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Power, Conflict and Democracy Journal
Published by Universitas Gadjah Mada
ISSN : 20850433     EISSN : 20850441     DOI : https://doi.org/ 10.22146/pcd
Core Subject : Humanities, Social,
Humanities Social Sciences
PCD Journal is an initiative to promote works and reports written in high-quality academic standard on the dynamics of power, conflict, and democracy in developing countries, particularly in South and Southeast Asia. Themes on practices of human rights, popular representation, and participatory-based public policy are amongst the interests of the initiative. It is considered that there is a serious lack of scholarly publishers within this geographical area and within these thematic fields, partly, due to the colonial pattern in international publication. PCD Publication seeks to alter the condition. The main discipline area of the initiative is social sciences with sub-discipline areas in political science, human geography, and political anthropology. We invite concerned scholars and experts in related themes to share and discuss their research, knowledge, and works in academically equal spirit. The published works and reports in PCD Journal are under the condition of having to pass through the peer review system, involving international academics and experts. PCD Journal is set up as a network project, currently, involving Universitas Gadjah Mada in Indonesia, the University Colombo in Sri Lanka, and the University of Oslo in Norway. Demos Indonesia (the Indonesian Centre for Democracy and Human Rights Studies), the Social Scientists’ Association of Sri Lanka, and the International Centre for Ethnic Studies, Sri Lanka, are added into the collaboration. PCD Journal is currently managed by Department of Politics and Government, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Gadjah Mada (DPP UGM). Operationally, it is managed by DPP UGM research and publication unit, named as PolGov (Research Centre for Politics and Government). This management is continuing what has been respectably initiated by the Centre for Southeast Asian Social Studies (CESASS UGM)
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Sosial - Ilmu Sosial (Lain-Lain)
Articles 68 Documents
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Advocacy Strategies of Labour Unions in Demanding Workers’ Rights during the COVID-19 Pandemic Novianto, Imam Satrio
PCD Journal Vol 12 No 1 (2024): PCD Journal Vol. 12 No. 1 2024
Publisher : PCD Press, Department of Politics and Government - Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/pcd.v12i1.16785

Abstract

This paper explores the strategies and advocacy steps taken by Serikat Pekerja Sejahtera Mandiri Jogja Bay Waterpark (Spektram JBW) during the COVID-19 pandemic causing 31 relieved of duty workers and 8 laid-off workers. This research uses a qualitative method with a case study approach. Through the analysis of advocacy theory from Sharma (2004) and contentious politics theory from Tarrow (2011), this paper shows that Spektram JBW's advocacy strategy follow five advocacy steps, namely identifying the root of the problem, formulating solutions, building political awareness, policy implementation, and evaluation. The five steps illustrate the process of contentious politics (movement process) with the formation of the union, and the unity of ordinary workers against the corporate elite. The advocacy resulted on two main demands were achieved but demand for worker status failed, and the process continued to the Industrial Relations Court (Pengadilan Hubungan Industrial, or PHI). The success of Spektram JBW is an example of success story providing a bright spot for other unions in Yogyakarta. The failure stems from the union culture in the area of DIY which lacks unions and the small scale of industry which makes it difficult to mobilise large numbers of workers.
From Competition to Configuration Trinanda, Ghea Anissah
PCD Journal Vol 12 No 1 (2024): PCD Journal Vol. 12 No. 1 2024
Publisher : PCD Press, Department of Politics and Government - Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/pcd.v12i1.16705

Abstract

This article examines the transformation of two types of knowledge—government/official knowledge, which represents "scientific" and “expertise”; and local knowledge, represented by the "Jalin Merapi" community, considered as “non-scientific” and layman's understanding. Both types of knowledge are linked by a common "boundary object" (Gieryn, 1983) of Mount Merapi, but they are often in a competition to influence public discourse. The main argument of this article is that integrating government/scientific and local/non-scientific knowledge can result in more effective disaster mitigation strategies. However, in Indonesia, there is a significant gap between these two types of knowledge systems, and competition often overshadows collaboration. Using a qualitative case study approach, the research highlights a shift in knowledge dynamics, from competition to collaboration, facilitated by the "Jalin Merapi" community. Despite this progress, the inclusion of local knowledge in policy making in Indonesia remains limited. This finding emphasises the importance of more inclusive policies that combine scientific knowledge with local insights to improve disaster management system in Indonesia.
The Political Dynamics of Space Behind the Jakarta–Bandung High-Speed Rail (Whoosh) Megaproject Development Mumtaz, Sarah
PCD Journal Vol 12 No 2 (2024): PCD Journal Vol. 12 No. 2 2024
Publisher : PCD Press, Department of Politics and Government - Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/pcd.v12i2.16597

Abstract

This paper explores the Jakarta–Bandung High-Speed Rail (HSR) megaproject, which began in 2016 and was completed in 2023. Currently, the high-speed train, known as "Whoosh," operates, connecting Jakarta and Bandung in just 30 minutes. The project highlights the competition between China and Japan in asserting their leadership in Asia's infrastructure investments. Under China's Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), the financing for this HSR project was sourced 75% from the China Development Bank, with the remaining 25% contributed from an Indonesian consortium. This study seeks to examine the impacts of the Indonesia—China HSR construction and analyze them through Henri Lefebvre’s Theory of the Production of Space (1991). The HSR requires space that it passes as well as train stations it stops. The location around train stations later transformed into a new economic zone. Thus HSR created physical and social spaces, including the process of meaning-making and control over representational of space. Using a qualitative approach, the study finds that the project has triggered significant spatial changes, transforming previously low-economic-value areas into high-value (capitalist) zones, marked by the dominance of capital owners and resource control, ultimately leading to conflicts over land rights at the community level. Global capital actors play a crucial role in the space shaping and making, and transportation technology serves as a entry point strategy.
Contested Waters Widiyanto, Andika
PCD Journal Vol 12 No 2 (2024): PCD Journal Vol. 12 No. 2 2024
Publisher : PCD Press, Department of Politics and Government - Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/pcd.v12i2.16675

Abstract

This study examines the mechanisms of community access to water from the Cipasauran River, Serang Regency, Banten, which has been disrupted by damming activities carried out by PT Krakatau Tirta Industri (PT KTI). Employing a qualitative approach with a case study design, this research maps the distribution of water resource benefits, identifies the mechanisms used by various actors to obtain, control, and sustain access, and analyses the power dynamics that shape these mechanisms. Findings reveal that companies predominantly benefit from the river’s water resources through multiple access mechanisms, thereby restricting local communities’ access. Additionally, ecological changes caused by the dam have further exacerbated these restrictions. The study concludes that the allocation of Cipasauran River’s water resources is largely skewed in favour of the company’s interests, facilitated by legal and relational-structural mechanisms. Furthermore, asymmetric power relations among actors have reinforced disparities in water access.
Shrimp Boom, Migration Boom Latifah, May
PCD Journal Vol 12 No 2 (2024): PCD Journal Vol. 12 No. 2 2024
Publisher : PCD Press, Department of Politics and Government - Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/pcd.v12i2.16691

Abstract

This study examines the expansion of migrant labour as a response to the shrimp boom in Petanahan, Kebumen Regency, which has transformed the local employment structure. The development of shrimp ponds by smallholder farmers, private companies, and the Area-Based Shrimp Ponds Scheme (TUBK) by the Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries (KKP) increased labour demand and triggered migration flows, creating new dynamics in the labour market and potential social-economic tensions. This research employs a qualitative approach, incorporating literature review, in-depth interviews, and field observation. It is supported by Derek Hall and Tania Murray Li's (2011) theory of migrant labour and crop booms to address the research questions and analyse the continuity between booms and migrant labour expansion. The findings of this study reveal three key points: (1) the expansion of shrimp farming in Petanahan has increased labour demand, attracting both local and migrant workers; (2) migrant workers are divided into three categories based on employers: small shrimp farmers, plasma farmers, and TUBK; and (3) the key factors driving migration are more attractive economic incentives compared to the other sectors, limited job opportunities due to low education levels, and the recruitment process conducted by companies.
Client Transformation for Access to Public Resources Danunegoro, Rengga Akbar
PCD Journal Vol 12 No 2 (2024): PCD Journal Vol. 12 No. 2 2024
Publisher : PCD Press, Department of Politics and Government - Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/pcd.v12i2.16749

Abstract

This study analyses the neo-clientelist relationship between largest laskar group in the Purwoboyo region, the Laskar Nusantara Rider, and the party and elites of Prosperous National Party in the Purwoboyo region. Data were collected through in-depth interviews and non-participatory observation as primary sources. In addition, secondary data were gathered from online media literature. Using Hopkin’s (2014) framework, this study finds that the clientelist relationship was established due to a convergence of interests between both sides. The party and elites of the Prosperous National Party in the Purwoboyo region regard the Laskar Nusantara Rider as a vote bank in elections. Conversely, the Laskar Nusantara Rider group perceives clientelism relationship as means of gaining access to public and formal resources via government programmes and social assistance. Furthermore, this study finds that the Laskar Nusantara Rider play a role in distributing public resources, aligning with Torquist (1990) notion of a state-backed client theory.
Who Speaks for Nahdlatul Ulama? Rahman, Jasmine Hasna Nafila
PCD Journal Vol 12 No 2 (2024): PCD Journal Vol. 12 No. 2 2024
Publisher : PCD Press, Department of Politics and Government - Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/pcd.v12i2.16732

Abstract

In Indonesia’s presidential elections, the act of claiming to represent Nahdlatul Ulama (NU) has emerged as a potent political strategy—one pursued not only by political parties but also by religious elites, polling institutions, and self-proclaimed “neutral” actors. This article investigates how such claims are constructed and contested within the digital public sphere in the lead-up to the 2024 presidential election. Drawing on Saward’s theory of representative claims, it analyses 413 online news articles using a combination of Discourse Network Analysis and qualitative text analysis. Empirically, the study maps who is speaking, about what, and on whose behalf—offering analytical insight into how legitimacy is narrated and performed. Theoretically, it extends the application of representative claims theory by demonstrating how legitimacy is negotiated in contexts where the constituency is internally fragmented, pluralistic, and contested—rather than unified or binary. These findings highlight the fluid nature of representation, especially in socio-religious communities such as NU, where claims to representation are constantly produced, challenged, and reframed in public discourse.
Empowering Communities from Below Kusumadewi, Afina Putri
PCD Journal Vol 12 No 2 (2024): PCD Journal Vol. 12 No. 2 2024
Publisher : PCD Press, Department of Politics and Government - Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/pcd.v12i2.21222

Abstract

Community organising, as a form of bottom-up development, challenges top-down approaches that traditionally view communities as passive recipient rather than active agents of change. This study examines the internal dynamics of women farmers group (kelompok wanita tani/KWT) Lestari in Pakembinangun, Sleman, under the leadership of Sri Hartanti, a key figure who has been instrumental in the group’s development. Using a qualitative method through in-dept interview, the research identifies the organisational model applied by KWT Lestari through twelve analytical indicators, including goals of community action, assumptions concerning community structure and problem conditions, basic change strategies, characteristic change tactics and techniques, salient practitioner roles, medium of change, orientation toward power structures, boundaries of the community client system, assumptions regarding sub-community interests, conceptions of public interest, client population, and client role, Despite challenges in sustaining member participation, findings show that KWT Lestari effectively employs the locality development model, positioning members as active change agents within their community. This study contributes to understanding how community organising can succeed in diverse social, cultural, and economic contexts, offering insights for future community-based development efforts.
The Practice of Local Bossism Rukma, Yohanes Ivan Rukma
PCD Journal Vol 13 No 1 (2025): PCD Journal Vol. 13 No. 1 2025
Publisher : PCD Press, Department of Politics and Government - Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/pcd.v13i1.16678

Abstract

This study examines the relationship between politics and business through the case of Agus, a tobacco middleman in Bukit Hijau regency. Agus plays a pivotal role as a local boss, maintaining his position as a member of the District Regional House of Representatives (Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah tingkat Kabupaten) in the regency. Employing a qualitative research design with a phenomenological approach, data were collected through in-depth interviews. The study finds that Agus’s crucial position in the local tobacco trade system enabled his transformation into a local boss, or a local political figure, through two mobilisation channels: (1) the tobacco trade network, which he successfully converted into an electoral political network, and (2) religious networks, evidenced by his affiliation with the Nusantara Social Party (Partai Sosial Nusantara/PSN). These forms of mobilisation are analysed through six strategic frameworks for local bossism. The limitation of local bosses arises from the fact that the influence of local bosses is constrained by political party structures. The institutional system of political parties limit the full consolidation of power within the party. In conclusion, while local bosses such as Agus successfully mobilised political support through local boss strategies, their power remains incomplete and subject to institutional limitations.
Policy Implementation Scheme and Policy Pathology Dwi Fatmalia, Dwi Fatmalia
PCD Journal Vol 13 No 1 (2025): PCD Journal Vol. 13 No. 1 2025
Publisher : PCD Press, Department of Politics and Government - Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/pcd.v13i1.16744

Abstract

This paper analyses the KPR Sejahtera policy, a mortgage loan programme for low-income communities (masyarakat berpenghasilan rendah/MBR) initiated by the Ministry of Public Works and Housing (Kementerian Pekerjaan Umum dan Perumahan Rakyat/PUPR). Although the policy has good intentions, its implementation, particularly the funding scheme has hindered the effectiveness of housing provision in the Special Region of Yogyakarta. Using the pathology of public policy framework by Hogwood & Peters (1985) and the NATO scheme from Hood & Margetts (2007), this study explores why the KPR Sejahtera funding mechanism has proven ineffective and has instead created new issues. The Directorate of Infrastructure Financing (Direktorat Jenderal Pembiayaan Infrastruktur) delegates this programme to state-owned banks, but the implementation details are left to each bank. The core problem arises from the mismatch between the banks' profit-oriented nature and the social mission of the program. This leads to internal conflicts within the banks and results in the failure to reach the targeted MBR beneficiaries. This situation reflects the ‘earmarking’ pathology, in which a budget designed for a specific programme is allocated outside of its original purpose, leading to sub-optimal policy outcomes.

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