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International Journal of Essential Competencies in Education
Published by Lembaga Penelitian dan Pemberdayaan Masyarakat
ISSN : -     EISSN : 29622131     DOI : 10.36312/ijece
Core Subject : Education,
Education Mathematics Other
International Journal of Essential Competencies in Education (IJECE) is an international peer-reviewed journal that focuses on the development, implementation, assessment, and sustainability of essential competencies in the 21st-century education requirements such as: model and learning strategy; collaboration; communication; critical thinking skills; creative thinking skills; metacognition; scientific curiosity; innovative learning; information, media, and technology literacy; problem-solving; decision making; design thinking; computational thinking
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Sosial - Pendidikan
Articles 80 Documents
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Exploring the Potential of Virtual Reality (VR) in Developing Students' Thinking Skills: A Narrative Review of the Last Five Years Faresta, Rangga Alif; Nicholas, Teo Zhao Ser Bryan; Chi, Yixuan; Sinambela, Indah Astri Natalia; Mopoliu, Abdul Ziqron
International Journal of Essential Competencies in Education Vol. 3 No. 2: December 2024
Publisher : Lembaga Penelitian dan Pemberdayaan Masyarakat (LITPAM)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36312/ijece.v3i2.2407

Abstract

Addressing the persistent issue of inadequate critical thinking skills among students, this study examines the potential of Virtual Reality (VR) to transform educational practices. Traditional teaching methods often prioritize rote memorization, limiting opportunities for higher-order cognitive processes such as analysis, synthesis, and evaluation. This narrative review synthesizes findings from the past five years, focusing on VR’s ability to enhance thinking skills. Employing a systematic literature search via Scopus, 24 reviewed studies were analyzed, highlighting VR’s immersive and interactive capabilities in fostering critical thinking, problem-solving, and engagement. Results indicate that VR surpasses traditional methods by offering experiential learning scenarios, promoting collaboration, and addressing diverse educational needs. Applications in STEM and professional education demonstrate improved cognitive outcomes, including spatial reasoning, decision-making, and retention of abstract concepts. However, challenges such as high costs, infrastructural constraints, and teacher training gaps hinder widespread adoption. Ethical considerations around data privacy and inclusivity further underscore the need for strategic implementation. This study concludes that VR holds transformative potential in education, provided challenges are addressed through targeted investments, interdisciplinary innovations, and inclusive practices. Future research should emphasize long-term studies and integrate emerging technologies like AI and AR to maximize VR’s impact on cognitive skill development.
Transforming Education with ChatGPT: Advancing Personalized Learning, Accessibility, and Ethical AI Integration Asy'ari, Muhammad; Sharov, Sergii
International Journal of Essential Competencies in Education Vol. 3 No. 2: December 2024
Publisher : Lembaga Penelitian dan Pemberdayaan Masyarakat (LITPAM)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36312/ijece.v3i2.2424

Abstract

The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in education, exemplified by tools like ChatGPT, represents a transformative shift in teaching and learning methodologies. This study explores ChatGPT’s role in advancing personalized learning, empowering educators, and enhancing accessibility within educational ecosystems. Using a systematic literature review supported by bibliometric analysis, the paper identifies key trends and insights into AI-driven educational technologies. Findings demonstrate ChatGPT's capacity to personalize instruction by generating adaptive content, delivering real-time feedback, and facilitating curriculum development. It also alleviates educators' workloads through automated grading, lesson planning, and administrative support. However, challenges such as ethical concerns regarding data privacy, inherent AI biases, and potential over-reliance on automation hinder its widespread adoption. The study emphasizes the necessity of ethical guidelines, transparency, and balanced AI integration to mitigate these risks. In conclusion, ChatGPT holds substantial potential for improving educational outcomes by fostering inclusive, adaptive, and efficient learning environments. Future efforts should focus on refining AI technologies to reduce biases, uphold data privacy, and equip educators with the skills needed to effectively integrate AI into pedagogical practices. Responsible and ethical implementation will be key to unlocking ChatGPT's full potential in education.
Involving STEM Students in Critical Analysis Tasks on the Processes of Modifying Optical Properties of Materials Bilad, Muhammad Roil; Doyan, Aris
International Journal of Essential Competencies in Education Vol. 2 No. 2 (2023): December
Publisher : Lembaga Penelitian dan Pemberdayaan Masyarakat (LITPAM)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36312/ijece.v2i2.1597

Abstract

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360-Degree Feedback: An Innovative Strategy to Measure Students' Soft Skills in the “Asistensi Mengajar” Program Mentari, Sriyani; Nuraini, Umi; Fauzan, Slamet
International Journal of Essential Competencies in Education Vol. 4 No. 2 (2025): December
Publisher : Lembaga Penelitian dan Pemberdayaan Masyarakat (LITPAM)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36312/t4nmbg76

Abstract

Assessing soft skills in Indonesia’s “Teaching Assistance/Asistensi Mengajar” (AM) program remains a challenge, as evaluations have typically focused on teaching performance and relied on self or supervising teacher assessments, overlooking the multidimensional and context-dependent nature of soft skills. This study addresses this gap by implementing a 360-degree feedback model to provide a more comprehensive evaluation of AM participants’ soft skills. Four assessor groups were involved: college students (self-assessment), peers, supervising teachers, and vocational students. Using a descriptive-analytical quantitative design, data were collected from 330 respondents and analyzed with descriptive statistics, the Kruskal–Wallis test, and Dunn’s post hoc test. The results showed that communication received the highest mean self-rating (M = 4.28, SD = 0.60), while adaptation received the lowest (M = 3.85, SD = 0.58). Significant perceptual gaps were found across assessor groups, particularly in adaptation, where students rated themselves lower than peers (Z = 5.00, p < .001, r = .43) and supervising teachers (Z = 2.83, p = .019, r = .24). Conversely, in communication, self-assessments were higher than those of vocational students (Z = 5.12, p < .001, r = .45). These findings demonstrate that assessor perspectives differ systematically, reflecting self-efficacy biases and relational expectations. Practically, the study provides empirical evidence that integrating 360-degree assessments into AM can identify hidden competency gaps and guide targeted training interventions, particularly in adaptation skills, while ensuring that student voices are formally included in program evaluation.
A Systematic Review of Threshold Concepts in Higher Education: Characteristics, Learning Barriers, and Pedagogical Interventions Firdaus, Laras; Dewi, Ika Nurani; Primawati, Sri Nopita; Hulyadi, Hulyadi; Sabrun, Sabrun; Azmi, Irham
International Journal of Essential Competencies in Education Vol. 4 No. 2 (2025): December
Publisher : Lembaga Penelitian dan Pemberdayaan Masyarakat (LITPAM)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36312/qerb8q19

Abstract

This systematic review synthesises peer-reviewed empirical and conceptual research on threshold concepts (TC) in higher education published between 2015 and 2025. The review aims to examine how threshold concepts are theorised, operationalised, and empirically investigated across disciplinary contexts, with particular attention to their defining characteristics, associated learning difficulties, and pedagogical implications. Following a rigorous process of database searching, screening, and eligibility assessment, a total of 26 studies were included, comprising 11 peer-reviewed journal articles and 15 articles reporting empirical studies. The analysis integrates qualitative, quantitative, and mixed-methods studies to generate three key contributions: (1) a refined synthesis of TC characteristics as epistemic and, in some cases, ontological turning points in learning; (2) a structured categorisation of learning challenges associated with threshold crossing, including cognitive, affective, and contextual dimensions; and (3) an overview of pedagogical approaches designed to support learners during liminal phases. Findings indicate that TC consistently facilitate transitions from surface understanding to disciplinary ways of knowing, although their forms and manifestations vary across fields. While pedagogical interventions increasingly acknowledge the necessity of learning difficulty, robust longitudinal evidence remains limited. The review concludes with practical indicators for educators, and methodological recommendations, especially the need for longitudinal study, mixed methods design, and clearer operational criteria to strengthen future research and curriculum design.
When Inquiry Isn’t Enough: Why Structured Reflection Can Strengthen Preservice Science Teachers’ Critical Thinking Verawati, Ni Nyoman Sri Putu; Wahyudi, Wahyudi; Nisrina, Nina
International Journal of Essential Competencies in Education Vol. 4 No. 2 (2025): December
Publisher : Lembaga Penelitian dan Pemberdayaan Masyarakat (LITPAM)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36312/waxp5a03

Abstract

Inquiry-based learning is frequently treated as a ready-made route to critical thinking, but classroom inquiry often becomes procedural unless students are pushed to examine assumptions, justify claims, and revise interpretations. This commentary discusses the focal study “Emphasizing reflective processes in scientific inquiry and its impact on preservice science teachers’ critical thinking skills” and argues that its strongest contribution is showing how structured reflective elements can turn inquiry activities into repeated practice in reasoning. At the same time, the evidence should be read carefully: the gains are very large, and the intervention bundles several supports (anomalies, monitoring worksheets, prompts, and feedback) that may each contribute. We outline alternative explanations, identify what the study clarifies and what it does not yet prove, and offer implications for future research designs and teacher-education practice.
Students’ Reactions Toward the Use of An AI-Powered Website for Learning Cardiovascular Biology Babalola, Ebenezer Omolafe; Olumorin, Charles Olubode; Omolafe, Eyiyemi Veronica
International Journal of Essential Competencies in Education Vol. 4 No. 2 (2025): December
Publisher : Lembaga Penelitian dan Pemberdayaan Masyarakat (LITPAM)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36312/2e4ngb50

Abstract

Artificial Intelligence-powered websites (AI-PW) leverage artificial intelligence to deliver personalised and adaptive learning experiences, enhancing engagement and accessibility. Despite their potentials, there is a shortage of empirically validated-AI resources for learning Cardiovascular Biology (CVB) in Nigeria. This study investigated students’ reactions toward the use of an AI-powered website for learning CVB in Nigeria. The study adopted a research design involving undergraduates from two purposively selected universities in Ilorin metropolis. A total of 68 students participated in the study. Data were collected using the Students’ Reaction Questionnaire (SRQ), which demonstrated a high reliability coefficient of 0.94. Descriptive statistics and t-tests were employed to analyze the data at a 0.05 level of significance. Findings revealed that students’ reactions toward the use of the AI-powered website for learning CVB were positive (x = 2.86 > 2.50). Furthermore, there was no significant difference in students’ reactions toward the use of the developed AI-powered website for learning CVB based on gender. The study concluded that the use of the BeeNCardiac AI-powered website positively influenced students’ learning experiences in cardiovascular biology. It is therefore recommended that students be encouraged to use the BeeNCardiac AI-powered website as a complementary tool for learning CVB in Nigerian universities.
Application of Project Based Learning Model by Using Flipbook Media to Improve the Narrative Text Writing Skill Lestari, Hadi; Cahyono, Bambang Eko Hari; Huda, Muhammad Binur
International Journal of Essential Competencies in Education Vol. 4 No. 2 (2025): December
Publisher : Lembaga Penelitian dan Pemberdayaan Masyarakat (LITPAM)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36312/zgcjb261

Abstract

The research aims to get a clear description about the application of Project Based Learning Model by using Flipbook media to improve the narrative text writing skill at the fifth grade students of SDN 4 Margopatut. The research used a classroom action research method with the type of participant research. The informants in this study were the school principal, grade fifth teacher, and grade fifth students. Events in this research were all forms of learning activities in the classroom. The documents of this research were lesson plans, syllabus, and score list. The data collection techniques used was interviews, observations, narrative text writing tests, and documentation. The data collection instruments in this research were interview instruments, observation sheets, and assessment sheets for narrative text writing skills. The results showed that the application of learning to write narrative text by applying the Project Based Learning model with Flipbook media to fifth grade students of SDN 4 Margopatut have improved, both the learning process and the results of writing narrative text. The improvement of the learning process can be seen from the increasing value of student attitudes in learning each cycle. The average score of students before the study was 69. In Cycle I, the average student score increased by 7% to 74. In Cycle II, the students' average score increased by 8% to 80. 11 out of 13 or 85% fifth grade students of SDN 4 Margopatut, got score above the minimum completeness criteria.
Nurturing Prospective STEM Teachers' Critical Thinking Skill through Virtual Simulation-Assisted Remote Inquiry in Fourier Transform Courses Bilad, Muhammad Roil; Anwar, Kaspul; Hayati, Susruhiyatun
International Journal of Essential Competencies in Education Vol. 1 No. 1 (2022): June
Publisher : Lembaga Penelitian dan Pemberdayaan Masyarakat (LITPAM)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36312/ijece.v1i1.728

Abstract

Alignment of inquiry learning has embarked on remote inquiry as a replacement for face-to-face inquiry. On the other hand, the current technological developments bring opportunities to use it as a learning resource to support critical thinking. The current study explores the impact of virtual simulation-assisted remote inquiry in Fourier transform courses on prospective STEM teachers' (PST) critical thinking (CT) skills. The experimental design employed a randomized pretest-posttest control group was employed. Two groups of samples were randomized: the experimental group, n = 30, and the control group, n = 30. The treatment of learning was different in each group. The experimental group was conducted by virtual simulation-assisted remote inquiry, while the control group was conducted by online learning without inquiry and simulation. The measured CT skills aspects included analytical, inference, evaluation, and decision-making measured by an essay test instrument. The results were then analyzed descriptively and statistically. The results confirm that the virtual simulation-assisted remote inquiry significantly improved PST CT in Fourier transform courses. The virtual simulation-assisted remote inquiry learning was better than courses with online learning without inquiry and simulation. The virtual simulation-assisted remote inquiry provided conceptual formation and application of concepts. It strengthened the opportunities for the PSTs to train their CT skills.
The Experimental Experience of Motion Kinematics in Biology Class Using PhET Virtual Simulation and Its Impact on Learning Outcomes Verawati, Ni Nyoman Sri Putu; Handriani, Lia Saptini; Prahani, Binar Kurnia
International Journal of Essential Competencies in Education Vol. 1 No. 1 (2022): June
Publisher : Lembaga Penelitian dan Pemberdayaan Masyarakat (LITPAM)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36312/ijece.v1i1.729

Abstract

This study aimed to provide biology students with a motion kinematics experimental experience using virtual PhET simulations and explore the improvement of their physics learning outcomes. Pre-experimental (pretest-posttest experimental design) was conducted in this study, pretest-posttest was carried out before and after the learning treatment, while the learning treatment was motion kinematics experiment using virtual PhET simulation. The research sample was taken purposively, they were 24 students of the Biology Education Study Program, FKIP Mataram University who took Basic Physics courses. Student learning outcomes were measured using a test instrument. Learning outcomes data were analyzed descriptively with the average score of achievement or performance of students' cognitive learning outcomes on pretest and posttest, as well as n-gain analysis. In addition, statistical analysis (Wilcoxon test) was used to determine the difference in the average score of student learning outcomes between pre-posttest (p < 0.05). The results of the descriptive analysis showed that the average score of student learning outcomes increased from pretest to posttest with successive criteria from "less" to "good," an increase in student learning outcomes with high criteria with an n-gain score of 0.71. The results of the statistical test showed that there was a significant difference in the average score of student learning outcomes before and after the motion kinematics experiment using PhET virtual simulation. The results in this study provide a learning experience related to ways of conducting physics concepts that are more meaningful in the learning process that can be widely used in routine physics teaching in the classroom.

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