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Wacana: Journal of the Humanities of Indonesia
Published by Universitas Indonesia
ISSN : 14112272     EISSN : 24076899     DOI : https://doi.org/10.17510/wacana
Core Subject : Humanities, Science, Education, Art, Social,
Arts Humanities Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Library & Information Science Social Sciences
Wacana, Journal of the Humanities of Indonesia is a peer-reviewed, open-access journal published by the Faculty of Humanities, University of Indonesia. It invites original articles on various issues within humanities, which include but are not limited to philosophy, literature, archaeology, anthropology, linguistics, history, cultural studies, philology, arts, library and information science focusing on Indonesian studies and research. Wacana seeks to publish a balanced mix of high-quality theoretical or empirical research articles, case studies, review papers, comparative studies, exploratory papers, and book reviews. All accepted manuscripts will be published both online and in printed forms. The journal publishes two thematic issues per year, in April and October. The first thematic issue consists of two numbers.
Arjuna Subject : Seni dan Humaniora - Seni dan Humaniora (Lain-Lain)
Articles 647 Documents
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Perception of English vowels by Javanese and Sundanese speakers; A mouse-tracking study Perwitasari, Arum
Wacana, Journal of the Humanities of Indonesia Vol. 19, No. 1
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Abstract

Second language (L2) learners often encounter difficulties caused by the interference of their native language (L1). The aim of this study is to examine how the Javanese and Sundanese vowel systems hinder the perception of ten English vowels. Thirty Javanese, thirty Sundanese, and twenty English native speakers participated in a mouse-tracking experiment. Participants were required to identify English vowels corresponding to an auditory token by clicking on one of two word strings presented on a computer screen. According to the Speech Learning Model (SLM) hypothesis, the Javanese and Sundanese speakers were predicted to have higher error rates and show a larger Area Under the Curve (AUC) for similar vowels (same IPA symbols, but different diacritics between L1 and the target vowels) than the native English speakers. For new vowels (no same IPA symbols found between L1 and the target vowels), the L2 speakers were predicted to have lower error rates and a smaller AUC than the native English speakers. According to the Second Language Linguistic Perception (L2LP), however, the prediction is stated in the reverse. Repeated measures of ANOVAs found that: 1) the Javanese and Sundanese speakers were less accurate in perceiving the new vowels /ɑː/, /ʌ/, /æ/, /ε/, /ɪ/, and /ʊ/ and similar vowels /iː/ and /uː/. 2) The Javanese speakers showed a larger AUC than native speakers for new vowels /ɑː/, /ɜː/, /ɔː/, and /ʌ/ and for similar vowels /iː/ and /uː/. The Sundanese speakers showed a greater attraction to the incorrect alternatives than the native speakers for new vowels /ɑː/, /ɜː/, /ɔː/, /ʌ/, /æ/, /ε/, /ɪ/, and /ʊ/ and similar vowels /iː/ and /uː/. Our findings partially support the L2LP hypothesis that the Javanese and Sundanese listeners are likely to show high error rates and a large attraction towards the incorrect alternatives of new vowels. The results confirmed that perceptual difficulties varied significantly according to the influence of L1 vowel inventories.
Behind the eco-friendliness of “batik <i>warna alam</i>”; Discovering the motives behind the production of batik in Jarum village, Klaten Handayani, Widhi; Kristijanto, Augustinus Ign; Hunga, Arianti Ina Restiani
Wacana, Journal of the Humanities of Indonesia Vol. 19, No. 1
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Abstract

The policy of sustainable production has encouraged small batik businesses to shift to natural dyes as these are considered eco-friendly. However, the motivation behind juragan batiks’ embracing natural dyes still has some question marks attached. This qualitative study explains the motivation of the juragan batiks in using natural colourants in their production of batik warna alam and explores the significance of batik warna alam to juragan batik. We found the production of batik warna alam tended to be triggered by economic reasons not environmental consciousness. This related to the meaning of batik warna alam to maintaining the economic survival of the juragans. Juragans are convinced that batik warna alam is eco-friendly according to the indicators to which they subscribe: (1) the materials are found in their immediate surroundings; (2) the process causes no pollution or environmental destruction; and (3) the production does not pose a health threat to people, including workers. This study provides the insight that an eco-friendly-labelled production might not necessarily be motivated by a high level of environmental consciousness.
Polite vocabulary in the Javanese language of Surabaya Krauße, Daniel
Wacana, Journal of the Humanities of Indonesia Vol. 19, No. 1
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Abstract

Surabaya and its surroundings are known for their peculiar dialect, which does not only exhibit very characteristic phonological and morphological features, but also has a politeness, honorific, and deferential system that has so far remained largely understudied. It is the aim of this paper to shed further light on the sociolinguistic situation of the Javanese dialect of the city of Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia with a focus on the polite vocabulary (Krama, Krama Andhap, and Krama Inggil). Although to the Central Javanese ear, speakers of Surabayan Javanese sound discourteous, they by no means are impolite. After a general introduction about the linguistic situation in Surabaya, a brief typological summary of politeness systems throughout the world is given, which helps debunk the persistent language myth that speakers of Surabayan Javanese are rude. This paper will show that the dialect rather exhibits a binary T-V distinction in politeness similar to that in French and German, as opposed to the strict speech level system as found in Central Javanese, Korean, and Japanese.
Sound-changes and loanwords in Sungai Penuh Kerinci Steinhauer, Hein
Wacana, Journal of the Humanities of Indonesia Vol. 19, No. 2
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Abstract

In this paper I shall (re)analyse the historical development of the Sungai Penuh variety of Kerinci in terms of sound-changes, with special attention to forms which deviate from the more common patterns. Data for this study have been taken from the stencilled version of Amir Hakim Usman’s Kerinci-Indonesian dictionary (1976) with handwritten annotations by the author, the late David John Prentice, and myself, the result of elicitation sessions with the author in 1977 in Leiden. Some additional data derived from Usman 1988 and from an interview with the author in 1999.
The first standard grammar of Malay; George Werndly’s 1736 Maleische spraakkunst Mahdi, Waruno
Wacana, Journal of the Humanities of Indonesia Vol. 19, No. 2
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A brief biography of George Henrik Werndly and description of contemporaneous development of linguistics is followed by a perusal of Melchior Leydekker’s and Petrus van der Vorm’s policy of strictly using Classical Malay in Christian publication, that served as basis of Werndly’s work. Then, a detailed perusal of Werndly’s 1736 Malay grammar, in particular the divisions (“books”) on (I) spelling, (II) morphology, and (III) syntax, is illustrated by reproductions of original text passages. Elements of the complicated Latin-script spelling are demonstrated in detail and compared with that of other authors in separate tables. Werndly’s grammatical terminology is considered, and where Arabisms are used, Werndly’s spelling is provided besides modern Indonesian cognates and Arabic etymons. Signs of a likely precolonial Malayan grammar tradition are inspected. Finally, the partly unexpected influence of Werndly’s work on language policy of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries is inspected.
Utterance-final particles in Klang Valley Malay Hoogervorst, Tom G.
Wacana, Journal of the Humanities of Indonesia Vol. 19, No. 2
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Abstract

This paper examines a group of small morphemes analysed as “utterance-final particles” in the Malay variety of the Klang Valley, West Malaysia. It provides a preliminary investigation into their usage and diachronic evolution, connecting fieldwork-based findings with extant research on other Malay varieties. There is no univocal definition of utterance-final particles – known by other scholars as “discourse particles” or “pragmatic particles” – nor broad agreement on the term’s conceptual validity. Most previous research on Malay varieties approaches these units as unbound morphemes with no grammatical and little obvious lexical meaning, relegating their functionality to the realm of pragmatics. This study calls attention to data from Klang Valley Malay to demonstrate that particles cannot easily be divided into “grammatical” and “pragmatic” categories. Most utterance-final particles discussed here are etymologically derived from verbs, adverbs, interjections and other word classes and can at best be classified as “part-time” pragmatic particles. They display varying levels of grammaticality and pragmaticality depending on their intonation and syntactic position.
Notes on structural distinctions in Malay dialects Ogloblin, Alexander K.
Wacana, Journal of the Humanities of Indonesia Vol. 19, No. 2
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Some features of phonology, morphophonemics, and morphology are offered, which seem to be useful for classifying Malay dialects on structural basis. Dialectal differences with Standard Malay are illustrated on minor samples of Johor and Kelantan dialects recorded during author’s stay in Malaysia several decades ago.
Investigating Indonesian conversation; Approach and rationale Ewing, Michael C.
Wacana, Journal of the Humanities of Indonesia Vol. 19, No. 2
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Abstract

Colloquial Indonesian has often been described in terms of its differences from standard Indonesian, but with such an approach, aspects of informal language usage will go unexplored. This article proposes using the theoretical approach of Interactional Linguistics to more adequately describe the dynamic nature of Indonesian as actually used by its speakers. Interactional Linguistics emphasizes usage-based analysis of natural language data, especially conversation, in order to understand relationships between social actions and language structure. This article gives an overview of Interactional Linguistics, illustrated by two short English examples taken form the literature. It then presents an analysis of two aspects of Indonesian grammar – subject expression and clause structure – using an Interactional Linguistics approach to examine conversational data. By presenting an alternative analysis of two aspects of Indonesian grammar, this article aims to promote the use of Interactional Linguistics for examining the grammar of Indonesian and other languages of Indonesia.
Regular sound change; The evidence of a single example Adelaar, Alexander
Wacana, Journal of the Humanities of Indonesia Vol. 19, No. 2
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The Neogrammarians of the Leipzig School introduced the principle that sound changes are regular and that this regularity is without exceptions. At least as a working hypothesis, this principle has remained the basis of the comparative method up to this day. In the first part of this paper, I give a short account of how historical linguists have defended this principle and have dealt with apparent counter evidence. In the second part, I explore if a sound change can be regular if it is attested in one instance only. I conclude that it is, provided that the concomitant phonetic (and phonotactic) evidence supporting it is also based on regularity. If the single instance of a sound change is the result of developments which are all regular in themselves, it is still in line with the regularity principle.
The Sekujam language of West Kalimantan (Indonesia) Collins, James T.; Herpanus, Herpanus
Wacana, Journal of the Humanities of Indonesia Vol. 19, No. 2
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Almost two hundred years ago, O. van Kessel identified a language group based on a characteristic sound change that yielded -ai in the final position of some words (Van Kessel 1850: 166); Hudson (1970) named this group “Ibanic” after the Iban language widely spoken in Sarawak. Of the numerous members of the Ibanic branch of Malayic, perhaps the Sekujam language is the least known. Although Sujarni et al. (2008: 282-285) provided information about the location and traditions of the Sekujam ethnic group, there is very little information about the language. Based on available colonial and contemporary sources, this essay provides a sketch of this ethnic group, numbering perhaps only 3,000 people, split between two administrative units (residencies). Then, a brief overview of the phonology of Sekujam suggests some of its distinctive characteristics. There follows an overview of the sociolinguistic setting of the Sekujam-speaking communities in the Sekadau residency reflecting the status and functions of Sekujam in the language ecology of this multilingual area. Of interest perhaps is the praxis of split dialogic bilingualism documented in some of the area’s villages and the role of Sekujam in traditional rituals of at least one other ethnic group. Much work remains in the face of rapid social, demographic and economic change.

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