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Administrative Errors With Potential to Harm State Finances Based on Legal Audit by The State Prosecutor Pribadi, R. Iman; Widhiana Suarda, I Gede; Efendi, Aan
UNES Law Review Vol. 6 No. 3 (2024): UNES LAW REVIEW (Maret 2024)
Publisher : LPPM Universitas Ekasakti Padang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31933/unesrev.v6i3.1764

Corruption crimes in government procurement of goods and services, such as bribery, price mark-ups, and manipulation of bidding processes, can disrupt good governance, cause financial losses to the state, and diminish public trust in the government. Therefore, legal audits by the State Prosecutor play a crucial role in preventing financial losses to the state and identifying administrative errors that potentially harm state finances based on the results of such legal audits. The research findings indicate that the legal audit by the State Prosecutor in avoiding financial losses to the state through the Prosecution is governed by the Cooperation Agreement between the Ministry of Home Affairs, the State Prosecutor, and the Indonesian National Police. This audit involves receiving reports or complaints from the public, verifying with supporting evidence, providing written notices of handling outcomes, and protecting the identity of the reporters. The steps of the legal audit include ensuring objectives, planning, data confidentiality, document collection and analysis, report preparation, result exposition, and result delivery to the applicants. These stages also involve auditing findings analysis, compliance evaluations, decision feasibility assessments, and considerations for further legal actions, all aimed at maintaining integrity and accountability in governance. The State Prosecutor uses legal audits to ensure legal compliance and identify errors that could harm state finances. They determine indications of criminal acts or legal violations and assess sufficient evidence to support allegations of violations. During the audit process, the State Prosecutor looks for irregularities or legal non-compliance related to public fund management, financial misconduct, and other administrative violations involving state finances.

Administrative Errors With Potential to Harm State Finances Based on Legal Audit By The State Prosecutor Pribadi, R. Iman; Widhiana Suarda, I Gede; Efendi, Aan
UNES Law Review Vol. 6 No. 3 (2024): UNES LAW REVIEW (Maret 2024)
Publisher : LPPM Universitas Ekasakti Padang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31933/unesrev.v6i3.1781

Corruption crimes in government procurement of goods and services, such as bribery, price mark-ups, and manipulation of bidding processes, can disrupt good governance, cause financial losses to the state, and diminish public trust in the government. Therefore, legal audits by the State Prosecutor play a crucial role in preventing financial losses to the state and identifying administrative errors that potentially harm state finances based on the results of such legal audits. The research findings indicate that the legal audit by the State Prosecutor in avoiding financial losses to the state through the Prosecution is governed by the Cooperation Agreement between the Ministry of Home Affairs, the State Prosecutor, and the Indonesian National Police. This audit involves receiving reports or complaints from the public, verifying with supporting evidence, providing written notices of handling outcomes, and protecting the identity of the reporters. The steps of the legal audit include ensuring objectives, planning, data confidentiality, document collection and analysis, report preparation, result exposition, and result delivery to the applicants. These stages also involve auditing findings analysis, compliance evaluations, decision feasibility assessments, and considerations for further legal actions, all aimed at maintaining integrity and accountability in governance. The State Prosecutor uses legal audits to ensure legal compliance and identify errors that could harm state finances. They determine indications of criminal acts or legal violations and assess sufficient evidence to support allegations of violations. During the audit process, the State Prosecutor looks for irregularities or legal non-compliance related to public fund management, financial misconduct, and other administrative violations involving state finances.

Tinjauan Yuridis Sertifikat Hak Milik atas Tanah Berdasarkan Undang-Undang tentang Peraturan Dasar Pokok-Pokok Agraria Simanjuntak, Sangap Andrian; Nugroho, Rizal; Efendi, Aan
Jurnal Kajian Konstitusi Vol 2 No 1 (2022): JURNAL KAJIAN KONSTITUSI
Publisher : Department of Constitutional Law, Faculty of Law, University of Jember, Indonesia

Menurut Pasal 19 ayat (2) huruf c Undang-Undang Nomor 5 Tahun 1960 tentang Peraturan Pokok-Pokok Agraria, dengan diberikannya sertifikat bukti hak atas bidang-bidang tanah yaitu dengan diterbitkannya sertifikat tanah tersebut. hak atas tanah, termasuk hak milik atas tanah, negara telah memberikan jaminan dan kepastian di bidang pertanahan. Bagi pemegang hak atas tanah, memiliki sertifikat berarti mempunyai kepastian hukum dan perlindungan hukum. Dibandingkan dengan alat bukti tertulis yang lain, sertifikat merupakan bukti suatu hak yang kuat, artinya pemegang hak atas tanah yang namanya tercantum dalam sertifikat harus dianggap benar sampai dibuktikan sebaliknya di pengadilan dengan alat bukti yang lain. Sebaliknya surat bukti hak atau sertifikat tanah dapat berfungsi untuk menciptakan tertib hukum pertanahan. Meski demikian, keberlakuan dibandingkan sertifikat-sertifikat tersebut sering dipertanyakan efektivitasnya dalam memberikan kepastian dan perlindungan hukum. apakah sertifikat tersebut benar-benar melindungi hak-hak subjek hukum atau melindungi objek yang berada di bawah sertifikat tersebut, atau bahkan hanya sekedar dapat dijadikan sebagai pembuktian sertifikat saja karena sering terjadi bahwa ada sertifikat yang dihadirkan dalam persidangan dapat menjadi tidak sah. diakui secara formal tetapi tidak dapat digunakan untuk melindungi subjek dan objek hukum.Kata Kunci : Sertifikat; Hak Atas Tanah; Hak Milik.According to Article 19 paragraph (2) letter c of Law No. 5 of 1960 concerning Basic Regulations on Agrarian, with the granting of a certificate of proof of the rights over the fields of the land that is with the issuance of the certificate of land rights for land rights, including property rights to land, the state has provided the guarantee and certainty in the land sector. For holders of the rights to land, have a certificate shall have legal certainty and the protection of the law. Compared with written evidence of the other, a certificate is proof of a strong right, meaning that the holder of land rights that the name listed in the certificate should be regarded as true until proven otherwise in a court with the other evidence. On the other hand a letter of proof of the right or the certificate of land that can serve to create orderly land law. Nevertheless, the applicability than the certificate-the certificate is often questioned its effectiveness in providing certainty and legal protection. if the certificate is really protecting the rights of the subjects of the law or protect the object under such a certificate, or even just can be used as proof certificate course because it often happens that there is a certificate that is presented in the trial can be formally recognized but can't be used to protect the subject and object of the law.Keywords: Certificate; Land Rights; Property Right.

Perlindungan Hukum Notaris Pengganti dalam Pemeriksaan sebagai Saksi di Pengadilan Berdasarkan Rahasia Jabatan Notaris Puspitasari, Amelia Meynanda; Efendi, Aan
Jurnal Kajian Konstitusi Vol 2 No 2 (2022): JURNAL KAJIAN KONSTITUSI
Publisher : Department of Constitutional Law, Faculty of Law, University of Jember, Indonesia

Majelis Kehormatan Notaris berperan dalam memberikan perlindungan profesi Notaris berkaitan dengan kerahasian akta yang dibuat oleh Notaris. Perlindungan hukum yang dimaksud adalah ketika seorang Notaris akan dipanggil untuk memenuhi panggilan persidangan, diperlukan persetujuan ataupun penolakan Majelis Kehormatan Notaris terlebih dahulu. Selain itu Majelis Kehormatan Notaris juga berwenang untuk memberi persetujuan pengambilan salinan akta maupun berkas terkait protokol Notaris ke pengadilan. Notaris maupun Notaris Pengganti memiliki kewajiban menjaga kerahasiaan akta yang dibuatnya serta memenuhi panggilan penyidik dan memberi keterangan yang sebenar-benarnya untuk membantu penyidik dalam menyelesaikan perkara. Namun, Pasal 66 ayat (1) UUJN hanya menyebutkan bahwa Notaris saja yang diberi persetujuan oleh Majelis Kehormatan Notaris dan tidak menyebutkan demikian bagi Notaris Pengganti. Oleh karena itu, Pasal 66 ayat (1) UUJN tidak berlaku bagi Notaris Pengganti, sehingga perlindungan hukum bagi Notaris Pengganti dalam UUJN masih belum diatur dengan jelas. Permasalahan lain yaitu terdapat dalam Pasal 36 tentang honorarium dan Pasal 52 tentang larangan yang hanya diperuntukkan kepada Notaris, sehingga Notaris Pengganti tidak mendapatkan hak yang sama seperti Notaris dalam menjalankan jabatannya.Kata Kunci: Notaris Pengganti; Saksi; Perlindungan Hukum.The Notary Honorary Council plays a role in providing protection for the Notary profession regarding the confidentiality of deeds made by Notaries. The legal protection in question is that when a Notary is summoned to fulfill a court summons, approval or rejection by the Notary Honorary Council is required first. Apart from that, the Notary Honorary Council also has the authority to approve the taking of copies of deeds and files related to Notary protocols to the court. Notaries and Substitute Notaries have the obligation to maintain the confidentiality of the deeds they make and fulfill investigators' summons and provide truthful information to assist investigators in resolving cases. However, Article 66 paragraph (1) UUJN only states that Notaries are given approval by the Notary Honorary Council and does not mention this for Substitute Notaries. Therefore, Article 66 paragraph (1) UUJN does not apply to Substitute Notaries, so that legal protection for Substitute Notaries in the UUJN is still not clearly regulated. Another problem is that Article 36 concerning honorariums and Article 52 concerning prohibitions are only intended for Notaries, so that Substitute Notaries do not get the same rights as Notaries in carrying out their positions.Keywords: Substitute Notary; Witness; Legal Protection.

Asas Praesumptio Iustae Causa dalam Hukum Acara Peradilan Tata Usaha Negara: Telaah Positivisme Hukum Efendi, Aan; Sudarsono
Refleksi Hukum: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Vol. 8 No. 1 (2023): Refleksi Hukum: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum
Publisher : Universitas Kristen Satya Wacana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24246/jrh.2023.v8.i1.p39-56

Penelitian ini mengidentifikasi dua permasalahan dari diadopsinya asas praesumptio iustae causa dalam hukum acara peradilan tata usaha, pertama, justifikasi eksistensi asas tersebut, dan kedua, muatan putusan peradilan tata usaha negara yang tepat atas keputusan administrasi pemerintahan yang dianggap sah sampai pembatalannya. Untuk menjawab dua permasalahan tersebut digunakan tipe penelitian hukum doktrinal dengan pendekatan peraturan perundang-undangan dan pendekatan konseptual. Justifikasi asas praesumptio iustae causa berasal dari tesis keterpisahan dalam positivisme hukum yang berpandangan bahwa keabsahan norma hukum dan pembatalannya dependen pada hukum itu sendiri. Norma hukum hanya akan kehilangan keabsahannya jika ada norma hukum baru yang mencabut keabsahan norma hukum sebelumnya. Muatan putusan peradilan tata usaha negara yang tepat untuk merespon keputusan administrasi pemerintahan yang dianggap sah sampai pembatalannya adalah menyatakan keputusan administrasi pemerintahan dapat dibatalkan yang berarti keputusan dan akibat hukumnya berakhir sejak dinyatakan demikian dalam putusan peradilan tata usaha negara. Kata kunci: asas praesumptio iustae causa; positivisme hukum; dapat dibatalkan

Kepastian Hukum Pendaftaran Peralihan Hak Atas Tanah Karena Jual Beli Dengan Syarat Sebagai Peserta Aktif Badan Penyelenggara Jaminan Sosial Kesehatan Aziza, Annisau Zahraun; Efendi, Aan; Soetijono, Iwan Rachmad
Equivalent: Jurnal Ilmiah Sosial Teknik Vol. 6 No. 1: Equivalent: Jurnal Ilmiah Sosial Teknik
Publisher : Politeknik Siber Cerdika Internasional

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59261/jequi.v6i1.169

Terbitnya Inpres No. 1 Tahun 2022 tentang Optimalisasi Pelaksanaan Program Jaminan Kesehatan menginstruksikan kepada seluruh Kementerian untuk melakukan optimalisasi program Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional, hal ini juga menginstruksikan kepada seluruh Kementerian/Lembaga untuk mengambil langkah-langkah sesuai tugas, fungsi dan kewenangan masing-masing, termasuk juga pada Kementerian Agraria dan tata ruang/ Badan Pertanahan Nasional sebagai bentuk penindak lanjutan atas Inpres No. 1 tahun 2022, setiap permohonan pelayanan pendaftaran peralihan hak atas tanah atau hak milik atas satuan umah susun karena jual beli harus dilengkapi dengan fotokopi kartu peserta Badan Penyelenggara Jaminan Sosial (BPJS) Kesehatan serta menjadi peserta aktif dalam program Jaminan Kesehatan (JKN). Melalui kebijakan ini, diharapkan masyarakat melengkapi terlebih dahulu registrasi BPJS nya sebelum melakukan pengurusan hak-hak atas tanah. Adanya inpres ini membuktikan bahwa pemerintah secara tidak langsung memaksakan BPJS kesehatan kepada masyarakat. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana kepastian hukum keabsahan kartu Kartu BPJS Kesehatan tersebut serta akibat hukum yang ditimbulkan terhadap kebijakan pemerintah atas pendaftaran peralihan hak atas tanah karena jual beli dengan syarat sebagai peserta aktif Badan Penyelenggara Jaminan Sosial Kesehatan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yakni normatif. Pendekatan masalah yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini ialah pendekatan perundangan-undangan (statute approach), pendekatan konseptual (conceptual approach), serta pendekatan sejarah hukum (historical approach). Hasil penelitian menyimpulkanrsyaratan BPJS Kesehatan dalam peralihan hak atas tanah karena jual beli tidak sesuai dengan asas atau norma hukum pada umumnya yaitu asas kepastian hukum. Tidak adanya kepastian hukum yang berkenaan dengan produk hukum dari Peralihan Hak Atas Tanah Jual Beli karena tidak dapat didaftarkan di Kantor Pertanahan seta menimbukan akibat hukum tundanya proses Peralihan Hak Atas Tanah karena jual beli yang turut berimplikasi pada tertundanya kepemilikan Sertifikat sebagai alat bukti Peralihan Hak Atas Tanah.

The Procedural Law of State Administrative Courts As The Rule of Adjudication: Exploring Hart’s Theory Efendi, Aan; Sudarsono
Arena Hukum Vol. 17 No. 1 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.arenahukum.2024.01701.11

In Hart’s theory, law is a combination of two types of rules: primary and secondary. Primary rules regulate the behavior of individuals or institutions, while secondary rules relate to primary rules, including the rule of recognition to identify the primary rules, the rule of change to modify primary rules, and the rule of adjudication to address violations of primary rules. The law of administrative procedure is an adjudication regulation that resolves violations of primary rules governing the behavior of government organs in administering government. Using a doctrinal legal method, this study explores two problems: the rule of adjudication in Hart’s theory and the procedural law of administrative courts understood as the rule of adjudication according to Hart’s theory. The study results reveal that, first, in Hart’s theory, the rule of adjudication does not stand alone but is, instead, attached to the primary rules, which function to identify violations, adjudicate, and provide punishment or compensation for violations of the primary rules; second, based on Hart’s theory, the procedural law of administrative courts serves as a rule of adjudication for the adjudication process dealing with violations of primary regulations regarding the obligations of government organs in administering government which must be guided by legislation and the general principles of good governance.

The Right to Self-Defence: Locke’s Philosophical Approach and Islamic Law Efendi, Aan; Susanti, Dyah Ochtorina; Cahyaningrum, Lulik Tri; Sudarsono, Sudarsono
De Jure: Jurnal Hukum dan Syari'ah Vol 17, No 1 (2025)
Publisher : Shariah Faculty UIN Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18860/j-fsh.v17i1.29506

The right of self-defence is adopted in positive law. Self-defence in forced conditions due to aggression that threatens life, body, or property becomes the basis for exemption from punishment. This study uses the doctrinal type of legal research to justify the right of self-defence from the perspective of Locke's philosophy and Islamic law by collecting, analysing, and interpreting primary and secondary sources of law. In Locke's philosophy, the right to self-defence derives from the executive power of natural law that an individual has in a state of nature to be the judge and executor of natural law against all acts of violation of natural law that threaten their life, freedom, and property. In a political Society formed by mutual consensus to replace the natural state, individuals agree to relinquish the executive power of natural law to a civil government. In a political Society, the civil government is the judge and executor of the law for any dispute between individuals. However, the transfer of Natural Law executive power to the civil government is not absolute because, in certain circumstances that cause the civil government to be unable to protect life, freedom, and property, individuals can reuse their natural law executive power to safeguard themselves. The right of self-defence in a political society becomes a secondary means of self-protection only in circumstances where the civil government cannot protect individuals from threats to life, liberty, and property. Under Islamic law, defending one's own or others' life, honour, and property is the right of every Muslim without relying on a civilian government. Self-defence is carried out in proportion to acts of aggression. Based on Locke's philosophy and Islamic law, adopting the right of self-defence in positive law must have its limits defined to prevent its arbitrary use in an anarchic society

Tanggung Jawab Negara Memelihara Anak Terlantar Perspektif Negara Kesejahteraan.: State Responsibility in the Care of Abandoned Children: A Welfare State Perspective Sulistiyono, Firman Octhaviana; Efendi, Aan; Al-Khanif
Constitution Journal Vol. 4 No. 1 (2025): Constitution Journal June 2025
Publisher : UIN Kiai Haji Ahmad Sidiq Jember

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35719/constitution.v4i1.133

Article 34 paragraph (1) of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia states that "the poor and neglected children are cared for by the state." Although this constitutional guarantee has been clearly regulated, many neglected children in Indonesia have not fully received their rights. The gap between the constitutional mandate and the implementation of this policy reflects an urgent social problem, considering that neglected children are a vulnerable group that requires special attention within the framework of a welfare state. This normative legal research uses a legislative, conceptual, and historical approach. The results of the study indicate that protecting neglected children is a constitutional responsibility and an integral part of social welfare policy. The government is obliged to build a fair, comprehensive, and sustainable protection system through synergy between institutions and community involvement. Child protection policies aim to guarantee the rights of children—especially neglected children—to live, grow, and develop optimally and be protected from violence, discrimination, and neglect. Therefore, comprehensive policy reform needs to be carried out, with a focus on empowering families and communities, providing rehabilitation services, law enforcement, and broad public education. Abstrak Pasal 34 ayat (1) UUD Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945 menyatakan bahwa "fakir miskin dan anak-anak yang terlantar dipelihara oleh negara." Meskipun jaminan konstitusional ini telah diatur secara jelas, banyak anak terlantar di Indonesia yang belum sepenuhnya mendapatkan hak-haknya. Kesenjangan antara amanat konstitusi dan implementasi kebijakan ini mencerminkan persoalan sosial yang mendesak, mengingat anak terlantar merupakan kelompok rentan yang membutuhkan perhatian khusus dalam kerangka negara kesejahteraan. Penelitian yuridis normatif ini menggunakan pendekatan perundang-undangan, konseptual, dan historis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlindungan anak terlantar merupakan tanggung jawab konstitusional dan bagian integral dari kebijakan kesejahteraan sosial. Pemerintah wajib membangun sistem perlindungan yang adil, menyeluruh, dan berkelanjutan melalui sinergi antar lembaga serta pelibatan masyarakat. Kebijakan perlindungan anak bertujuan menjamin hak anak—terutama anak terlantar—untuk hidup, tumbuh, dan berkembang secara optimal serta terlindungi dari kekerasan, diskriminasi, dan penelantaran. Oleh karena itu, reformasi kebijakan yang komprehensif perlu dilakukan, dengan fokus pada pemberdayaan keluarga dan masyarakat, penyediaan layanan rehabilitasi, penegakan hukum, dan edukasi publik secara luas.

Pengaturan Crowdfunding Syariah Sebagai Alternatif Pembiayaan Pembangunan Ibu Kota Nusantara Perspektif Epistemologi Susanti, Dyah Ochtorina; Efendi, Aan; Putri, Auliya Safira
Jurnal Legislasi Indonesia Vol 22, No 2 (2025): Jurnal Legislasi Indonesia - Juni 2025
Publisher : Direktorat Jenderal Peraturan Perundang-undang, Kementerian Hukum

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.54629/jli.v22i2.1425

Moving the National Capital (IKN) from Jakarta to the Nusantara East Kalimantan requires very large costs. Through Law Number 3 of 2022 concerning the National Capital, the government has determined alternative financing other than that sourced from the APBN, one of which is sharia crowdfunding which is part of creative financing. Sharia crowdfunding as a source of funding for IKN Nusantara is a new thing that has not been specifically regulated, so there is a need for a review of sharia crowdfunding arrangements. The research method used is normative juridical with a statute, conceptual and historical approach. The results of this research show that the basis for regulating sharia crowdfunding as a source of funding for Indonesian IKN is generally in accordance with the tiered norm theory, but in particular it is still not in the form of an MUI Fatwa so it needs to be accommodated in legislation that has authoritative power so that it can be binding on the community.Pemindahan Ibu Kota Negara (IKN) dari Jakarta ke Nusantara Kalimantan Timur memerlukan biaya yang sangat besar. Melalui Undang-Undang Nomor 3 Tahun 2022 tentang Ibu Kota Negara, pemerintah menetapkan alternatif pembiayaan selain yang bersumber dari APBN, salah satunya yaitu crowdfunding syariah yang menjadi bagian dari creative financing. Crowdfunding syariah sebagai sumber pendaan IKN Nusantara merupakan hal baru yang belum diatur secara khusus, sehingga perlu adanya telaah terhadap pengaturaan crowdfunding syariah. Metode penelitian yang digunakan itu yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan, konseptual dan historis. Hasil peneltian ini menunjukkan bahwa dasar pengaturan crowdfunding syariah sebagai sumber pendanaan IKN Nusantara secara umum telah sesuai dengan teori norma berjenjang, namun secara khusus masih dalam belum bentuk Fatwa MUI sehingga perlu diakomodir dalam peraturan perundang-undangan yang memiliki kekuatan autoritatif sehingga dapat mengikat bagi masyarakat.

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