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Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis
Published by Masyarakat Katalis Indonesia - Indonesian Catalyst Society
ISSN : -     EISSN : 19782993     DOI : https://doi.org/10.9767/bcrec
Core Subject : Science, Engineering,
Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry
Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis, a reputable international journal, provides a forum for publishing the novel technologies related to the catalyst, catalysis, chemical reactor, kinetics, and chemical reaction engineering. Scientific articles dealing with the following topics in chemical reaction engineering, catalysis science, and engineering, catalyst preparation method and characterization, novel innovation of chemical reactor, kinetic studies, etc. are particularly welcome. However, articles concerned on the general chemical engineering process are not covered and out of the scope of this journal. This journal encompasses Original Research Articles, Review Articles (only selected/invited authors), and Short Communications, including: fundamentals of catalyst and catalysis; materials and nano-materials for catalyst; chemistry of catalyst and catalysis; surface chemistry of catalyst; applied catalysis; applied bio-catalysis; applied chemical reaction engineering; catalyst regeneration; catalyst deactivation; photocatalyst and photocatalysis; electrocatalysis for fuel cell application; applied bio-reactor; membrane bioreactor; fundamentals of chemical reaction engineering; kinetics studies of chemical reaction engineering; chemical reactor design (not process parameter optimization); enzymatic catalytic reaction (not process parameter optimization); kinetic studies of enzymatic reaction (not process parameter optimization); the industrial practice of catalyst; the industrial practice of chemical reactor engineering; application of plasma technology in catalysis and chemical reactor; and advanced technology for chemical reactors design. However, articles concerned about the "General Chemical Engineering Process" are not covered and out of the scope of this journal.
Arjuna Subject : Teknik Kimia (semua kategori) - Katalisis
Articles 838 Documents
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Partial Hydrogenation of Sunflower and Soybean Oil Over Zirconia Supported Platinum Catalyst Toshtay, Kainaubek
Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 2025: BCREC Volume 20 Issue 4 Year 2025 (December 2025)
Publisher : Masyarakat Katalis Indonesia - Indonesian Catalyst Society (MKICS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.9767/bcrec.20412

Abstract

1.0% Pt/ZrO₂ catalyst was synthesized and thoroughly characterized to evaluate its structural, morphological, and surface properties, as well as its catalytic performance in the selective hydrogenation of sunflower and soybean oils. XRD analysis confirmed the formation of mixed monoclinic and tetragonal zirconia phases, with platinum highly dispersed on the support. Nitrogen adsorption–desorption studies revealed a surface area of 25.0 m²/g and an average pore diameter of 19.0 nm. SEM and TEM analyses showed nanosized particles (55–100 nm) with uniformly distributed Pt nanoparticles (2–8 nm). XPS spectra identified Pt⁰, Pt²⁺, and Pt⁴⁺ oxidation states, while TPR-H₂ and TPD-H₂ profiles demonstrated strong metal–support interaction and the predominance of weakly bound hydrogen species conducive to selective hydrogenation. Catalytic tests showed that the 1.0% Pt/ZrO₂ catalyst enabled partial hydrogenation of sunflower and soybean oils at 90 °C and 0.5 MPa, achieving high activity and low trans-isomer contents (6.0% and 5.6%, respectively). Compared with conventional Ni catalysts, which require higher temperatures (130–150 °C) and generate over 25% trans-isomers, the Pt-based system exhibited superior selectivity and energy efficiency. The catalyst retained its activity and selectivity over eight reuse cycles, maintaining stable structure and low trans-isomer formation. The resulting hydrogenated products met international regulations (<2.0% trans-isomers in final fat blends) and displayed favorable solid fat contents for food applications. These results demonstrate that the 1.0% Pt/ZrO₂ catalyst is an efficient, selective, and reusable system for producing high-quality, trans-fat–compliant hydrogenated oils under mild operating conditions. Copyright © 2025 by Authors, Published by BCREC Publishing Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).
Missing Linker Defects in Heterometallic (Zn/Cd)-MOF-5: A First-Principles Study of Structural Properties and Gas Interaction Pambudi, Fajar Inggit; Kunarti, Eko Sri; Cahyono, Robby Noor; Agusti, Nabila Nur
Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 2025: BCREC Volume 20 Issue 4 Year 2025 (December 2025)
Publisher : Masyarakat Katalis Indonesia - Indonesian Catalyst Society (MKICS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.9767/bcrec.20464

Abstract

The defect structures in multicomponent metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), specifically mixed-metal (Zn/Cd)-MOF-5, were investigated by examining the removal of a benzenedicarboxylate (bdc2-) linker. The defect formation, induced by the reaction with water, was studied, and the reaction energy was calculated to be relatively low, ranging from 0.24 eV to 0.60 eV. The removal of a bdc2- linker is energetically favourable when it is initially coordinated to both Zn2+ and Cd2+ ions. The electronic properties of defective (Zn/Cd)-MOF-5 were analyzed in terms of bandgap energy and density of states profile. The removal of the bdc2- linker slightly reduced the bandgap energy and affected the electronic states of both carbon and oxygen atoms. To evaluate the impact of defects, interactions with various gas molecules, including H2O, CO2, CO, H2S, and NO2, were studied. The defective (Zn/Cd)-MOF-5 showed a strong preference for H2O molecules, while CO2 exhibited the lowest binding preference among the gases studied. Copyright © 2025 by Authors, Published by BCREC Publishing Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).
Tailoring Bandgap and Crystallinity of TiO₂ via Mg Doping for Enhanced DSSC Photoanode Performance Mursal, Mursal; Malahayati, Malahayati; Ismail, Ismail; Irhamni, Irhamni; Jalil, Zulkarnain
Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 2025: BCREC Volume 20 Issue 4 Year 2025 (December 2025)
Publisher : Masyarakat Katalis Indonesia - Indonesian Catalyst Society (MKICS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.9767/bcrec.20473

Abstract

The structural and optical properties of magnesium-doped titanium dioxide (Mg–TiO₂) nanocrystalline films were investigated for potential application as photoanodes in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). The films were synthesized via a sol-gel method using titanium(IV) isopropoxide and magnesium acetate as precursors. Mg doping concentrations ranging from 0 to 4 mol% were explored. The films were deposited onto glass substrates using the doctor blade technique and annealed at various temperatures. Characterization was carried out using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and UV–Vis spectroscopy. XRD analysis confirmed the formation of TiO₂, MgO, and MgTiO₃ phases, with a notable decrease in crystallite size as Mg content increased. The smallest crystallite size of 12.71 nm was obtained at 4 mol% Mg doping. SEM images revealed improved surface morphology and more uniform porosity in doped films. FTIR spectra indicated no significant changes in chemical bonding, while UV–Vis analysis showed a decrease in bandgap energy from 3.8 eV to 3.4 eV with Mg doping. These modifications suggest enhanced dye adsorption and reduced charge recombination, indicating the potential of Mg-doped TiO₂ films to improve DSSC performance. Copyright © 2025 by Authors, Published by BCREC Publishing Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).
Backmatter (Publication Ethics, Right Transfer Agreement for Publishing Form) Istadi, Istadi
Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 2025: BCREC Volume 20 Issue 4 Year 2025 (December 2025)
Publisher : Masyarakat Katalis Indonesia - Indonesian Catalyst Society (MKICS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.9767/bcrec.20520

Abstract

Backmatter (Publication Ethics, Right Transfer Agreement for Publishing Form)
One Pot Synthesis of N-acetylglycine from N-acetyl Glucosamine over Bifunctional Ag/MgO Qi, Dianwen; Cao, Qingya; Huang, Chenxi; Qi, Xueying; Wang, Chongzhou; Dai, Jinhang
Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 2026: BCREC Volume 21 Issue 1 Year 2026 (April 2026)
Publisher : Masyarakat Katalis Indonesia - Indonesian Catalyst Society (MKICS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.9767/bcrec.20482

Abstract

The catalytic conversion of chitin biomass provides an environment-friendly approach for the synthesis of valuable organonitrogen compounds. Here, we prepared bifunctional Ag/MgO by simple deposition-precipitation method. The catalysts exhibited good catalytic activity for one pot synthesis of N-acetylglycine (AcGly) from N-acetyl glucosamine (NAG), offering a 26.2% yield under optimized conditions. The basic nature of MgO contributed to the retro-aldol of NAG, and Ag species catalyzed the oxidation of intermediate to AcGly. The spent catalyst could be recycled and reused for NAG conversion to AcGly. Copyright © 2026 by Authors, Published by BCREC Publishing Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).
Tailoring Photocatalytic Activity of Sol-Gel-Derived Bismuth Oxide via Calcination Time Optimization for Methyl Orange Degradation Astuti, Yayuk; Muslim, Agus; Darmawan, Adi
Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 2026: BCREC Volume 21 Issue 1 Year 2026 (April 2026)
Publisher : Masyarakat Katalis Indonesia - Indonesian Catalyst Society (MKICS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.9767/bcrec.20452

Abstract

Bismuth oxide (Bi2O3) is a yellow solid, has good electrical properties and a wide band gap energy (2-3.96 eV). Therefore, this material is commonly used as a photocatalyst. This study aims to synthesize bismuth oxide using the sol-gel method, determine its physicochemical characteristics and photocatalytic activity in the degradation of methyl orange dyes. Bi2O3 is synthesized from Bi(NO3)3.5H2O which is reacted with citric acid at 100 ° C for 20 hours. The formed gel is then dried and calcined at 600 °C for 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 hours. The synthesis results in the form of pale-yellow powder with the same crystal system that is a mixture of α-Bi2O3 (monoclinic) and γ-Bi2O3 (BCC) and has almost the same morphology that is similar to coral and has a particle size of 1-8 μm. The results of photocatalytic activity tests showed that the constant rate of degradation reaction of methyl orange by bismuth oxide with calcination time of 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 hours respectively was 2.76×10-5 s-1, 2.65×10-5 s-1, 2.53×10-5 s-1, 2.81×10-5 s-1 and 3.87×10-5 s-1. Bismuth oxide with a calcination time of 5 hours has the highest photocatalytic activity. Meanwhile, bismuth oxide with a calcination time of 5 hours has a band-gap of 2.86 eV and 2.64 eV. The stages of decomposition of bismuth oxide material with a calcination time of 5 hours consisted of 3 release stages namely H2O, CO2, CxHyOz respectively 12.20%, 5.33% 30.54%. Copyright © 2026 by Authors, Published by BCREC Publishing Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).
Synthesis and Carbonization of Core-Shell ZIF-67@ZIF-90 for Ciprofloxacin and Azithromycin Removal Al-Ghazzawi, Fatimah; Al-Mossawi, Mohammed Mahdi; Al-Shawi, Amjad; Al-Attafi, Kadhim
Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 2026: BCREC Volume 21 Issue 1 Year 2026 (April 2026)
Publisher : Masyarakat Katalis Indonesia - Indonesian Catalyst Society (MKICS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.9767/bcrec.20498

Abstract

The elimination of antibiotics such as Azithromycin (AZM) and Ciprofloxacin (CIP) from the contaminated water is crucial to safeguard both human health and environmental quality. This study investigates the synthesis of CoNC@NC core-shell composite by carbonizing ZIF-67@ZIF-90 composite, and the implementation of them in removing antibiotics from aqueous solutions. The composites were characterized using XRD, SEM, FTIR, Raman, TGA, and N2 adsorption-desorption. In the batch adsorption tests, the carbonized composite showed enhanced adsorption capacities compared to the original composite, with maximum adsorption capacities for AZM and CIP being 256.49 mg/g and 514.26 mg/g, respectively. The adsorption process was found to fit the pseudo-first-order kinetics and Langmuir isotherm models. The solution pH showed a significant impact on the adsorption capacity, with maximum capacities recorded at pH of 7 and 6 for the AZM and CIP solutions, respectively. In addition, it was demonstrated that after five regeneration cycles, the carbonized composite maintained the adsorption capacity at over 90% of the first cycle value, suggesting good reusability. These results revealed the potential of using CoNC@NC composites in environmental decontamination and antibiotic removal for wastewater treatment. Copyright © 2026 by Authors, Published by BCREC Publishing Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).
Modeling and Electrical Characterization of CO₂/Ar Dielectric Barrier Discharges at Atmospheric Pressure Chenoui, Mohamed; Tebani, Hocine; Benyoucef, Djilali
Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 2026: BCREC Volume 21 Issue 1 Year 2026 (April 2026)
Publisher : Masyarakat Katalis Indonesia - Indonesian Catalyst Society (MKICS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.9767/bcrec.20493

Abstract

AbstractIn this study, a one-dimensional fluid model is employed to analyze the electrical and physicochemical properties of dielectric barrier discharges (DBDs) in pure CO₂ and CO₂/Ar mixtures at atmospheric pressure. Validation against experimental data confirms the accuracy of the model, especially for discharge current characteristics, with a peak current of 2.5 mA. Time-resolved analysis revealed that CO and O₂ represent the major species formed during CO₂ splitting, while O, O₃, and minor carbon-based species appear at lower concentrations. Charged species such as CO₂⁺ and CO₃⁻ were found to play a critical role in plasma kinetics, strongly correlating with current pulses during breakdown events. Parametric studies highlighted the influence of argon fraction, frequency, voltage, and pressure on discharge performance. Optimal CO production was obtained in CO₂/Ar mixtures with 75–90% Ar, at intermediate frequencies 3 kHz, moderate pressures 760 Torr, and applied voltages up to 9 kV. These findings provide valuable insights into plasma-assisted CO₂ conversion, emphasizing the importance of discharge conditions in enhancing efficiency and guiding the design of DBD reactors for sustainable carbon utilization. Copyright © 2026 by Authors, Published by BCREC Publishing Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).
Green-Modified Ni/Al LDH with Camellia sinensis Bioactives: A Sustainable Strategy for Ceftriaxone Removal Amri, Amri; Fithri, Najma Annuria; Said, Muhammad; Lesbani, Aldes
Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 2026: BCREC Volume 21 Issue 1 Year 2026 (April 2026)
Publisher : Masyarakat Katalis Indonesia - Indonesian Catalyst Society (MKICS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.9767/bcrec.20513

Abstract

Ceftriaxone (CEF) is a β-lactam antibiotic widely used in the medical field to treat various bacterial infections in both humans and animals. The high usage of CEF has the potential to cause environmental pollution and antimicrobial resistance, necessitating effective treatment methods. In this study, the adsorption method is proposed using Ni/Al layered double hydroxide (LDH) and Camellia sinensis extract-modified material (Ni/Al-CSe) as a sustainable bio-modification approach. The results show the optimal adsorption pH for Ni/Al LDH is 3 and for Ni/Al-CSe is 5, with the adsorption isotherms following the Freundlich model and the kinetics conforming to pseudo-first order (PFO). The maximum adsorption capacity (Qm) significantly increased from 28.818 mg.g-1 (Ni/Al LDH) to 111.111 mg.g-1 (Ni/Al-CSe). Thermodynamic analysis revealed that adsorption on both materials proceeds spontaneously, while the consistently more negative ΔG values and predominantly exothermic behavior of Ni/Al-CSe confirm its superior thermodynamic favorability associated with more specific surface interactions. Regeneration tests up to four cycles showed that Ni/Al-CSe was more stable than Ni/Al LDH. Overall, modifying Ni/Al LDH with Camellia sinensis extract was proven to enhance adsorption capacity, spontaneity, and stability, providing an effective and environmentally friendly solution for antibiotic treatment. Copyright © 2026 by Authors, Published by BCREC Publishing Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).
Influence of Nickel and Aluminum in Bentonite for Ethanol-to-Gasoline Reaction Widjaya, Robert Ronal; Siregar, Yusraini D. I.; Nabillah, Syifa H.; Rinaldi, Nino; Simanungkalit, Sabar P.; Prasetyo, Joni; Dwiatmoko, Adid Adep
Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 2026: BCREC Volume 21 Issue 1 Year 2026 (April 2026)
Publisher : Masyarakat Katalis Indonesia - Indonesian Catalyst Society (MKICS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.9767/bcrec.20502

Abstract

Bentonite can be used as a catalyst due to its flexible structure. However, it has several drawbacks, including low thermal and hydrothermal stability, as well as a small surface area and pore volume. This study aims to modify the structure of bentonite using the pillared clay (PILC) method, in order to improve its physicochemical properties and catalytic activity. The bentonite was pillared with aluminium (Al/PILC), nickel (Ni/PILC), and a combination of both metals (Al-Ni/PILC). Catalyst characterization was carried out using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF), Surface Area Analyzer (SAA), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Temperature Programmed Desorption of Ammonia (TPD-NH₃), Thermogravimetric Analysis-Differential Scanning Calorimetry (TGA-DSC), and Gas Chromatography with Flame Ionization Detection (GC-FID). XRD analysis showed an increase in the interlayer spacing, the largest basal spacing is observed in Al/PILC. XRF results indicated an increase in the composition of Al₂O₃ and NiO in all four catalysts. SAA analysis demonstrated an increase in surface area and pore volume across the catalysts, the highest surface area is exhibited by Al/PILC (187.83 m2/g), while the largest pore diameter is observed in Al-Ni/PILC (12.83 nm). The acidity analysis using TPD-NH₃ shows that Al/PILC possesses the highest acidity value of 2.34 mmol/g. The presence of Brønsted acid sites was confirmed through FTIR analysis. TGA-DSC analysis indicated an improvement in the thermal stability of all tested catalysts. The Al/PILC catalyst showed the best performance at 150 °C. When the reaction temperature was increased to 250 °C, the Al-Ni/PILC catalyst demonstrated the highest efficiency in the ethanol-to-gasoline conversion process. Copyright © 2026 by Authors, Published by BCREC Publishing Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).

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