (6.05%). The vickers hardness test indicates a rise in hardness from 65.3 HV with single doping to 283.78 HV with double-doping layers, due to the presence of Al2O3 as the interstitial agent, which reduces the layer's porosity and enhances adhesion between the layer and the substrate. Furthermore, the addition of Al­2O3 as the double dopant may impede the tà m phase transformation, leading to enhanced thermal stability in the double-doped coating sample compared to the single-doped coating sample. This study shows that double doping techniques can improve the efficiency of ceramic coatings for high-temperature applications, such gas turbine components, and also giving opportunities for more research in oxidation, corrosion, and erosion testing.
Synthesis of Mesoporous Nickel Using Electrodeposition Method Latifah, Sri Mulyati; Vito, Mochammad Ghais; Prajitno, Djoko Hadi
Metalurgi Vol 39, No 2 (2024): Metalurgi Vol. 39 No. 2 2024
Publisher : National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55981/metalurgi.2024.704

Abstract

Mesoporous material technology has recently become increasingly popular among scientists and industry professionals. Electrodeposition is a metal deposition process that employs an electric current. The most typical applications of electrodeposition are metal coating (electroplating) and the creation of porous materials. This study aimed to analyze the effects of current and nickel synthesis time on the formation of mesoporous nickel morphology using corn starch. The method for producing mesoporous nickel deposits uses an electrodeposition process using corn starch additives. The process of making mesoporous nickel varies at currents of 4, 5, and 6 A, holding times of 3, 4, and 5 hours, and additional weights of corn starch of 1, 2, and 3 g, with the weight of nickel deposits produced being 1.19, 1.3, and 1.9 g, with an increase in nickel deposits from currents of 4 to 6 A (holding time of 3 to 5 hours) of 0.71 g (59.66%). The smallest pore diameter of 112 nm was obtained using a current of 6 A, a holding time of 5 hours, with 3 g of corn starch. Characterization was carried out on the electrodeposition layer using XRD (x-ray diffraction) and SEM-EDS (scanning electron  icroscope-energy dispersive spectroscopy), where the results of the XRD analysis showed the presence of α-Ni, Ƴ-Fe, and Fe1Ni3 compounds, and the results of SEM-EDS showed porous Ni deposits with the highest Ni concentration above 80%. The bigger the current employed and the holding period in the electrodeposition process, the heavier the Ni deposit formed.

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