cover
Article Per Year (5 Year)
All
Home Page
OAI Link
Editorial Team
Contact
Reviewer
Google Scholar
Contact Name
Mohamad Roky Huzaeni
Contact Email
rockyhuzaen1309@gmail.com
Phone
+6285217243207
Journal Mail Official
jurnalconstitution@uinkhas.ac.id
Editorial Address
Jl. Mataram No. 1 Mangli, Kaliwates, Jember 68136, Jawa Timur, Indonesia
Location
Kab. jember,
Jawa timur
INDONESIA
Constitution Journal
Published by Universitas Islam Negeri Kiai Haji Achmad Siddiq Jember
ISSN : 29878918     EISSN : 29621720     DOI : https://doi.org/10.35719/constitution.v2i2
Core Subject : Social,
Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice
Constitution journal publishes articles on law studies from various perspectives, literature studies, and field studies. This journal emphasizes aspects constitutions, issues on constitutional law and state administrative law either in Indonesia or other countries all over the world. We invite comprehensive observations on the expression of law with various dimensions in particular Constitution. This journal, which is a forum for the study of Constitution supports studies that are focused on certain themes and interdisciplinary studies related to the subject; so that it becomes a medium for exchanging ideas and research results from various perspectives that have interacted scientifically
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Sosial - Hukum
Articles 48 Documents
 1   2   3   4   5 
Tanggung Jawab Negara Memelihara Anak Terlantar Perspektif Negara Kesejahteraan.: State Responsibility in the Care of Abandoned Children: A Welfare State Perspective Sulistiyono, Firman Octhaviana; Efendi, Aan; Al-Khanif
Constitution Journal Vol. 4 No. 1 (2025): Constitution Journal June 2025
Publisher : UIN Kiai Haji Ahmad Sidiq Jember

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35719/constitution.v4i1.133

Abstract

Article 34 paragraph (1) of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia states that "the poor and neglected children are cared for by the state." Although this constitutional guarantee has been clearly regulated, many neglected children in Indonesia have not fully received their rights. The gap between the constitutional mandate and the implementation of this policy reflects an urgent social problem, considering that neglected children are a vulnerable group that requires special attention within the framework of a welfare state. This normative legal research uses a legislative, conceptual, and historical approach. The results of the study indicate that protecting neglected children is a constitutional responsibility and an integral part of social welfare policy. The government is obliged to build a fair, comprehensive, and sustainable protection system through synergy between institutions and community involvement. Child protection policies aim to guarantee the rights of children—especially neglected children—to live, grow, and develop optimally and be protected from violence, discrimination, and neglect. Therefore, comprehensive policy reform needs to be carried out, with a focus on empowering families and communities, providing rehabilitation services, law enforcement, and broad public education. Abstrak Pasal 34 ayat (1) UUD Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945 menyatakan bahwa "fakir miskin dan anak-anak yang terlantar dipelihara oleh negara." Meskipun jaminan konstitusional ini telah diatur secara jelas, banyak anak terlantar di Indonesia yang belum sepenuhnya mendapatkan hak-haknya. Kesenjangan antara amanat konstitusi dan implementasi kebijakan ini mencerminkan persoalan sosial yang mendesak, mengingat anak terlantar merupakan kelompok rentan yang membutuhkan perhatian khusus dalam kerangka negara kesejahteraan. Penelitian yuridis normatif ini menggunakan pendekatan perundang-undangan, konseptual, dan historis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlindungan anak terlantar merupakan tanggung jawab konstitusional dan bagian integral dari kebijakan kesejahteraan sosial. Pemerintah wajib membangun sistem perlindungan yang adil, menyeluruh, dan berkelanjutan melalui sinergi antar lembaga serta pelibatan masyarakat. Kebijakan perlindungan anak bertujuan menjamin hak anak—terutama anak terlantar—untuk hidup, tumbuh, dan berkembang secara optimal serta terlindungi dari kekerasan, diskriminasi, dan penelantaran. Oleh karena itu, reformasi kebijakan yang komprehensif perlu dilakukan, dengan fokus pada pemberdayaan keluarga dan masyarakat, penyediaan layanan rehabilitasi, penegakan hukum, dan edukasi publik secara luas.
Pembatasan Kegiatan Keagamaan oleh Pemerintah Daerah: Konstitusionalitas dan Prinsip Negara Hukum: Restrictions on Religious Activities by Local Governments: A Study on Constitutionality and the Rule of Law Principle Rifa'i, Iman Jalaludin; Azizah, Naili
Constitution Journal Vol. 4 No. 1 (2025): Constitution Journal June 2025
Publisher : UIN Kiai Haji Ahmad Sidiq Jember

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35719/constitution.v4i1.134

Abstract

Decentralization under Law Number 23 of 2014 grants broad authority to local governments in managing social and religious affairs. However, practices such as the prohibition of Ahmadiyya Jamaah’s Jalsah Salanah by certain regional governments raise tensions between freedom of religion and the rule of law. This study aims to evaluate the legality and legitimacy of such restrictions using John Rawls’ theory of justice, particularly the principles of basic liberties and the difference principle. A normative juridical method is employed, with statutory, case-based, and conceptual approaches. The findings reveal that many local regulations lack a national legal basis, fail the proportionality test, and discriminate against minority groups without social compensation, thereby conflicting with Rawlsian principles. The study concludes that Rawlsian justice principles must be integrated into local legislative processes, judicial review mechanisms strengthened, and inclusive deliberative forums implemented to ensure regional autonomy aligns with constitutional supremacy. Practically, this research offers an evaluative framework for local policymakers and serves as a normative reference for the Supreme Court and Constitutional Court in reviewing potentially discriminatory local regulations. Abstrak Desentralisasi melalui Undang-Undang Nomor 23 Tahun 2014 memberikan kewenangan luas kepada pemerintah daerah dalam urusan sosial dan keagamaan. Namun, praktik pembatasan ibadah oleh beberapa Pemda, seperti pelarangan Jalsah Salanah Jamaah Ahmadiyah, menimbulkan konflik antara kebebasan beragama dan prinsip negara hukum. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi legalitas dan legitimasi pembatasan tersebut dengan teori keadilan John Rawls, khususnya prinsip kebebasan dasar dan difference principle. Metode yang digunakan adalah yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan, kasus, dan konseptual. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sejumlah kebijakan daerah tidak berlandaskan hukum nasional, tidak proporsional, serta merugikan kelompok minoritas secara diskriminatif. Kesimpulannya, diperlukan integrasi prinsip keadilan Rawlsian dalam legislasi daerah, penguatan judicial review, dan forum deliberatif yang inklusif agar otonomi daerah tidak melanggar supremasi konstitusi. Penelitian ini berkontribusi dalam menyediakan kerangka evaluatif bagi pemerintah daerah dan menjadi rujukan normatif bagi Mahkamah Agung dan Mahkamah Konstitusi dalam menilai keabsahan peraturan daerah yang potensial melanggar kebebasan beragama.
Implikasi Pasal 97 Undang-Undang No 1 Tahun 2022 Tentang HKPD terhadap Desentralisasi Fiskal : Implications of Article 97 of Law No. 1 of 2022 concerning HKPD on Fiscal Decentralization Saputra, Andi; Rachmad Soetijono, Iwan; Listyana Chandra, Ratih
Constitution Journal Vol. 4 No. 2 (2025): Constitution Journal December 2025
Publisher : UIN Kiai Haji Ahmad Sidiq Jember

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35719/constitution.v4i2.140

Abstract

Law Number 1 of 2022 concerning Financial Relations between the Central Government and Regional Governments has shifted the direction of Indonesia's fiscal decentralization toward a more centralized approac Although formal regional autonomy remains in effect, regional fiscal dependence on the central government remains hig This centralization is further clarified through Article 97 of the Regional Government Regulation (HKPD), which authorizes the central government to revoke regional regulations regarding tax and levy rates if deemed inconsistent with national strategic programs. This approach has generated dynamics and resistance, including from the Prosperous Justice Party (PKS) faction, which believes the HKPD Law does not reflect fiscal justice, minimizes public participation, and has the potential to increase the tax burden. Furthermore, the implementation of a closed list system for types of taxes and levies further limits regional fiscal space and contradicts the principles of regional autonomy. Abstrak Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 2022 tentang Hubungan Keuangan antara Pemerintah Pusat dan Pemerintah Daerah mengubah arah desentralisasi fiskal Indonesia menjadi lebih sentralistik. Meskipun otonomi daerah secara formal masih berlaku, ketergantungan fiskal daerah terhadap pusat tetap tinggi. Sentralisasi makin nyata melalui Pasal 97 UU HKPD, yang memberi kewenangan kepada pemerintah pusat untuk membatalkan peraturan daerah terkait tarif pajak dan retribusi apabila dianggap tidak sejalan dengan program strategis nasional. Pendekatan ini memunculkan dinamika dan resistensi, termasuk dari Fraksi PKS yang menilai UU HKPD tidak mencerminkan keadilan fiskal, minim partisipasi publik, serta berpotensi menambah beban pajak. Selain itu, penerapan sistem closed list atas jenis pajak dan retribusi semakin membatasi ruang fiskal daerah dan bertentangan dengan prinsip otonomi daerah.
Penyelesaian Sengketa Kewenangan Antar Lembaga Negara Non Eksekutif yang Kewenangannya diberikan oleh Undang-Undang: Resolution of Authority Disputes Between Non-Executive State Institutions whose Authority is Granted by Law Huda, Moh. Choirul; Firdaus, Fahmi Ramadhan
Constitution Journal Vol. 4 No. 2 (2025): Constitution Journal December 2025
Publisher : UIN Kiai Haji Ahmad Sidiq Jember

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35719/constitution.v4i2.143

Abstract

Resolution of disputes over state institutions' authority is part of the Constitutional Court's authority based on Article 24C paragraph (1) of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia. However, this provision raises problems due to the lack of a juridical space to resolve disputes over authority between institutions whose authority is not derived from the 1945 Constitution. Through a study using normative juridical methods, it was found that disputes over authority between institutions arise due to the lack of a clear blueprint for institutional arrangement, as well as political and institutional interests. On the other hand, the problem of resolving disputes over non-constitutional state institutions can be addressed by improving the Constitutional Court's interpretation in the practice of adjudicating state institution disputes, granting authority by the Supreme Court, or through judicial review of laws Abstrak Penyelesaian sengketa kewenangan lembaga negara merupakan bagian dari kewenangan Mahkamah Konstitusi (MK) dengan dasar ketentuan Pasal 24C ayat (1) UUD NRI 1945. Namun, dalam realitasnya ketentuan tersebut menimbulkan problem karena tidak adanya ruang yuridis untuk menyelesaikan sengketa kewenangan antar lembaga yang kewenangannya tidak bersumber dari UUD 1945. Melalui kajian dengan menggunakan metode yuridis normatif, ditemukan bahwa sengketa kewenangan antar lembaga muncul akibat tidak adanya blueprint yang jelas atas  penataan kelembagaan, serta faktor kepentingan politik, serta institusional. Di sisi lain problem penyelesaian sengketa lembaga negara non-konstitusional dapat diatasi dengan memperbaiki tafsir MK dalam praktik peradilan sengketa lembaga negara, pemberian kewenangan oleh Mahkamah Agung, atau melalui sarana pengujian undang-undang (judicial review).
Pengaruh Politik Dinasti di Kabupaten Probolinggo Terhadap Sistem Demokrasi Dalam Menjalankan Asas Keterbukaan: The Influence of Dynasty Politics in Probolinggo Regency on the Democracy System in Implementing the Principle of Openness Ilhami, Deni; Al-Khanif; Soetijono, Iwan Rachmad
Constitution Journal Vol. 4 No. 2 (2025): Constitution Journal December 2025
Publisher : UIN Kiai Haji Ahmad Sidiq Jember

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35719/constitution.v4i2.145

Abstract

The phenomenon of political dynasties in Probolinggo Regency highlights serious challenges in implementing the principle of openness in local governance. This study aims to analyze the application of the openness principle within the practice of political dynasties and to identify its supporting and inhibiting factors. A socio-legal approach was employed using descriptive analysis of secondary legal materials and interviews with local stakeholders. The findings reveal that the deliberation and drafting of regional regulations, particularly concerning the regional budget (APBD), have not been fully conducted transparently. Several meetings that should have been open to the public were held behind closed doors, reducing accountability and public trust. Supporting factors include the availability of facilities, experts, and legislators’ attendance. Conversely, obstacles include limited understanding of openness among council members, ineffective communication, delays in budget submissions, and the dominance of family and party political interests. These findings indicate that political dynasties negatively affect local democracy and emphasize the need for stronger regulations and broader public participation to achieve transparent and accountable governance. Abstrak Fenomena politik dinasti di Kabupaten Probolinggo menunjukkan adanya persoalan serius dalam pelaksanaan asas keterbukaan pemerintahan daerah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis implementasi asas keterbukaan dalam praktik politik dinasti serta faktor pendukung dan penghambatnya. Metode yang digunakan adalah pendekatan yuridis sosiologis dengan analisis deskriptif terhadap bahan hukum sekunder serta data wawancara dengan pemangku kepentingan lokal. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pembahasan dan penyusunan Peraturan Daerah, khususnya terkait APBD, masih belum sepenuhnya dilakukan secara terbuka. Beberapa rapat yang seharusnya dapat diakses publik dilaksanakan secara tertutup, sehingga mengurangi transparansi dan akuntabilitas. Faktor pendukung implementasi asas keterbukaan adalah ketersediaan sarana prasarana, tenaga ahli, dan kehadiran anggota DPRD. Namun, hambatan yang muncul meliputi rendahnya pemahaman anggota dewan terhadap asas keterbukaan, komunikasi yang tidak efektif, keterlambatan penyampaian dokumen anggaran, serta dominasi kepentingan politik keluarga dan partai. Temuan ini menegaskan bahwa praktik politik dinasti berimplikasi negatif terhadap demokrasi lokal dan perlu adanya penguatan regulasi serta partisipasi publik untuk mewujudkan pemerintahan daerah yang transparan dan akuntabel.
Evaluasi Hukum Pemerintahan Daerah Terhadap Implementasi Pajak Karbon Sebagai Instrumen Green Fiscal Policy: Legal Evaluation of Local Government on the Implementation of Carbon Tax as an Instrument of Green Fiscal Policy Ibrahim, Vicky; S. Hasan, Yeti; Sholehah, Nur Lazimatul Hilma
Constitution Journal Vol. 4 No. 2 (2025): Constitution Journal December 2025
Publisher : UIN Kiai Haji Ahmad Sidiq Jember

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35719/constitution.v4i2.193

Abstract

Carbon tax is a fiscal instrument designed to control carbon emissions while supporting sustainable development. However, its implementation at the regional level still faces problems of authority and institutional readiness that are not yet optimally integrated. This study aims to evaluate the legal framework, the authority of local governments, and institutional preparedness in the implementation of carbon tax as an instrument of green fiscal policy, with a specific focus on Gorontalo Province. The research method employed is normative legal research with a statutory approach, complemented by empirical data obtained through interviews with relevant agencies, namely the Regional Development Planning Agency (Bappeda), the Regional Revenue Agency (Bapenda), and the Environmental Agency (DLH). The findings indicate that the regulation of carbon tax under Law Number 7 of 2021 on the Harmonization of Tax Regulations remains centralized and does not provide attribution of authority to local governments. Institutional preparedness at the regional level is also limited, as no regulation or coordination mechanism integrates the functions of planning, collection, and supervision. In addition, the main challenges identified include the absence of regional regulations, potential socio-economic burdens, and the lack of a transparent fiscal governance mechanism. This study concludes that the success of carbon tax implementation as a green fiscal instrument requires strengthening of the legal framework, institutional capacity, and fiscal governance at the regional level. Abstrak Pajak karbon merupakan instrumen fiskal yang dirancang untuk mengendalikan emisi karbon sekaligus mendukung pembangunan berkelanjutan. Namun, pelaksanaannya di tingkat daerah masih menghadapi persoalan kewenangan dan kelembagaan yang belum terintegrasi secara optimal. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi kerangka hukum, kewenangan pemerintah daerah, serta kesiapan kelembagaan dalam implementasi pajak karbon sebagai instrumen green fiscal policy, dengan fokus kajian di Provinsi Gorontalo. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan peraturan perundang-undangan, dilengkapi dengan data empiris melalui wawancara dengan instansi terkait, yaitu Bappeda, Bapenda, dan Dinas Lingkungan Hidup. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengaturan pajak karbon dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 7 Tahun 2021 tentang Harmonisasi Peraturan Perpajakan masih bersifat sentralistik dan tidak memberikan atribusi kewenangan kepada pemerintah daerah. Kesiapan kelembagaan di daerah juga terbatas karena belum ada regulasi maupun mekanisme koordinasi yang mengintegrasikan fungsi perencanaan, pemungutan, dan pengawasan. Selain itu, tantangan utama yang dihadapi mencakup keterbatasan regulasi daerah, potensi dampak sosial-ekonomi, serta belum adanya tata kelola fiskal yang transparan. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa keberhasilan implementasi pajak karbon sebagai instrumen fiskal hijau memerlukan penguatan aspek hukum, kelembagaan, dan tata kelola pada tingkat daerah.
Implementasi Prinsip Good Governance Dalam Pengelolaan Dana Desa Studi Kasus Di Kabupaten Kuningan: Implementation of Good Governance Principles in Village Fund Management: A Case Study of Kuningan Regency Rifa'i, Iman; Yuhandra, Erga; Budiman, Haris; Akbar, Satria; Asiyah, Mina Rabiatul
Constitution Journal Vol. 4 No. 2 (2025): Constitution Journal December 2025
Publisher : UIN Kiai Haji Ahmad Sidiq Jember

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35719/constitution.v4i2.217

Abstract

Village Fund policies have undergone regulatory changes to strengthen fiscal governance, yet their implementation remains hindered by inconsistencies among national, regional, and village regulations. The weakness of good governance does not stem from a lack of rules, but from misalignment between normative designs and local practices. Accountability is carried out administratively but has not fully reached substantive public oversight, while community participation and access to information remain procedural. Using a normative juridical method, this study formulates two key issues: the principles of good governance as legal foundations for Village Fund management, and the rule of law and oversight mechanisms as instruments to reinforce them. Based on the Village Law and related regulations, the findings show weak legal harmonization and ineffective supervision, resulting in formalistic accountability and suboptimal legal control. Strengthening regulatory synchronization, enhancing village institutional capacity, and internalizing good governance principles are essential to achieving transparent, accountable, and law-based Village Fund governance. Abstrak Kebijakan Dana Desa telah mengalami perubahan regulasi untuk memperkuat tata kelola fiskal, namun implementasinya masih terganggu oleh disharmoni antara regulasi nasional, daerah, dan desa. Lemahnya good governance bukan karena kekurangan aturan, tetapi karena ketidaksesuaian antara desain normatif dan praktik lokal. Akuntabilitas berjalan secara administratif namun belum menyentuh pengawasan publik yang substansial, sementara partisipasi dan akses informasi masih bersifat prosedural. Penelitian dengan metode yuridis normatif ini merumuskan dua masalah: prinsip good governance sebagai asas hukum pengelolaan Dana Desa, serta supremasi hukum dan mekanisme pengawasan sebagai instrumen penguatnya. Berbasis UU Desa dan regulasi terkait, hasil penelitian menunjukkan lemahnya sinkronisasi hukum dan pengawasan, sehingga akuntabilitas menjadi formalistik dan kontrol hukum kurang optimal. Diperlukan penguatan harmonisasi regulasi, peningkatan kapasitas desa, dan internalisasi prinsip good governance untuk mewujudkan tata kelola Dana Desa yang transparan, akuntabel, dan berbasis hukum.
Eksodus Independensi Hakim Mahkamah Konstitusi dalam Putusan Nomor 141/PUU-XXI/2023: The Exodus of Independent Constitutional Court Judges in Decision Number 141/PUU-XXI/2023 Zubairi, Ach
Constitution Journal Vol. 4 No. 2 (2025): Constitution Journal December 2025
Publisher : UIN Kiai Haji Ahmad Sidiq Jember

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35719/constitution.v4i2.219

Abstract

This scientific paper aims to explore the Constitutional Court (MK) Decision Number 141/PUU-XXI/2023, which sparked controversy regarding violations of the principles of judicial independence and judicial ethics of constitutional justices. To examine this issue, the researcher refers to Alexander Bickel’s theory of judicial independence as an analytical tool to assess the impact of the ruling, which altered the interpretation of the age requirement for presidential and vice-presidential candidates previously explicitly regulated in Article 169 letter q of Law Number 7 of 2017 on General Elections. The Constitutional Court granted an exception for experienced regional heads, even if they had not yet reached the minimum age of 40, thereby exceeding its authority in constitutional review. Additionally, there are allegations of a conflict of interest, as the decision was issued under the leadership of Chief Justice Anwar Usman, who has a familial relationship with the beneficiary of the ruling, Gibran Rakabuming Raka. The absence of a recusal mechanism in the decision-making process has raised concerns about the integrity and independence of the institution. The findings of this study indicate a legitimacy crisis within the Constitutional Court, potentially threatening constitutional supremacy in Indonesia. Therefore, this study recommends strengthening the code of ethics for judges, reforming the selection process, and enhancing public oversight mechanisms to ensure the Constitutional Court continues to function as an independent and trustworthy guardian of the constitution. Abstrak Karya ilmiah ini bertujuan untuk mengeskplor putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi (MK) Nomor 141/PUU-XXI/2023 yang memicu kontroversi terkait pelanggaran prinsip independensi dan etika yudisial hakim konstitusi. Guna mengeksplorasi kajian ini, peneliti mengacu pada teori independensi yudisial dari Alexander Bickel sebagai pisau analisis untuk menilai dampak putusan yang mengubah tafsir batas usia calon presiden dan wakil presiden, yang semula diatur secara eksplisit dalam Pasal 169 huruf q Undang-Undang Nomor 7 Tahun 2017 tentang Pemilu. MK memberikan pengecualian bagi kepala daerah berpengalaman meskipun belum mencapai usia minimal 40 tahun yang melampaui kewenangan pengujian konstitusionalitas. Selain itu, terdapat dugaan konflik kepentingan karena putusan tersebut dikeluarkan di bawah kepemimpinan Ketua MK, Anwar Usman, yang memiliki hubungan keluarga dengan pihak yang diuntungkan, yaitu Gibran Rakabuming Raka. Tidak adanya mekanisme pengunduran diri (recusal) dalam proses pengambilan keputusan ini menimbulkan keraguan terhadap integritas dan independensi lembaga. Temuan penelitian ini mengindikasikan krisis legitimasi Mahkamah Konstitusi yang berpotensi mengancam supremasi konstitusi di Indonesia. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini merekomendasikan penguatan kode etik hakim, reformasi proses seleksi, serta peningkatan mekanisme pengawasan publik untuk memastikan Mahkamah Konstitusi tetap berfungsi sebagai penjaga konstitusi yang independen dan terpercaya.

Page 5 of 5 | Total Record : 48

 1   2   3   4   5 

Filter by Year

2022 2025


Reset
Filter By Issues
All Issue Vol. 4 No. 2 (2025): Constitution Journal December 2025 Vol. 4 No. 1 (2025): Constitution Journal June 2025 Vol. 3 No. 2 (2024): Constitution Journal December 2024 Vol. 3 No. 1 (2024): Constitution Journal June 2024 Vol. 2 No. 2 (2023): Constitution Journal December 2023 Vol. 2 No. 1 (2023): Constitution Journal June 2023 Vol. 1 No. 2 (2022): Constitution Journal December 2022 Vol. 1 No. 1 (2022): Constitution Journal June 2022