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Amerta
Published by BRIN Publishing
ISSN : 02151324     EISSN : 25498908     DOI : https://doi.org/10.55981/amt
Core Subject : Religion, Humanities, Education, Art, Social,
Religion Arts Humanities Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Social Sciences
Starting at Volume 40 Number 2 December 2022, AMERTA’s objective is to promote the wide dissemination of the results of systematic scholarly inquiries into the broad field of archaeological research in proto-history and history chronology themes in the Indonesian Archipelago. The primary, but not exclusive, audiences are researchers, academicians, graduate students, practitioners, and others interested in archaeological research. AMERTA accepts original articles on historical archaeology-related subjects and any research methodology that meets the standards established for publication in the journal. Papers published in the journal may cover a wide range of topics in historical archaeology, including, but not limited to: 1. Field of archaeological findings in Indonesia’s Proto History, Hindu-Buddhist, Islam, and Colonial periods; 2. New theoretical and methodological analyses; 3. Synthetic overviews of topics in the field of historical archaeology.
Arjuna Subject : Seni dan Humaniora - Arkeologi
Articles 727 Documents
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REPRESENTASI ANAK WUNGŚU SEBAGAI PENGUASA KERAJAAN BALI KUNO Prihatmoko, Hedwi; Wahyudi, Wanny Rahardjo
AMERTA Vol. 41 No. 1 (2023)
Publisher : Penerbit BRIN (BRIN Publishing)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55981/amt.2023.839

Abstract

Abstract. Representation of Anak Wungśu as the Ruler of the Ancient Balinese Kingdom. Representation is the process by which cultural agents use language, in a broad sense, to produce meaning, while meaning is created to represent a concept. Ancient Indonesian kings, including ancient Balinese kings, also engaged in the production of meaning to represent themselves, one of which was through inscriptions. King Anak Wungśu had a distinct portrayal as a king compared to his predecessors, particularly in the title used to address him. Nevertheless, the representation of an ideal king remained constructed around the figure of Anak Wungśu. There are three aspects to consider regarding the process of meaning production in Anak Wungśu’s inscriptions, namely the world of things, the conceptual world, and the signs. The data used are transcriptions of old Balinese inscriptions, research findings, and other scientific works related to epigraphy. Analysis was done by sorting, grouping, and translating the information within the inscriptions to provide an overview of the world of things, the conceptual world, and signs. The study in this article indicates that the representation of the ideal king of Anak Wungśu was constructed based on the concept of aṣṭabrata and his self-association with gods. The representation of this ideal king was also built through his policies as a manifestation of applying aṣṭabrata during his reign. Keywords: Inscription, Bali, Ancient History, Representation, Anak Wungśu, Ideal King, Aṣṭabrata.   Abstrak. Representasi adalah proses ketika pelaku budaya menggunakan bahasa, dalam arti yang luas, untuk memproduksi makna, sedangkan makna diproduksi untuk mewakili suatu konsep. Raja-raja pada masa Indonesia Kuno, termasuk raja Bali Kuno, juga melakukan produksi makna untuk merepresentasikan dirinya, salah satunya melalui prasasti. Raja Anak Wungśu memiliki penggambaran yang berbeda sebagai seorang raja jika dibandingkan dengan raja-raja pendahulunya, terutama dalam penyebutan gelarnya. Kendati demikian, representasi sebagai raja ideal masih tetap terbangun pada sosok Anak Wungśu. Terdapat tiga aspek yang perlu diperhatikan terkait proses produksi makna di dalam prasasti Raja Anak Wungśu, yaitu dunia realitas, dunia konseptual, dan tanda. Data yang digunakan berupa transkripsi prasasti Bali kuno, hasil penelitian, dan karya ilmiah lain yang berkaitan dengan bidang epigrafi. Analisis berupa pemilahan, pengelompokan, dan penerjemahan keterangan-keterangan dalam prasasti dilakukan untuk memberikan gambaran terkait dunia realitas, dunia konseptual, dan tanda. Kajian dalam artikel ini menunjukkan bahwa representasi raja ideal dari Anak Wungśu dibangun berdasarkan konsep aṣṭabrata dan pengasosiasian diri dengan dewa. Representasi raja ideal itu dibangun juga melalui kebijakan-kebijakannya sebagai bentuk penerapan aṣṭabrata di dalam kehidupan bernegara. Kata kunci: Prasasti, Bali, Sejarah Kuno, Representasi, Anak Wungśu, Raja Ideal, Aṣṭabrata.
UJI KETERKAITAN FENOMENA KEDATANGAN KOMET 1P/HALLEY TAHUN 760 MASEHI DENGAN ISI PRASASTI DINOYO MELALUI PENDEKATAN ARKEOASTRONOMI Imandiharja, Ide Nada; Mochamad Ikbal Arifyanto
AMERTA Vol. 41 No. 1 (2023)
Publisher : Penerbit BRIN (BRIN Publishing)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55981/amt.2023.878

Abstract

Abstract. Testing The Connection between The Appearance of Comet 1P/Halley in 760 CE and The Contents of Dinoyo Inscription through The Archaeoastronomical Approach. Astronomical knowledge has been attached to the ancestors of the Indonesian people since ancient times. The assumption raised in this study is that the Dinoyo Inscription is a response from the Kanjuruhan community to the phenomenon of the arrival of comet 1P/Halley which was identified in the same year as the year the inscription was issued. This research was conducted from the point of view of archeoastronomy. In this study, three types of tests were carried out, namely tests in chronological, geographical, and cultural aspects. Tests on chronological and geographical aspects use inscription data reviewed with the Stellarium astronomy application. Meanwhile, testing on cultural aspects is carried out by interpreting the symbols contained in the contents of the inscriptions. The results of these tests are used to strengthen the argument about the existence of a relationship between the contents of the Dinoyo Inscription and the arrival of comet 1P/Halley. The lack of data hampers the validity of the arguments that have been developed. However, based on the results of the tests that have been carried out, the behavior of the Kanjuruhan people on the Dinoyo Inscription is a response to the phenomenon of the return of comet 1P/Halley in 760 CE. Keywords: Dinoyo Inscription, Comet 1P/Halley, Archaeoastronomy   Abstrak. Pengetahuan astronomi telah melekat pada nenek moyang bangsa Indonesia sejak zaman dahulu kala. Dugaan yang dimunculkan dalam penelitian ini adalah bahwa Prasasti Dinoyo merupakan respon masyarakat Kanjuruhan terhadap fenomena kedatangan komet 1P/Halley yang teridentifikasi pada tahun yang sama dengan tahun dikeluarkannya prasasti. Penelitian ini dilakukan dalam pendekatan arkeoastronomi. Dalam penelitian ini, tiga jenis pengujian dilakukan, yaitu pengujian dalam aspek kronologis, geografis, dan budaya. Pengujian pada aspek kronologis dan geografis menggunakan data prasasti yang ditinjau dengan aplikasi astronomi Stellarium. Sementara itu, pengujian pada aspek budaya dilakukan dengan menafsirkan simbol-simbol yang terdapat pada isi prasasti. Hasil dari pengujian tersebut digunakan untuk memperkuat argumen tentang adanya hubungan antara isi Prasasti Dinoyo dengan peristiwa kedatangan komet 1P/Halley. Kurangnya data menghambat validitas argumen yang telah disusun. Namun demikian, berdasarkan hasil pengujian yang telah dilakukan, perilaku Masyarakat Kanjuruhan pada Prasasti Dinoyo merupakan respon atas fenomena kedatangan kembali komet 1P/Halley pada tahun 760 Masehi. Kata kunci: Prasasti Dinoyo, Komet 1P/Halley, Arkeoastronomi.
Cover Amerta Volume 40, Nomor 2, Tahun 2022 BRIN
AMERTA Vol. 40 No. 2 (2022)
Publisher : Penerbit BRIN (BRIN Publishing)

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Preface Amerta Volume 40, Nomor 2, Tahun 2022 BRIN
AMERTA Vol. 40 No. 2 (2022)
Publisher : Penerbit BRIN (BRIN Publishing)

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Appendix Amerta Volume 40, Nomor 2, Tahun 2022 BRIN
AMERTA Vol. 40 No. 2 (2022)
Publisher : Penerbit BRIN (BRIN Publishing)

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Dinamika Ekonomi di Lintasan Kereta Api Cirebon—Kadipaten pada Abad ke 19–20 M Yanti, Rus; Dewangga Eka Mahardian; Iwan Hermawan; Jauharatna, Katrynada
AMERTA Vol. 41 No. 2 (2023)
Publisher : Penerbit BRIN (BRIN Publishing)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55981/amt.2023.1995

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Abstract. The Economic Dynamics along the Cirebon-Kadipaten Railway Route in the 19th–20th Centuries. The Dutch East Indies government built many facilities and infrastructures related to the economy. The railway line, which began construction in the 19th century, became one of the driving forces that transformed the Cirebon—Kadipaten region into bustling economic centres. Cirebon-Kadipaten is one of the ancient routes formerly traversed by trains from the Dutch company Semarang-Cheribon Stroomtram Maatschappij (SCS), leaving behind many archaeological traces. The SCS route also enlivened the economic centres along its western path, such as sugar factories and markets. The ebbs and flows of the economy along the western route and its impact on urban development remain unknown. Through literature reviews and field surveys, this paper identifies economic centres along the western SCS route and assesses the extent to which this route impacted urban development in an effort to reconstruct local history. The research results indicate active economic centres peaking in the early 20th century. Sharp economic fluctuations began occurring in the late 20th century due to economic decline, affecting the takeover of economic assets, decreased trading activities, and repurposing of economic buildings. This decline ultimately marked the end of the economic golden age along the western route (Kadipaten) coinciding with the demise of the railway line that supported it, and urban development entered a stagnant phase. These setbacks eventually marked the end of the economic golden age along the western route (Kadipaten) coinciding with the demise of the railway line that supported it, and urban development remained stagnant. However, there were tendencies towards eastern development again at the beginning of the millennium, reminiscent of the 19th century, characterized by bustling local markets, local artisans, and Pecinan shophouses.   Keywords: Cirebon, Semarang Cheribon Stroomtram, Kadipaten, railway, economic centres   Abstrak. Pemerintah Hindia Belanda membangun banyak sarana dan prasarana yang berkaitan dengan perekonomian. Jalur kereta api yang mulai dibangun pada abad ke-19 menjadi salah satu motor penggerak yang mengubah daerah Cirebon--Kadipaten menjadi kantung-kantung ekonomi yang tidak pernah sepi. Cirebon—Kadipaten merupakan salah satu jalur kuno yang dulu pernah dilintasi kereta api buatan perusahaan Belanda bernama Semarang-Cheribon Stroomtram Maatschappij (SCS) yang banyak meninggalkan bukti arkeologis. Lintasan SCS juga turut meramaikan kantung-kantung ekonomi yang dilaluinya di jalur barat, seperti pabrik gula dan pasar.  Bagaimana pasang surut perekonomian di jalur barat dan dampaknya terhadap perkembangan kota, masih belum diketahui. Melalui studi pustaka dan survei lapangan, tulisan ini mengidentifikasi kantung-kantung ekonomi di sepanjang jalur barat SCS dan menakar sejauh mana jalur tersebut berdampak terhadap perkembangan kota sebagai upaya rekonstruksi sejarah lokal. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kantung-kantung ekonomi aktif dan mencapai puncaknya pada awal abad ke-20. Fluktuasi ekonomi yang tajam mulai terjadi pada akhir abad ke-20 sebagai imbas dari kemunduran ekonomi (malaise) yang berdampak pada pengambilalihan aset ekonomi, penurunan aktivitas perdagangan, serta pengalihfungsian bangunan-bangunan ekonomi. Kemunduran tersebut pada akhirnya menandai berakhirnya masa keemasan perekonomian di jalur barat (Kadipaten) bersamaan dengan matinya jalur kereta api yang menghidupinya, dan perkembangan kota berada pada fase stagnan, tetapi ada kecenderungan pada awal millennium, perkembangan tersebut kembali ke arah timur, seperti pada abad ke-19, yang ditandai dengan berkembangnya keramaian di pasar-pasar lokal, pengrajin lokal, dan ruko-ruko di Pecinan.  Kata kunci: Cirebon, Semarang Cirebon Stroomtram, Kadipaten, kereta api, kantung ekonomi
Candi Keboireng: Aspek Keagamaan dan Kronologinya Al Haq, Muhammad Azzam; Wirasanti, Niken
AMERTA Vol. 41 No. 2 (2023)
Publisher : Penerbit BRIN (BRIN Publishing)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55981/amt.2023.3002

Abstract

Abstract. Keboireng Temple: Its Religious Aspects and Chronology. Various aspects of the existence of temples can be studied, one of which is the religious background underlying the construction of the temple. Generally, the identification of the religious background of temple buildings can be based on the presence of the main deity statue worshipped in the temple. However, not all temples are rediscovered in intact condition, one of which is the Keboireng Temple. Therefore, the identification of the religious background of Keboireng Temple is carried out by utilising the data of decorative elements (kāla), written source data (inscriptions and ancient manuscripts), and toponyms. The kāla of Keboireng Temple is unique because it is depicted grasping and biting an object until it bends. Such a depiction of kāla is not commonly found. The Mūla Maluruŋ inscription mentions the existence of a place of worship of Bhairawa, one of the terrifying manifestations of the Hindu deity Śhiva, in Kapulungan. Other data sources were used to find the connection between the toponym of Kapulungan and Keboireng Temple. The analysis of the unique depiction of kāla, the description in the Mūla Maluruŋ inscription, and the identification of the Kapulungan toponym lead to the conclusion that Keboireng Temple in its original context was a temple for followers of the Bhairawa sect that flourished during the Siŋhasāri period. Keywords: Keboireng Temple, Religious Background, Kāla Ornament, Kapulungan, Bhairawa   Abstrak. Terdapat berbagai aspek yang dapat dikaji mengenai keberadaan candi, salah satunya adalah latar keagamaan yang mendasari pembangunan candi tersebut. Pada umumnya, identifikasi latar keagamaan bangunan candi dapat didasarkan pada keberadaan arca utama yang dipuja di candi. Namun, tidak semua candi ditemukan kembali dalam keadaan utuh, salah satunya adalah Candi Keboireng. Oleh karena itu, identifikasi latar keagamaan Candi Keboireng dilakukan dengan memanfaatkan data ragam hias (kāla), data sumber tertulis (prasasti dan naskah kuno), dan toponimi. Kāla Candi Keboireng memiliki keunikan karena digambarkan menggenggam dan menggigit sebuah objek hingga bengkok. Penggambaran kāla tersebut tidak umum dijumpai. Prasasti Mūla Maluruŋ menyebutkan adanya tempat pemujaan Bhairawa, salah satu manifestasi Dewa Śiwa dalam agama Hindu yang berwujud mengerikan, di Kapulungan. Sumber data lain digunakan untuk mencari keterkaitan antara toponimi Kapulungan dengan Candi Keboireng. Analisis terhadap penggambaran kāla yang unik, keterangan dalam prasasti Mūla Maluruŋ, serta identifikasi atas toponimi Kapulungan menghasilkan kesimpulan bahwa Candi Keboireng dalam konteks aslinya merupakan sebuah kuil untuk penganut aliran Bhairawa yang berkembang pesat pada masa Siŋhasāri.  Kata kunci: Candi Keboireng, Latar Keagamaan, Kāla, Kapulungan, Bhairawa
Cover Amerta Volume 41, Nomor 1, Tahun 2023 BRIN
AMERTA Vol. 41 No. 1 (2023)
Publisher : Penerbit BRIN (BRIN Publishing)

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Preface Amerta Volume 41, Nomor 1, Tahun 2023 BRIN
AMERTA Vol. 41 No. 1 (2023)
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GAMBAR CADAS ANTROPOMORFIK DI KEPULAUAN MALUKU: Studi Kasus di Pulau Kaimear dan Kisar, Maluku Lucas Wattimena; Marlyn J. Salhuteru; Godlief A. Peseletehaha; Karyamantha Surbakti; Muhammad Al Mujabuddawat; Andrew Huwae
AMERTA Vol. 39 No. 2 (2021)
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Abstract. Anthropomorphic Images of Rock Art In Moluccas Archipelago, Indonesia (Case Study In Kaimear and Kisar Island, Maluku). The Maluku Islands Cluster consists of a group of large and small islands located horizontally and vertically between the equator. These geographical conditions make the Maluku Islands as one of the characters of archipelagic rock image sites in Indonesia. This paper presents the shape and distribution of anthropomorphic rock images in the Maluku Islands in the Wallacea Region. The research location covers the southeastern part of the Maluku Islands, namely Kaimear Island and Kisar Island, Maluku Province. The purpose of this paper is to determine the shape and distribution of anthropomorphic rock images in the Maluku Islands. This study used the descriptive qualitative method. The data used is a combination of data obtained from research in 2014 - 2019. The results show that there are eighty forms of human rock images scattered on sites on Kisar Island, which include the Here Sorot Entapa, Herku, Intutun, Irmula, Kulwasuru, Lenhorhorok, Liotitin, Salpuru,Wakurai, Hersorsorot, and one site on Kaimear Island, the Kel lein Site. Abstrak. Gugusan Kepulauan Maluku terdiri atas gugusan pulau-pulau besar dan kecil terletak sejajar secara horizontal dan vertikal di antara garis khatulistiwa. Kondisi geografis tersebut menjadikan Kepulauan Maluku sebagai salah satu karakter situs gambar cadas kepulauan di Indonesia. Tulisan ini menyajikan bentuk dan sebaran gambar cadas motif antropomorfik di Kepulauan Maluku yang berada di Kawasan Wallacea. Lokasi penelitian mencakup wilayah gugusan Kepulauan Maluku bagian tenggara, yaitu Pulau Kaimear dan Pulau Kisar, Provinsi Maluku. Tujuan penulisan ini adalah untuk mengetahui bentuk dan sebaran gambar cadas antropormofik di Kepulauan Maluku. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif. Data yang digunakan merupakan gabungan antara data yang diperoleh dari penelitian tahun 2014 - 2019. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa terdapat delapan puluh bentuk gambar cadas manusia yang tersebar di situs di Pulau Kisar, yang meliputi Situs Here Sorot Entapa, Herku, Intutun, Irmula, Kulwasuru, Lenhorhorok, Liotitin, Salpuru, Wakurai, Hersorsorot, dan satu situs di Pulau Kaimear, yaitu Situs Kel lein.

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