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INDONESIA
COCOS
Published by Universitas Sam Ratulangi
ISSN : -     EISSN : 27150070     DOI : 10.35791
Core Subject : Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry
Jurnal ini memuat materi yang berkaitan dengan Pertanian. Menyangkut Tanah, Budidaya Pertanian, Proteksi Tanaman, Teknologi Pertanian dan Sosial Ekonomi Pertanian
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Semua) - Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Lain-Lain)
Articles 831 Documents
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UJI KUALITAS BRIKET SABUT KELAPA SEBAGAI SUMBER ENERGI BIOAMASSA ALTERNATIF E. Kambey; D. Tooy; D. Rumambi
COCOS Vol. 15 No. 1 (2023): EDISI JANUARI-MARET 20223
Publisher : Universitas Sam Ratulangi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35791/cocos.v1i1.43000

Abstract

ABSTRACT Indonesia has the potential of abundant natural resources in agriculture such as coconut plantations. The area of coconut plantations in Indonesia reaches 3,728,600 ha. Currently, Indonesian agricultural commodities are well known and their demand is increasing from various countries such as technological developments. Indonesia is able to produce 18.3 million tons of coconut in a year this number can increase from year to year so that Indonesia becomes the largest producer in this industry. In North Sulawesi, coconut yields in 2021 will reach 265,761 tons. North Sulawesi produces a lot of coconut, mostly in the form of copra. Coconut coir is used as a raw material for making charcoal briquettes that are environmentally friendly, easy to obtain and have high economic value. Based on the above, it is felt necessary to conduct research on coco briquettes by looking at the effect of mixing adhesives on the quality of briquettes. So the purpose of testing the water content, calorific value, rate of combustion and flame test of coconut fiber briquettes and starch as adhesives. The lowest air content is in the percentage of 95%: 5%, which is 18.97%, while the highest air content is in the mixing proportion of 90%: 10%, which is 19.56%. The results of the average briquette test showed that the lowest calorific value was 2244,614 cal/g using 5% adhesive, while the highest calorific value was 3225,8648% using 7.5% adhesive. The fastest average burning rate was in the 5% treatment with a time of 0.00126140 (g/s) and the longest burning rate was in the 7.5% treatment with a time of 0.001702662 (g/s). The fastest Self Burning Time is at a mixing proportion of 90%:10% with an initial ignition time of 05 minutes 10 seconds, while the longest Self Burning Time is at a percentage of 95%:5% with an initial ignition time of 06 minutes 08 seconds. The results of the test for boiling 1 liter of water, the sample mixture of 95% coconut coir briquettes: 5% starch takes a long time to boil 1 liter of water, which is 27 minutes 45 seconds. For 90% coconut coir briquette mixture: 10% starch, it takes a little faster, namely 25 minutes 33 seconds. Keywords: Charcoal briquettes, Coco coir, Initial ignition time, Biomass energy
KAJIAN SIFAT FISIK KEDELAI VARITAS ANJASMORO DI DESA LOLAH KECAMATAN TOMBARIRI KABUPATEN MINAHASA Johsi R. Rawung; Lady C. Ch. E. Lengkey; Robert Molenaar
COCOS Vol. 15 No. 1 (2023): EDISI JANUARI-MARET 20223
Publisher : Universitas Sam Ratulangi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35791/cocos.v1i1.43064

Abstract

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to measure the dimensions of length, width, and thickness of soybean seeds at (two) different moisture content at 14% moisture content at harvest and 9% after drying, as well as determine the arithmetic diameter and geometry of soybean seeds, calculate the weight of 1000 soybean seeds in ( two) different moisture content, namely water content at harvest 14% and after drying 9%, calculating roundness, bulk angle and friction angle of soybean seeds at (two) different moisture content at water content at harvest 14% and after drying 9%, and determine the bulk angle and friction angle of soybean seeds at (two) different moisture content at 14% water content at harvest and 9% after drying. The research method was carried out by the experimental method. Data were collected on soybean seeds with 2 levels of moisture content, namely the water content after threshing (14%) and after drying (9%). From the results of this study, the average length, width, and thickness of soybean seeds of the Anjasmoro variety were soybean seeds at 9% moisture content, respectively 7.54 mm, 6.21 mm, 5.04 mm, and at water content 14% respectively 7.70 mm, 6.22 mm, 5.07 mm, obtained an average weight of 100 soybean seeds 16.10 g. The average weight of 1000 soybean seeds is 161 g, the bulk angle of soybean seeds at 9% moisture content ranges (23.2 – 25.4) with the average value of soybean seeds at 9% moisture content and 14% moisture content ranging from ( 19.25º). The lowest bulk angle of soybean seeds was at 9% and 14% moisture content (20.03º – 18.05º) with an average value of soybean seeds 9% and 14% (18.58º – 20.09º) and the highest bulk angle of soybean seeds was at moisture content 9% and 14% (23.01º – 23.00º) the average value of soybean seeds 9% and 14% (21.29º – 21.08º). The average friction angle of soybean seeds at 9% moisture content (14.10º) and the average soybean seed at 14% moisture content (17.01º).
RESPON PERTUMBUHAN DAN PRODUKSI TANAMAN MENTIMUN (CUCUMIS SATIVUS L) YANG DITANAM PADA BEBERAPA UKURAN VOLUME MEDIA TANAM DALAM POLYBAG DENGAN TEKNIK IRIGASI TETES Virsawan Paputungan; Leo H. Kalesaran; Ruland A. Rantung
COCOS Vol. 15 No. 1 (2023): EDISI JANUARI-MARET 20223
Publisher : Universitas Sam Ratulangi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35791/cocos.v1i1.43099

Abstract

ABSTRACT This study aims to: 1. To measure the optimal amount of water use by the method of giving irrigation water, 2. To observe the relationship between the volume of planting media and the amount of irrigation water in cucumber plantations. This study was designed as an exploratory experimental research technique. Experiments were carried out on 5 polybag sizes/volume of planting media and each was repeated 3 times. The variables observed were the provision of water, number of leaves, number of fruit, fruit weight and shape of the root crown. The results of this study were 1. as much as 128,500 ml = 128.5 liters per plant, it turned out to be able to support and produce cucumber plants planted in polybags with the best production shown in experiments using 9 liter polybag sizes, 2. there was a positive response of plants to the treatment method drip irrigation and the amount of water given, and also showed a consistent relationship between plant vegetative growth (number of leaves) and the number and weight of fruit produced, namely the more leaves produced, the longer the roots and the width of the roots produced, the higher the number and the weight of the resulting fruit, where the highest production was achieved in the P5 treatment with an average number of 10 fruits/pot with a weight of 6,149 -6,354 kg. key words ; Cucumber, size of planting mediain polybag, drip irrigation.
PERFORMANCE TESTING OF THE “MAXXI CORN TYPE-G AUTOMATIC” COMBINE HARVESTER MACHINE FOR RICE RICE HARVESTING WITH TWO DIFFERENT TRANSMISSIONS IN TABABO VILLAGE, BELANG DISTRICT SOUTHEAST MINAHASA DISTRICT F. S. Ekel; L. C. CH. E. Lengkey; D. P. M. Ludong
COCOS Vol. 15 No. 1 (2023): EDISI JANUARI-MARET 20223
Publisher : Universitas Sam Ratulangi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35791/cocos.v1i1.43119

Abstract

ABSTRACT The purpose of the study was to test the performance of the Maxxi corn type-G automatic Combine harvester machine used to harvest lowland rice with two different transmissions which include, harvesting process, harvesting capacity and threshing capacity. The study was conducted in May 2020, in Tababo Village, Belang District, Southeast Minahasa Regency, North Sulawesi on the land of the Southeast Minahasa Agricultural Seed Center. The research method used is the experimental method, then the data obtained are presented in tabular form, and processed descriptively. The results showed that the theoretical field capacity and effective field capacity in gear 2 transmission were relatively larger than in gear 1 transmission and field efficiency in gear 1 transmission was relatively larger than field efficiency in gear 2 transmission bigger, that is 631.603 kg/hour compared to gear 1 transmission which is 432.54 kg/hour. The performance of the combine harvester machine is strongly influenced by the condition of the land at the time of harvesting, greatly affecting the movement and transmission of tools during harvesting. The time needed to harvest the rice is shorter. Combine harvester machine working capacity reaches 5 hours per hectare. The performance of the Maxxi corn combine harvester type-Gs automatic is strongly influenced by land area, land conditions, operator expertise and is also strongly influenced by gear 1 transmission and gear 2 transmission.
KARAKTERISTIK PENGERINGAN CABAI RAWIT (Capsicum Frutescens L) MENGGUNAKAN ALAT PENGERINGAN HYBRID TIPE RAK1) Samuel Arif Manongko; Lady C. Ch. E Lengkey; Daniel P. M Ludong
COCOS Vol. 15 No. 2 (2023): EDISI APRIL-JUNI 2023
Publisher : Universitas Sam Ratulangi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

ABSTRACT Chili plants are an agricultural commodity with great potential in Indonesia. The price of agricultural products is greatly influenced by the availability of materials in the market if the available goods are much less than the demand, the price will soar and vice versa. Therefore, to maintain chili peppers so that they can last for a long period of time it is necessary to carry out preservation in the form of drying. The temperature distribution during the drying process of cayenne pepper starts from the highest air temperature of each shelf, namely 13:00 with a temperature of 55,100C material temperature at 13:00 with a temperature of 55,400C, a collector temperature at 13:00 with a temperature of 63,800C and an ambient temperature of 360C. Air humidity greatly affects the drying process. The process of observing 46-hour air humidity, relatively low humidity occurs at 35 o'clock with the lower shelf hovering around 21.30%, the middle rack hovering around 14.30% hour to 46, the upper rack hovering around 13.40% while the environmental Rh hovering around 57.90% at 20 o'clock. The length of time for drying cayenne pepper using a rack-type hybrid dryer takes a span of 36 hours with the moisture content of cayenne pepper material on shelf 1 of 7.14%, shelf 2 of 7.14% while shelf 3 of 14.04%. The drying rate of cayenne pepper lower shelf, middle rack and upper rack is 11.61%/hour, 11.61%/hour and 2.91%/hour, respectively.
KARAKTERISTIK PENGERINGAN SAGU MENGGUNAKAN ALAT PENGERING TENAGA SURYA TIPE RAK1) Feyta Gloria Rawung; Daniel P. M. Ludong; Lady C. Ch. E. Lengkey
COCOS Vol. 15 No. 2 (2023): EDISI APRIL-JUNI 2023
Publisher : Universitas Sam Ratulangi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

ABSTRACT This study aims to test the performance of a solar dryer for drying sago. Performance tests include: temperature distribution pattern, relative humidity of the air in the drying chamber, changes in moisture content, drying time, and drying rate. The benefits of this research are expected to use a rack-type solar dryer to shorten the drying time and also this tool can provide an overview of the use of solar energy in the process of drying sago and drying other crops. During the drying process there has been a temperature difference between the bottom shelf, middle shelf, top shelf, chimney and ambient air temperature. The average relative humidity of the ambient air on the first day is 63.75% with a maximum condition of 67% and the lowest air relative humidity condition is 60% and the average relative humidity of the air inside the device on the first day is 34.62% with a maximum condition of 37% and the lowest air relative humidity condition is 33%. The average relative humidity of the ambient air on the second day is 65.66% with a maximum condition of 69% and the lowest air relative humidity condition of 62% and the average relative humidity of the air insi de the device is 35.83% with a maximum condition of 38% and the lowest air relative humidity condition is 33%. The mathematical model of the relationship between water content and time on the bottom shelf is y = 0.6305e- 0.127x with R² = 0.972 on the middle shelf y = 0.6149e-0.118x with R² = 0.9875 on the top shelf y = 0.6434e-0.11x with R² = 0.9649. The drying rate on each shelf is different and changes occur every time because it depends on the mass of the material. The average drying rate on the lower shelf is 3.40%, the middle shelf is 3.31%, and the upper shelf is 3.21%. To reach a moisture content of 11-14% requires a total of 13 hours for 2 days. Keywoards : sago drying, rack tipe solar dryer
KARAKTERISTIK PENGERINGAN BIJI PINANG MENGGUNAKAN EXPERIMENTAL DRYER Tori Yigibalom; Lady C. CH. E. Lengkey; Ireine A. Longdong
COCOS Vol. 15 No. 2 (2023): EDISI APRIL-JUNI 2023
Publisher : Universitas Sam Ratulangi

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Abstract

Abstract Areca nut seeds at harvest generally have a high water content, so to reduce the water content of betel nuts, namely drying or drying the betel nuts, they must be dried because if they contain high water content, the betel nuts will be easily damaged. To obtain the drying characteristics, thick sliced, medium sliced, and thin sliced areca seed layers were dried using an experimental dryer. This study aims to analyze temperature changes in the dryer during the drying process, determine the drying characteristics of areca nut meat including moisture content versus time, drying rate versus time and drying rate versus moisture content. The betel nut meat taken from the Malalayang One area is then sliced into 3 thicknesses, namely thick, medium and thin. Observations of temperature changes were carried out at the temperature of the material in each thickness, the ambient temperature, the plenum temperature and the temperature above the dried material. The temperature data is plotted and analyzed graphically. The water content was analyzed descriptively calculated based on the hourly weight loss. drying rate obtained from calculations and analyzed graphically. The results showed the temperature distribution in the plenum room, drying room, material temperature and drying room temperature. The water content decreased inversely with the change in time, the longer the drying time, the lower the water content in Areca seed, showing a pattern of decreasing water content in this experiment by showing an exponential pattern. Drying time for Areca nut seeds using this drying tool takes 9, 5, and 4 hours for thick, medium, and thin slices. The moisture content of Areca seed at the end of drying was 9.0%, 4.8% and 3.07 for thick, medium and thin slices, respectively. The drying rate of Areca seed relative to the drying time decreased the drying rate. The average drying rates for thick, medium, and thin slices were 7.92%/hour, 15.10%/hour, and 19.31%/hour, respectively. Keywords : Drying, Areca Nut, Experimental Dryer
PERANCANGAN DAN UJI KINERJA SPRINKLER SEDERHANA Esar Rante Kayangan; Ruland A. Rantung; Leo Kalesaran
COCOS Vol. 15 No. 2 (2023): EDISI APRIL-JUNI 2023
Publisher : Universitas Sam Ratulangi

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Abstract

AbstractSprinkler irrigation is a way of watering plants by spraying water into the air andfalling on the ground to resemble rain. Sprinklers are generally applied to commodities withhigh economic value, so sprinkler prices are also quite expensive. Sprinklers currentlycirculating in the market are sold in various models, some can rotate 180 to 360 degrees withdifferent beam distances. The purpose of this research is to design and manufacture a simplesprinkler prototype and examine the performance of the sprinkler prototype that is made. Themethod used is the experimental method and the descriptive analysis method, which focuseson performance testing using the prototype sprinkler that is made. This study used severalcomponents of the equipment such as 6 sprinklers , water pumps and piping networks in aland area of 18 m × 12 m. The variables observed in the study included: water discharge,pump rotation (rpm), uniformity coefficient (CU), jet distance, use of pump fuel. The resultsof this study indicate that the application of sprinkler irrigation water uses 6 sprinklerprototypes that were made and a Korobe WR 20X water pump, with a time of 2 minutes, 6sprinklers can release 154.12 L/minute of water with an average pump speed of 3,758. 33RPM and spent as much as 45 ml/minute of fuel. The farthest distance of the sprinkler beamis 3.5 meters.Keywords: design, performance test, sprinkler, radiance, water discharge
KAJIAN PENGGUNAAN CULTIVATOR TIPE MOTOYAMA MTE 70NL UNTUK PENGOLAHAN TANAH DI LAHAN KELOMPOK TANI SYALOM DESA PINASUNGKULAN KECAMATAN MODOINDING Junita .; Ruland Rantung; Leo Kalesaran
COCOS Vol. 15 No. 2 (2023): EDISI APRIL-JUNI 2023
Publisher : Universitas Sam Ratulangi

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Abstract

ABSTRACTThe Cultivator Motoyama MTE 70NL is an agricultural tool and machine provided by theGovernment of South Minahasa Regency for farmer groups in Modoinding District, for thedevelopment of upland projects. This cultivator is used for secondary tillage. Meanwhile, it isnecessary to know the performance of the tools distributed to farmers, so a study is needed tounderstand how the performance of the Motoyama MTE 70NL cultivator is like for tillage bothin conditions without rain and in rainy conditions. Rain conditions are used as a parameter tocompare cultivator performance with conditions without rain. In the treatment of soil conditionsafter rain, the calculation of rainfall is not carried out, even so after the rain is adjusted to the soilconditions, if the soil is too wet, it will be waited until the soil conditions can be processed. Thepurpose of this study was to analyze the performance of the Motoyama MTE 70NL typecultivator for tillage in 2 treatments, namely treatment 1 on soil conditions without rain andtreatment 2 on soil conditions after rain. The area of research land used is 5m x 30m on a flatexpanse. The variables observed in this study include: depth of tillage layer, speed, workingwidth of the tool, travel time, head land, fuel oil, and tool rpm. The results of this study indicatethat tillage using the Motoyama MTE 70NL cultivator in the first treatment resulted in a traveltime of 12.49 minutes, a head land of 49 seconds, fuel oil 213.14 ml, a depth of tillage layer of30 cm. In the two treatments, the travel time was 13.13 minutes, the head land was 50 seconds,the fuel oil was 219 ml, and the depth of the tillage layer was 30 cm. The engine RPM is 2,416.2r/min and the slow rotary gear rpm is 74.4 r/min. In treatment 1 KLT 0.074 ha/hour, KLE 0.071ha/hour, EL 95.94%. In treatment 2 KLT 0.074 ha/hour, KLE 0.069 ha/hour, EL 93.24%.Keywords: Cultivator, Soil Processing
KAJIAN PEMANFAATAN POMPA AIR BANTUAN PEMERINTAH UNTUK MENUNJANG IRIGASI PERTANIAN DI KABUPATEN Vilian F. Tumober; Leo H. Kalesaran; David P. Rumambi
COCOS Vol. 15 No. 2 (2023): EDISI APRIL-JUNI 2023
Publisher : Universitas Sam Ratulangi

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Abstract

AbstactThis research was conducted to determine the feasibility of using pumps infulfilling water for plants so that the farming system. Support for groundwaterirrigation by using pumps for farming activities in Minahasa Regency. Based onthe description above, research will be carried out on "Studies on the use ofgovernment-assisted water pumps to support agricultural irrigation in MinahasaRegency". The results showed that the most water pump assistance was providedin 2018 in Tombariri District, and the least in 2020 in Langowan and KakasDistricts were all donated to farmer groups. The pump assistance provided by thegovernment to farmer groups is the TWP 150 type of water pump, in reality in thefield the types of water pumps provided by the government are all the same,namely the Tanikaya TWP 150 water pump type with gasoline. Interview dataobtained from farmer groups receiving water pump assistance indicated that thereare two sources of water at the pump location, namely rivers and springs. Theresults of a survey conducted showed that the pump placement locations of allthose distributed were not placed in a certain place or no one used pump houses,because their use was carried out on a rotating basis so that the pumps wereplaced according to the needs in the field. The results obtained were that the useof government-assisted water pumps was not optimized properly because most ofthe assistance was not used properly or was rarely used, with the reason thatrainfall was insufficient and there were also pumps provided by the governmentthat the pump components were not complete, there were also pumps that hadbeen provided. switch to another tool.Keywords : Water pump, irrigation, utilization

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