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COCOS
Published by Universitas Sam Ratulangi
ISSN : -     EISSN : 27150070     DOI : 10.35791
Core Subject : Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry
Jurnal ini memuat materi yang berkaitan dengan Pertanian. Menyangkut Tanah, Budidaya Pertanian, Proteksi Tanaman, Teknologi Pertanian dan Sosial Ekonomi Pertanian
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Semua) - Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Lain-Lain)
Articles 831 Documents
 78   79   80   81   82 
INVENTARISASI ANGGREK HUTAN DI TAHURA GUNUNG TUMPA Efendy Renaldo Karoy; Reynold P. Kainde; Euis F. Pangemanan
COCOS Vol. 14 No. 4 (2022): EDISI OKTOBER-DESEMBER 2022
Publisher : Universitas Sam Ratulangi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35791/cocos.v1i1.38918

Abstract

ABSTRACT Taxonomically, orchids belong to the Orchidaceae family, one of the taxa with the most species and habitat diversity. In Indonesia there are about 6,000 species of orchids or about 23% of the 26,000 species of orchids in the world. This study aims to conduct an inventory of forest orchid species and analyze the diversity index of orchid species in the nature conservation area of TAHURA Gunung Tumpa. This research was carried out in May 2021. Data collection was carried out using an exploratory method by following 8 transect lines based on the 8 cardinal directions. Data collection for orchids was carried out from morning to evening at 07:00 - 16:00 WITA. The resulting inventory of forest orchid species in TAHURA Gunung Tumpa found 184 individuals consisting of 8 orchid species. There were 3 terrestrial orchids (Nervilia aragoana, Calanthe triplicata, Eulophia spectabilis) and 5 epiphytic orchids (Phalaenopsis amabilis, Pholidota imbricata, Dendrobium sp, Diplocaulobium sp, Eria iridifolia). The orchid species diversity index at TAHURA Gunung Tumpa falls in the medium category with a value of H' = 1.29
KEHILANGAN HASIL PASCA PANEN KEDELAI PADA PROSES PERONTOKAN MENGGUNAKAN MESIN PERONTOK KEDELAI TIPE MPT001 Jovanka P. Lengkey; Lady C. Ch. E. Lengkey; Frans Wenur
COCOS Vol. 13 No. 3 (2021): EDISI JULI-SEPTEMBER 2021
Publisher : Universitas Sam Ratulangi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35791/cocos.v4i4.38947

Abstract

Abstract The purpose of this study was to describe the operating conditions and performance of the soybean thresher MPT001 type during the threshing process, determine the total losses in threshing process using soybean thresher machine MPT001 and determine the rendemen of soybean thresher machine type MPT001. The results showed that the average engine rotation per minute 639.24 RPM and the average thresher capacity was 33.19 kg/h (grain) at 17,8 % moisture content. The results also show that losses of soybean threshing are those unthreshed soybean seed at the output hole averaged (5.23 ± 0.26) % and the losses are those unthreshed soybean seed that escape the thresher at the rear with stove (2.51 ± 0.81) %. Total loss of threshing used MPT001 type soybean thresher machine is (7.74 ± 0.92) %. The yields of machine 18.18 %, 18.06 % and 18.93 % respectively with an average of 18.39 %. Key words: soybean, thresher, machine performance, losses, yields
PENGARUH PROPORSI KOMPOSISI CAMPURAN BUAH PISANG RAJA (Musa paradisiaca L.) DAN BUAH NANAS (Ananas comosus L.) DALAM PEMBUATAN FRUIT LEATHER Manoppo Angelica Aprilia; Oessoe Yoakhim; Langi Tineke; Lamaega Jolanda
COCOS Vol. 14 No. 4 (2022): EDISI OKTOBER-DESEMBER 2022
Publisher : Universitas Sam Ratulangi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35791/cocos.v1i1.39328

Abstract

ABSTRACT Keywords: Fruit leather, Pineapple, Plaintain ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan rasio buah pisang raja dan nanas yang disukai oleh panelis serta menganalisa komposisi kimia yang terdapat dalam fruit leather yang dihasilkan. Komposisi kimia yang diuji adalah kadar air dan total gula. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dengan lima perlakuan perbandingan bubur buah pisang raja dan nanas, setiap perlakuan diulang sebanyak tiga kali. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perbandingan buah pisang raja dan nanas berpengaruh nyata terhadap total gula namun tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap kadar air dari fruit leather yang dihasilkan. Semakin tinggi proporsi buah nanas (semakin sedikit proporsi pisang raja) yang digunakan menghasilkan total gula dan kadar air yang semakin tinggi dan tekstur yang lunak. Komposisi kimia dari fruit leather yang dihasilkan yaitu kadar air 12,08% - 15,71% dan total gula berkisar antara 56,58% - 69,20%. Fruit leather yang paling disukai berdasarkan uji organoleptik terhadap 25 panelis terdapat pada perlakuan B yaitu 65% buah pisang raja dan 35% buah nanas, dengan nilai kesukaan aroma 3,4 (suka), kesukaan warna 3,52 (suka), kesukaan rasa 3,76 (suka), kesukaan tekstur 3,52 (suka), kadar air 13,70% dan total gula 61,23%. Kata Kunci: Fruit leather, Nanas, Pisang raja This research aims to obtain the ratio of the plantain and pineapple that is liked by the panelist and analyzes the chemical composition found in the resulting fruit leather. The chemical composition of being tested is moisture content and total of sugar. The study used a complete randomized draft with five treatment comparison plantain and pineapple fruit pulp, each treatment repeated three times. The results showed comparing the plantain and pineapple had have real effect on the total of sugar but not had have real effect on the moisture content of the resulting fruit leather. The higher the proportion of pineapple fruit (the fewer proportion of plantains) is used brought higher total of sugar and moisture content and soft texture. The chemical composition of fruit leather produced by the water content of 12.08% - 15.71% and total sugar ranged between 56.58% - 69.20%. Fruit leather is most preferred based on organoleptic test of 25 panelist found in the treatment B is 65% of plantains and 35% of pineapple, with a preferred flavour value is 3.4 (like), preferred color value 3.52 (like), taste preferences value 3.76 (like), texture preferences value 3.52 (like), water content 13.70% and total of sugar 61.23%.Keywords: Fruit leather, Pineapple, Plaintain
KAJIAN PERBANDINGAN PRODUKSI ASAP CAIR DARI TEMPURUNG SABUT KELAPA DAN TONGKOL JAGUNG1) Stefy Wagiu; Dedie Tooy; Ruland Rantung
COCOS Vol. 14 No. 4 (2022): EDISI OKTOBER-DESEMBER 2022
Publisher : Universitas Sam Ratulangi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35791/cocos.v1i1.39715

Abstract

ABSTRACTThis study aims to compare the quality of liquid smoke products using three raw materials,namely shell, coconut fiber and corn cobs. This research is expected to provide informationabout the manufacture of liquid smoke that is more efficient, so that it becomes the basis for thedevelopment of a more efficient liquid smoke maker in the future. Liquid smoke is a liquidsmoke vapor condensate resulting from the pyrolysis of wood. Phenolic compounds, carbonyland organic acids contained in liquid smoke play an important role as odor removers andrepellents. Thus it can be seen that the method of fumigation with liquid smoke can be easierand cheaper in plant care.This study used an experimental method and analyzed descriptively. The materials used in theprocess of making this liquid smoke were 90 kg shell, 90 kg coconut coir and 90 kg corn cob.Each treatment in the combustion process of making liquid smoke as much as 30 kg.Observations in this study were carried out from the comparison of raw materials to achieve thedesired liquid smoke results.From the results of the research, the yield of liquid smoke from the shell was 6.027 % 2. withthe performance of the tool 66.96%. The yield of corn cobs was 3,458% with the performanceof the tool 49.4 and the yield of the coconut coir was 2.964% with the performance of the tool49.4%. 3. With 30 kg of raw material for each shell, coconut coir and corn cobs require differentproduction times. The shell takes 9 hours, coconut coir 6 hours and corn cobs 7 hours.
KAJIAN PROSES PRODUKSI MINYAK KELAPA DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN ALAT DAN MESIN PENGOLAHAN KELAPA SKALA INDUSTRI KECIL Defly I. C. Hansang; Dedie Tooy; Daniel P.M. Ludong
COCOS Vol. 14 No. 4 (2022): EDISI OKTOBER-DESEMBER 2022
Publisher : Universitas Sam Ratulangi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35791/cocos.v1i1.39730

Abstract

ABSTRACT Coconut oil is one of the potential coconut processing products to increase the added value for farmers in North Sulawesi. Actually, quite a lot of coconut oil processing has been done by North Sulawesi farmers, but the manufacturing process still uses a lot of traditional equipment. So the processing is less efficient and takes a long time. In an effort to increase coconut oil productivity, the government has provided assistance with small industrial scale coconut oil processing equipment to several farmer groups in the community and socialized how to process coconut oil from input to output. The purpose of this research is to examine the coconut oil production process using small industrial scale coconut processing tools and machines. This research was conducted with an experimental method in which several equipments were tested . The materials used were hybrid coconut and coconut in mapanget aged 11-12 months and also KOH and bentonite, as many as 750 coconuts each. Coconut processing on the existing equipment system carried out in this study is, peeling, washing, cleaning, draining, squeezing, separating and left for 24 hours. After 24 hours, the resulting coconut cream is cooked using a frying pan with the same stove for cooking the coconut cream then heated for 1/2 hour at a controlled temperature. The results of cooking are continued using a mixer, vacuum, filtering, packaging. The performance of the tool is influenced by the existing power transmission engine, and the skill of the operator in each stage of work is very important. It is recommended for maximum use of the tool, given special training to the operator.
KARAKTERISRIK SENSORIS DAN FISIKO KIMIA SELAI CAMPURAN BUAH SIRSAK (Annona muricata L) DENGAN UBI JALAR UNGU (Ipomea batatas L) Hendra Rahim; Teltje Koapaha; Jan R. Assa
COCOS Vol. 14 No. 4 (2022): EDISI OKTOBER-DESEMBER 2022
Publisher : Universitas Sam Ratulangi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35791/cocos.v1i1.42746

Abstract

ABSTRACT This study aims to obtain the ratio of soursop fruit and purple sweet potato favored by the panelists and to analyze the chemical composition of the resulting jam. The chemical compositions tested were water content and total dissolved solids. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with 5 treatments with variations of soursop fruit pulp and purple sweet potato pulp, each treatment was repeated three times. The results showed that the ratio of soursop fruit and purple sweet potato had a significant effect on the water content but had no significant effect on the total soluble solids of the resulting jam. The composition of the resulting water content ranged from 38.56% - 46.58% and the total dissolved solids ranged from 65.66 brix – 66.66 brix. Based on the results of the sensory analysis of the panelists' preference for purple sweet potato soursop jam, namely color 3.76 - 6.08 (neutral - like), aroma 3.60 - 4.24 (neutral), taste 4.28 - 5.40 ( neutral - somewhat like), and texture 4.84 - 5.56 (somewhat like - like). Spreading power 5.36 -6.08 jam (easy to spread). And the jam color (color grab) L (brightness) 39.90 – 69.73. a* (reddish red) 3.80 – 42.23. And b* (red-brown) 8.89 – 19.36. Keywords: Jam, Soursop, Purple Sweet Potato
MODIFIKASI ALAT PENGERING ENERGI SURYA TIPE RAK UNTUK PENGERINGAN BAHAN PANGAN Noviset Tumbal; Daniel P.M. Ludong; Lady C. Ch. E. Lengkey
COCOS Vol. 14 No. 4 (2022): EDISI OKTOBER-DESEMBER 2022
Publisher : Universitas Sam Ratulangi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35791/cocos.v1i1.42747

Abstract

ABSTRACT This study aims to modify a racks-type dryer with a combination of electrical energy and sunlight and to design a heat distribution system for the 3 (three) drying racks to be uniform and the drying temperature can be maintained optimally. This study uses an experimental design method with a trial and error form. The implementation of this research includes the stages of modification, testing, as well as observation and data processing (temperature and humidity). After the dryer was modified, an experiment was carried out to dry the cayenne pepper. The result of the modification of a shelf-type solar dryer consists of several main components, namely a drying chamber, solar collector, and heating/electric element with dimensions of a rectangular drying chamber measuring 100 cm long, 60 cm wide, and 120 cm high, as well as a solar collector. measuring 215 cm long, 125 cm wide at the bottom, 50 cm wide at the top, and 16 cm thick. The experimental results obtained, namely the highest average temperature on each shelf, namely the top shelf 69.80 oC, the middle shelf 66.10 °C, and the bottom shelf 57°C. while the lowest RH on each shelf is the top shelf 11.50%, the middle shelf 14.30% and the bottom shelf 21.30%.
PENGARUH TERAS BANGKU DALAM MENGURANGI EROSI TANAH PADA LAHAN PERTANIAN DI DESA PONOMPIAAN KABUPATEN BOLAANG MONGONDOW R. Anau; D. Rumambi; L. Kalesaran
COCOS Vol. 15 No. 1 (2023): EDISI JANUARI-MARET 20223
Publisher : Universitas Sam Ratulangi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35791/cocos.v1i1.42997

Abstract

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to calculate the amount of erosion on land using bench terraces compared to land without using bench terraces and also to examine the effect of bench terraces in reducing erosion on agricultural land in Ponompiaan Vilagge, Bolaang Mongondow Regency. The method in this study is an experimental study in open land which was deliberately chosen because it has a certain slope in accordance with the research abjectives. And the data is presented in the form of tables and graphs and then analyzed descriptively. Based on the data obtained that soil and water conservation techniques in this case the use of bench terraces are very effective in preventing erosion in sloping land, data collection in this study was carried out for 51 days with 16 observations, daily rainfall data taken from the nearest station quite consistent with monthly rainfall data for 2021 from the BMKG of North Sulawesi. This study did not measure the intensity of rainfall. The data shows that the amount of rainfall and the duration of the occurrence of rain affect the sediment collected on land using bench terraces and non-terrace land (control). Judging from the existing data, the amount of sediment on the experimental land using the bench terraces was 56.69 kg, while the sediment on the non-core (control) was 163.3 kg. Data from land using bench terraces and non-terrace land (control) showed that the difference in sediment was 65.6 % greater than the sediment collected on nonterrace land (control). Keywords : Erosion, Bench Terrace, Conservation
EVALUASI SISTEM ALOKASI AIR PADA MUSIM TANAM (MT-I) TAHUN 2021 DI DAERAH IRIGASI TALAWAAN KABUPATEN MINAHASA UTARA S. Tombeng; L. Kalesaran; D. Rumambi
COCOS Vol. 15 No. 1 (2023): EDISI JANUARI-MARET 20223
Publisher : Universitas Sam Ratulangi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35791/cocos.v1i1.42998

Abstract

ABSTRACT Based on data from the Ministry of PUPR as stated in the PUPR Ministerial Regulation No. 14 of 2015 concerning Criteria and Status of Irrigation Areas, the area of the Talawaan Meras Irrigation Area (DI) is 1705 Ha, but over time observations in the field show that its functional area is decreasing. who made this research carried out, with the aim of getting an overview and identification of the components of the irrigation system, in order to be able to assess the condition of the air allocation system in the first planting season (MT-I) in 2021 and to know the management system. 2 This research is carried out directly in the field and data collection is carried out using a survey method to selected respondents, and measurement or analysis of variables related to irrigation networks is carried out directly on the research object. Based on the data and information from the research, it can be said that, the condition of the irrigation infrastructure at the research site on the Talawaan irrigation network right from tapping gate 3, starting from dams, primary canals, secondary canals, tertiary canals, sharetapping buildings and sluice gates is still complete. and works well, so that the water discharge allocated at the intake point of tapping door 3 is sufficient so that it can meet the needs of the tertiary plots in the research location. Primary and secondary irrigation networks are still running well, while tertiary irrigation networks are relatively poorly managed due to the inactivity of P3A, so indications of decreasing functional area in the Talawaan Meras Irrigation Area are not proven at the study site, and are thought to occur in other locations. Keywords : Evaluation, Water Allocation, Growing Season.
UJI TEKNIS ALAT PENYULING DAUN CENGKEH METODE UAP SKALA KECIL Diana Marice Jitmau; Dedie Tooy; Ireine A. Longdong
COCOS Vol. 15 No. 1 (2023): EDISI JANUARI-MARET 20223
Publisher : Universitas Sam Ratulangi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35791/cocos.v1i1.42999

Abstract

ABSTRACT Clove plants contain essential oils found in flowers (10-20%), stalks (5-10%), leaves (1-4%). In many places, the clove leaf is not used optimally. This can be seen in clove plantations where the fallen leaves are left alone in the garden. Clove leaf processing equipment into essential oil is relatively limited, therefore a clove leaf distiller was designed the steam method. The yield and performance of the tool need to be measured, to find out the performance of the tool design that has been made. For this reason, this study aims to conduct a technical test of the tool with variations in the volume of water that will be vaporized differently by measuring the temperature of the kettle and the time the first drop of condensate occurs, the volume of oil, the temperature of the condenser, the yield and the 2 color of the oil. This study used an experimental method by conducting 3 (three) experiments with different boiler water volumes, P1: 15 liters of water, P2: 35 liters of water, and P3: 45 liters of water with 3 (three) replications in each experiment. The research data are presented in the form of graphs and tables. The results showed that the higher the volume of boiler water, the longer the time the first droplet of condensate occurred. At a boiler water volume of 15 liters, the first droplet of condensate occurs at a boiler temperature of 82.56 °C and the time of the first droplet of condensate occurs at the 95th minute, while the volume of boiler water is 35 liters and 45 liters occurs the first droplet of condensate at a boiler temperature of 66.33 °C and 91.33 °C and the time of the first droplet of condensate in the 100 minute and 110 minute. The volume of clove essential oil produced is increasing at a volume of 45 liters of boiler water as much as 6 ml, while the volume of 35 liters of boiler water is 5.3 ml and the volume of boiler water is 15 liters as much as 3 ml. The condenser temperature produced in all three boiler water volume experiments was 10 °C. The highest amendment was found in the volume of boiler water of 45 liters, which was 0.848%, in the volume of boiler water of 35 liters, which was 0.646% and the volume of boiler water of 15 liters, which was 0.621%. The color of the resulting oil is dark brown. Keywords : Essential oil, Clove leaf, Technical test, Steam method

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