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Lex Journal : Kajian Hukum dan Keadilan
Published by Universitas Dr. Soetomo Surabaya
ISSN : 25812033     EISSN : 25809113     DOI : https://doi.org/10.25139/lex.v6i2
Core Subject : Social,
Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice
Lex Journal is a scientific journal published by the Faculty of Law, Dr. Soetomo University which will be published regularly every six months. In July and December containing articles in the form of articles, studies, and research results. This journal is published as a forum to provide space for law and justice observers in their contribution to the development of law. Editors accept independent writings which can be in the form of articles, studies, and research results related to the field of law and justice, in Indonesian and English according to the writing style.
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Sosial - Hukum
Articles 109 Documents
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An Examination of the Implementation of Criminal Sanctions in Environmental Protection and Management Legislation Soraya, Joice; Althafzufar, Muhammad Ansy
Lex Journal: Kajian Hukum & Keadilan Vol 8 No 2 (2024): December (In Progress)
Publisher : Faculty of Law, University of Dr. Soetomo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25139/lex.v8i2.9083

Abstract

This research analyzes the regulation and application of criminal sanctions in Law Number 32 of 2009 concerning Environmental Protection and Management (PPLH Law) as an instrument of environmental law enforcement in Indonesia. By using the normative juridical research method, this research examines the regulation of criminal sanctions in the PPLH Law, its application in environmental cases, and its effectiveness in realizing environmental protection and management. The results show that the PPLH Law has provided a strong legal basis for the application of criminal sanctions. However, in practice, it still faces various obstacles, such as the complexity of proof, the limited capacity of law enforcement, and conflicts of interest. The effectiveness of the application of criminal sanctions is also not optimal because various factors, such as the quality of investigations, inter-agency coordination, and resource support, influence it. This research recommends the improvement of criminal sanction arrangements in the PPLH Law, strengthening law enforcement institutions and resources, increasing community participation, and applying the principle of restorative justice in the settlement of environmental criminal cases. These efforts are expected to strengthen environmental law enforcement and realize sustainable development in Indonesia.
Juridical Review of Legal Protection for Teachers in Carrying out Obligations to Discipline Students Iswathoni, Juniar; Cahyowati, RR.; Kafrawi, Rachman Maulana
Lex Journal: Kajian Hukum & Keadilan Vol 9 No 2 (2025): In Progress
Publisher : Faculty of Law, University of Dr. Soetomo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25139/lex journal.v9i2.9967

Abstract

The rise of various cases against teachers in carrying out their professional duties is proof that the legal protection of the teaching profession has not been running properly or as it should be. This study aims to understand, explain, and analyze the legal protection for teachers in carrying out their duties to discipline students. This research uses a normative legal research method. This study concludes that legal protection for teachers is one of the efforts to fulfill their rights, as mandated in Law No. 14 of 2005 on Teachers and Lecturers, Article 14. In the administration of education, the government has essentially made efforts to provide legal protection for teachers and other education personnel. However, these efforts are sometimes still inadequate and weak in their implementation. Teachers must perform their duties according to human rights principles (HAM). Teachers can discipline students firmly while still respecting human rights values, creating a positive learning environment, and shaping students' character without violating their fundamental rights. Several laws, such as Law No. 39 of 1999 on Human Rights, and Article 28B, paragraph (2) of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia, regulate the protection of students from the national legal perspective. The number of cases affecting teachers while carrying out their professional duties indicates that legal protection for the teaching profession has not been well implemented or as it should be.
Pancasila as a Legal Pillar in Ensuring Human Rights Protection Soraya, Joice; Muslim, Shohib
Lex Journal: Kajian Hukum & Keadilan Vol 9 No 2 (2025): In Progress
Publisher : Faculty of Law, University of Dr. Soetomo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25139/lex journal.v9i2.9973

Abstract

This study aims to examine the role of Pancasila as a legal pillar in ensuring the protection of human rights in Indonesia, especially after the amendment of the 1945 Constitution (UUD 1945) in 1999-2002. The main focus of this research is to identify how the values of Pancasila can be applied in the context of the rule of law to protect the basic rights of every individual and how Pancasila functions as the basis of the state in respecting human rights, as well as how the amendments to the 1945 Constitution strengthen the sovereignty of the people and the protection of these basic rights. This research uses normative legal research methods by analyzing constitutional texts, laws, and other scientific literature. The discussion covers the relationship between Pancasila, popular sovereignty, the rule of law, and human rights, as well as the implementation of Pancasila principles in Indonesian legal policy. The conclusion of this study shows that Pancasila still plays an important role as the main foundation in realizing a rule of law that focuses on the protection of human rights and people's sovereignty, as well as guidelines in the development of a fair and democratic legal system.
The Implications of Changes in the State Budget (APBN) through Presidential Instruction (Inpres) from the Perspective of Administrative Law Kusuma, Lalu Aria Nata; Syarif, Nawaz
Lex Journal: Kajian Hukum & Keadilan Vol 9 No 2 (2025): In Progress
Publisher : Faculty of Law, University of Dr. Soetomo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25139/lex journal.v9i2.10047

Abstract

In realizing the prosperity and well-being of the people, the State Revenue and Expenditure Budget/State Budget (APBN) plays a crucial role in reflecting the government's economic policy. According to the provisions in the State Financial Law, changes to the APBN during the fiscal year can only be made through the instrument of the Revised APBN Law. However, Presidential Instruction Number 1 of 2025, which was issued, alters the established APBN. This change raises questions about whether the presidential instruction, as a discretionary power, can be used to modify the APBN and what the implications are. The research method used is normative legal research utilizing a legislative and conceptual approach. The research results indicate that presidential instructions are regulations used to interpret vague and stagnant rules to address existing issues. However, this does not mean that presidential instructions can be used freely. In the context of changing the posture of the APBN through presidential instructions, this research shows that such actions do not meet the objectives and requirements for issuing discretion as stipulated in the Government Administration Law. The failure to meet these conditions has implications, namely: 1) the presence of Presidential Instruction No. 1/2025 is a form of abuse of power by state administrative officials; 2) the normalization of abusive discretionary practices by the government; and 3) it shows the failure of the House of Representatives (DPR) to perform its function properly. Therefore, it is important for the government, as administrative officials who can issue discretion, to adhere to existing guidelines when issuing policy regulations.
Prohibition of Interfaith Marriage Registration: A Critique of Judicial Policy Darryl Evan Brouwer; Muhammad Akrom Ramadhan; Ananda Lestari
Lex Journal: Kajian Hukum & Keadilan Vol 10 No 2 (2026): In Progress
Publisher : Faculty of Law, University of Dr. Soetomo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25139/lex.v10i2.11580

Abstract

In 2023, the Supreme Court enacted the Supreme Court Circular Letter Number 2 of 2023 on Guidelines for Judges in Adjudicating Cases of Marriage Registration Requests between People of Different Religions and Beliefs (SEMA 2/2023). The SEMA 2/2023 prohibits judges from granting applications for the registration of interfaith marriages between individuals of different religions and beliefs. This judicial policy does not cohere with the reality that some religions in Indonesia do not strictly prohibit interfaith marriage. Thus, such judicial policy unjustifiably infringes on the human rights of the citizens. This research is conducted to analyze the inconsistency of the SEMA 2/2023 with the Marriage Law, the reality of religious diversity in Indonesia, and the human rights principle. This research is conducted as normative legal research using the statutory and conceptual approach. The finding of this research is that the SEMA 2/2023 is in line with the Marriage Law, the reality of religious diversity in Indonesia, and the human rights principle. Thus, the judge shall not enforce the SEMA 2/2023.
Decriminalization of Blasphemy in National Criminal Law: A Theoretical Reflection Darryl Evan Brouwer; Timothy Anggapermana Lande; Beatrice Briliany Immanuel
Lex Journal: Kajian Hukum & Keadilan Vol 10 No 2 (2026): In Progress
Publisher : Faculty of Law, University of Dr. Soetomo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25139/lex.v10i2.11581

Abstract

Criminal law aims to suppress crime. As part of a social defense policy, crime suppression policy is directed at protecting the public. In this case, the authorities use criminal law as a social control instrument. However, this social control is limited by the human rights of individual citizens because the state must protect the human rights of individual citizens. Thus, the formulation of criminal law shall not be ambiguous and have multiple interpretations, thereby depriving citizens of their rights and freedom of religion. In the National Criminal Code, the crime of blasphemy has been decriminalized. This study analyzes whether the politics of decriminalization of the criminal act of blasphemy in the National Criminal Code from a legal theory and legal philosophy aspect is appropriate. As legal research, the normative methodology has been used in this article. This research concludes that the politics of decriminalization of the criminal act of blasphemy in the National Criminal Code and Penal Administration Law has its legitimation from the legal theoretical and legal philosophical aspects.
Digital Vigilantism and the Crisis of Formal Legal Legitimacy: A Socio-Legal Analysis of the Influence of Social Media on Law Enforcement in Indonesia Rani Lestari; Renni Aryani; Aulia Azhari; Angga Dimas Pratama
Lex Journal: Kajian Hukum & Keadilan Vol 10 No 2 (2026): In Progress
Publisher : Faculty of Law, University of Dr. Soetomo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25139/lex.v10i2.11861

Abstract

The rise of social media has given rise to the phenomenon of digital vigilantism—a form of social punishment through naming, shaming, and online campaigns that occurs before formal judicial proceedings are concluded. This phenomenon not only reflects an expression of collective anger but also indicates a transformation in the relationship between society and the formal legal system. This study aims to analyze digital vigilantism as a response to the crisis of legal legitimacy and its implications for the independence of law enforcement and the rule of law through a normative legal method using a qualitative approach based on literature review and case analysis in Indonesia. Research findings indicate that digital vigilantism is a form of public participation influenced by shifts in social structure and legal awareness, with social media serving as a new arena for the establishment of legal legitimacy that can expedite official responses, enhance transparency, and create opportunities for victim advocacy; however, it also gives rise to ambivalence due to its potential to foster selective justice based on virality, legal populism, and the erosion of the presumption of innocence through trial by social media. Philosophically, this phenomenon risks fueling moral panic, the tyranny of the majority, cancel culture, and digital authoritarianism—trends that shift the legitimacy of the law from procedural rationality toward collective emotion. Therefore, a balance is needed between digital public participation and the protection of due process of law through enhanced government responsiveness and transparency, as well as the strengthening of the public’s legal literacy and digital ethics, to support substantive justice within Indonesia’s legal system.
Dilema Mens Rea pada Algoritma Self-Learning: Siapa yang Bertanggung Jawab Pidana Ketika AI Melakukan Diskriminasi Sistemik? Aditya Yodiansyah; Any Farida; Agus Pramono
Lex Journal: Kajian Hukum & Keadilan Vol 10 No 2 (2026): In Progress
Publisher : Faculty of Law, University of Dr. Soetomo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25139/lex.v10i2.11870

Abstract

Abstrak ini mengeksplorasi tantangan mendasar yang dihadapi oleh sistem hukum pidana tradisional dalam menghadapi kemunculan kecerdasan buatan (AI) yang memiliki kemampuan belajar mandiri (self-learning). Masalah utama penelitian ini terletak pada ketidakmampuan doktrin mens rea konvensional untuk menjangkau tindakan otonom mesin yang menghasilkan dampak diskriminasi sistemik. Dengan menggunakan metode penelitian hukum normatif melalui pendekatan perundang-undangan dan konseptual, penelitian ini menganalisis bagaimana fenomena black box pada algoritma menciptakan celah akuntabilitas yang signifikan. Temuan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa meskipun AI belum diakui sebagai subjek hukum mandiri di Indonesia, terdapat urgensi untuk merekonstruksi model pertanggungjawaban pidana melalui pendekatan vicarious liability atau strict liability yang diadaptasi. Analisis ini juga membandingkan kerangka regulasi internasional seperti EU AI Act untuk merumuskan kebijakan kriminal yang responsif di Indonesia. Kesimpulannya, pembaruan hukum melalui KUHP Baru dan regulasi sektoral harus secara eksplisit mendefinisikan standar kepatuhan algoritmik untuk mencegah diskriminasi sistemik dan menjamin kepastian hukum di era digital.
Perlindungan Hukum terhadap Hak Pengupahan Berdasarkan Undang-Undang Nomor 6 Tahun 2023 tentang Cipta Kerja Yusuf Isa Permana; Ernu Widodo; Muhammad Yustino Aribawa
Lex Journal: Kajian Hukum & Keadilan Vol 7 No 2 (2023): December
Publisher : Faculty of Law, University of Dr. Soetomo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25139/lex.v7i2.11894

Abstract

Perubahan pengaturan hak upah dan pesangon pasca pemutusan hubungan kerja (PHK) dalam UU No. 6 Tahun 2023 tentang Cipta Kerja membawa implikasi signifikan terhadap kepastian hukum dan posisi tawar pekerja. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis latar belakang perubahan tersebut serta mengkaji implikasi yuridisnya terhadap perlindungan hak normatif pekerja. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan konseptual. Bahan hukum primer mencakup UU Ketenagakerjaan, UU Cipta Kerja, serta PP No. 35 dan 36 Tahun 2021. Analisis dilakukan secara kualitatif terhadap perubahan substansi pengaturan dan akibat hukumnya dalam hubungan industrial. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perubahan pengaturan didorong oleh upaya untuk menciptakan fleksibilitas pasar kerja dan kemudahan berusaha. Namun, hal ini menyebabkan fragmentasi aturan dan kekaburan norma yang berujung pada melemahnya posisi tawar pekerja serta risiko penyimpangan praktik PHK. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan harmonisasi regulasi dan pengawasan efektif untuk menjamin keadilan dan kepastian hukum bagi pekerja.

Page 11 of 11 | Total Record : 109

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