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Journal of Engineering and Technological Sciences
Published by Institut Teknologi Bandung
ISSN : 23385502     EISSN : 23375779     DOI : 10.5614/j.eng.technol.sci
Core Subject : Engineering,
Aerospace Engineering Automotive Engineering Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Electrical & Electronics Engineering
ournal of Engineering and Technological Sciences welcomes full research articles in: General Engineering Earth-Surface Processes Materials Science Environmental Science Mechanical Engineering Chemical Engineering Civil and Structural Engineering Authors are invited to submit articles that have not been published previously and are not under consideration elsewhere.
Arjuna Subject : Teknik (semua kategori) - Teknik (Lain-Lain)
Articles 11 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol. 56 No. 4 (2024)" : 11 Documents clear
Modelling of Sulfur Dioxide Removal by Seawater in a Flue Gas Desulfurization Absorber Dewi, Kania; Andreasen, Anders; Ediansjah, Addina Shafiyya
Journal of Engineering and Technological Sciences Vol. 56 No. 4 (2024)
Publisher : Directorate for Research and Community Services, Institut Teknologi Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5614/j.eng.technol.sci.2024.56.4.7

Abstract

Although Indonesia has set a target for increasing the use of renewable energy for electricity generation, the use of coal as a source of energy will still dominate at least until 2040. Sulfur dioxide (SO2) along with other gases and particulates released from the use of coal in coal-fired power plants (CFPPs) may cause air pollution. The use of seawater, an abundant source of absorbent in a maritime country such as Indonesia, in flue gas desulfurization (SWFGD) absorbers, is an economical option for treating SO2 in an absorption tower compared to other alkaline chemicals, e.g. limestone (CaCO3) or magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH)2). A model, which correlates the equilibrium of the reaction with the salinity of the absorbent, was developed to predict the sulfur dioxide scrubbing process inside an SWFGD absorber. The simulation also took into account the mass and energy balance during the scrubbing process. The calibration using field SWFGD data showed a good correspondence between field data and modelling results.
Urbanization and Consequent Carbon Footprints from Transportation and Construction Sector in Malaysia after Industrial Revolution 4.0 Musarat, Muhammad Ali; Alaloul, Wesam Salah; Bukhari, Hamna; Ayub, Saba; Thiong, Thiong Samuel Ateny
Journal of Engineering and Technological Sciences Vol. 56 No. 4 (2024)
Publisher : Directorate for Research and Community Services, Institut Teknologi Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5614/j.eng.technol.sci.2024.56.4.1

Abstract

Malaysia has experienced rapid urbanization since Industrial Revolution (IR) 4.0, which has resulted in significant changes in energy consumption and CO2 emissions. Its urban areas are characterized by high population densities, which has led to increased demand for transportation and construction activities, thereby enhancing the carbon footprint of Malaysia. Yet, the country has also set ambitious targets for reducing its carbon footprint and has committed itself to the Paris Agreement on climate change. The government has set a target to reduce the intensity of greenhouse gas emissions by 45%, compared to the level in 2005, by 2030. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the domains from the transportation and construction sectors that are most responsible for Malaysia’s CO2 emissions along with exploring the government’s initiatives to mitigate these emissions. In order to recommend sustainable techniques that are currently most suitable for the Malaysian context, a survey was conducted. The results showed that sustainable building materials and green building certifications should be the two top priorities of the government in order to control emissions from selected domains. The research also provides practical suggestions to help the country achieve its sustainability targets.
Sustainable Stabilization of Clay Soil with Rice Husk Ash Abdulrahman, Shaimaa M.; Al Kindi, Ghayda Yaseen; Ihsan, Elaf Abd Al–AzaI
Journal of Engineering and Technological Sciences Vol. 56 No. 4 (2024)
Publisher : Directorate for Research and Community Services, Institut Teknologi Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5614/j.eng.technol.sci.2024.56.4.2

Abstract

Groundwater-exposed liquid clay soil (CL) makes foundations unstable. This study used recycled rice husk ash and treated clay soil exposed to groundwater with low-cost, environmentally friendly materials. This paper presents a recent prediction of three equations that link the plastic index to soil strength, cohesion, and the bearing capacity of a foundation. This prediction takes into account the soil’ characteristics before and after treatment, as well as the cumulative load until failure. It creates four models before and after treatment, as well as a different time period after treatment, to study the situation. This is achieved by mixing the best-added ratios in depth equal to the foundation width. The limitations of Atterberg, and the unconfined compressive strength were tested using three additives: cement alone, rice husk ash alone, and rice husk ash plus 2% cement. The percentages were 4%, 6%, 8%, and 10% of the soil weight. It was noted that soil activity dropped from 0.98 to 0.31, 0.32, and 0.42 for cement 8%, rice husk ash 8% plus 2% cement, and 8% RHA alone. The foundation bearing capacity increased from 49 at 1 day to 115, 275, and 460 Kpa for 7, 14, and 28 days, respectively.
Trip Pattern Impact of Electric Vehicles in Optimized Power Production using Orca Algorithm Afandi, Arif Nur; Zulkifli, Shamsul Aizam; Korba, Petr; Sevilla, Felix Rafael Segundo; Handayani, Anik Nur; Aripriharta, Aripriharta; Wibawa, Aji Presetya; Afandi, Farrel Candra Winata
Journal of Engineering and Technological Sciences Vol. 56 No. 4 (2024)
Publisher : Directorate for Research and Community Services, Institut Teknologi Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5614/j.eng.technol.sci.2024.56.4.3

Abstract

Power systems are run by combining different energy producers while the demand serves as the system’s energy user and covers all of the non-flexible and flexible loads, including electric vehicles (EVs). This study investigated the trip pattern impact of EVs, utilizing the Orca Algorithm (OA), in optimizing power production, applied to the IEEE-62 bus system as a model. Considering one-way and two-way trips over several categories of typical roads, the mobility of 14,504 EVs, divided into four driving patterns (Mobility 1-4), was estimated. Approximately 2,933 EVs traveled for working/business/study purposes, 3,862 EVs traveled for service/shopping purposes, approximately 5,376 EVs traveled for leisure purposes, while 2,334 EVs traveled for other reasons. The system had a total demand of 18,234.9 MVA, including 3,352.8 MW for electric vehicles and 14,151.5 MW for non-flexible loads. The EVs traveled a total of 119,018 km in Mobility 1, 141,799 km in Mobility 2, 184,614 km in Mobility 3, and 82,637 km in Mobility 4. The power produced was also used to charge the EVs during trips.
A Proposed Approach to Utilizing Esp32 Microcontroller for Data Acquisition Tran, Vy-Khang; Thai, Bao-Toan; Pham, Hai; Nguyen, Van-Khan; Nguyen, Van-Khanh
Journal of Engineering and Technological Sciences Vol. 56 No. 4 (2024)
Publisher : Directorate for Research and Community Services, Institut Teknologi Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5614/j.eng.technol.sci.2024.56.4.4

Abstract

Accurate data acquisition is crucial in embedded systems. This study aimed to evaluate the data acquisition ability of the ESP32 Analog to Digital Converter (ADC) module when combined with the I2S module to collect high-frequency data. Sine waves at various frequencies and white noise were recorded in this mode. The recorded data were analyzed by the fast Fourier transform (FFT) to assess the accuracy of the recorded data and evaluate the generated noise. Digital filters are proposed to improve the quality of the collected signals. A 2D spectrogram imaging algorithm is proposed to convert the data to time-frequency domain images. The results showed that the ADC module could effectively collect signals at frequencies up to 96 kHz; frequency errors were proportional to the sampling rate, and the maximum was 79.6 Hz, equivalent to 0.38%. The execution time of the lowpass and highpass filters was about 6.83 ms and for the bandpass filter about 5.97 ms; the spectrogram imaging time was 40 ms; while the calculation time for an FFT transform was approximately 1.14 ms, which is appropriate for real-time running. These results are significant for data collection systems based on microcontrollers and are a premise for deploying TinML networks on embedded systems.
Chemical Machining of Aluminum Alloy 2024: The Critical Roles of Temperature and Solution Concentration in Enhancing Corrosion Rate and Surface Texture Muhammad, Ahmed K.; Mohammed, Tawfeeq W.; Resan, Kadhim K.
Journal of Engineering and Technological Sciences Vol. 56 No. 4 (2024)
Publisher : Directorate for Research and Community Services, Institut Teknologi Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5614/j.eng.technol.sci.2024.56.4.5

Abstract

Chemical etching is a crucial process in materials science that involves controlling material removal through chemical reactions. It offers precise surface manipulation for various applications. In this study, the focus was on investigating the influence of temperature and etching solution concentration on the corrosion rate and surface roughness of aluminum alloy 2024. A range of temperatures (from 35 to 65°C) was selected with increments of 5 °C. Three concentrations (9, 20 and 29 Be) of the etching solution (ferric chloride) were examined. The experimental results revealed that both the corrosion rate and surface roughness increased with higher temperatures and concentrations. The values of corrosion rate and surface roughness varied from 1.15 x 10-4 mm/min and 1.208 μm, respectively at 35 °C, to 1.291x10-3 mm/min and 7.431 μm, respectively at 65 °C. However, the effect of temperature was found to be more significant than that of concentration for the range under study. Understanding the relationship between temperature, concentration, corrosion rate, and surface roughness in chemical etching of Al-2024 enables the optimization of the process for tailored material properties. This can be helpful in industrial application fields that require precise surface manipulation, such as automotive, airplanes, aerospace, medical, households and consumer electronics
Influence of Bituminous Layer Modulus and Soil Layer Properties on the Modulus of Granular Layer Gopal, Sivaprakash; Padmarekha, Ajithkumar
Journal of Engineering and Technological Sciences Vol. 56 No. 4 (2024)
Publisher : Directorate for Research and Community Services, Institut Teknologi Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5614/j.eng.technol.sci.2024.56.4.6

Abstract

Bituminous pavements are designed to withstand vertical compressive strain at the top of the subgrade layer and horizontal tensile strain at the bottom of the bituminous layer. The modulus value of all the layers acts as an important parameter for accurate pavement designing. As the value of the granular layer’s modulus is a function of deviatoric stress and confinement pressure, this research studied the influence of bituminous and soil layer properties on the modulus of the granular layer hypothesized to follow E = k1 θ^(k2 ), where θ represents the stress invariant and k1 and k2 denote constants. The granular layer modulus was predicted at different depths for various cases using the KENPAVE software. When the bituminous layer modulus was increased, the granular layer modulus decreased. When the bituminous layer thickness was smaller, the granular layer modulus decreased with depth. Increasing the thickness of the bituminous layer by 10 cm decreased its modulus by 10 MPa. Increasing the depth caused a decrease in the modulus of the granular layer, but the modulus of the subgrade had no effect. The trends of stresses and strains from the nonlinear analysis were identical to those of stresses and strains from the linear analysis.
Reliability-based Design Optimization (RBDO) Study Applied to the Thermal Management of a Multi-Led Chip Package Elnouino, Houda; Bendaou, Omar; Bendaou, Othmane
Journal of Engineering and Technological Sciences Vol. 56 No. 4 (2024)
Publisher : Directorate for Research and Community Services, Institut Teknologi Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5614/j.eng.technol.sci.2024.56.4.8

Abstract

Solid-state lighting based on LEDs is used in various applications, including display, communications, etc. However, the high junction temperature is still challenging due to the LED chip’s reduced light output and lifetime. To face this challenge, a thermal study was done to determine junction temperature TJ of a multi-led chip package. Then, a sensitivity analysis of different materials was performed using the Sobol method to identify the parameters that most influence the junction temperature. To calculate the probability of failure of the model, the FORM-SORM and Monte Carlo methodologies were employed in this study. It was obtained that the probability of failure of the LED package is roughly 20%. An optimum design was created using reliability-based design optimization (RBDO) to lower this percentage. After application of this method, the junction temperature was lowered by 11% and the reliability level increased from 80% to 91%.
Characteristics of Activated Carbon Panels in Reducing CO, NO2, HC, Pb, and Noise Darmanijati, Maria Roosa Srah; Pranoto, Pranoto; Ramelan, Ari Handono; Inayati, Inayati
Journal of Engineering and Technological Sciences Vol. 56 No. 4 (2024)
Publisher : Directorate for Research and Community Services, Institut Teknologi Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5614/j.eng.technol.sci.2024.56.4.9

Abstract

Increasing population growth has resulted in increased vehicle ownership and the need for parking facilities, including in basements. This study aimed to explore the efficacy of palm shell activated carbon panels in reducing CO, NO2, HC, Pb, and noise. The experiment was conducted in a 4 m x 3 m x 2.1 m room using three treatments: without installed activated carbon panels; with 1 cm x 20 cm x 20 cm activated carbon panels; and with 2 cm x 20 cm x 20 cm activated carbon panels. During the measurement, three motorcycles were turned on and kept in idle mode. The concentrations of CO, NO2, HC, ambient Pb, and noise were measured. The results showed that the activated carbon panels were able to reduce CO, NO2, Pb, HC, and noise. The highest performance was obtained for 2-cm thickness of activated carbon panels, with CO, NO2, HC, Pb, and noise decreasing to 824 µg/m3, 8.4 µg/m3, 4.4 µg/m3, 0.2 µg/m3, and 87.44 dB, respectively. Following the adsorption process, the carbon content and pore size of the activated carbon panels had changed from 68.32% to 90.95% and 0.17-3.652 µm to 0.34-5.56 µm respectively for testing with 2-cm thickness panels.
Analysis of Liquid Smoke Grade Characteristics from Coconut Shells and Palm Kernel Shell Waste Through a Slow Pyrolysis Process Afrah, Bazlina Dawami; Riady, M. Ihsan; Payomthip, Panida; Ramadhanty, Rizky Vasya; Rizki, Fadhilah; Alfayyadh, Muhammad Luthfi
Journal of Engineering and Technological Sciences Vol. 56 No. 4 (2024)
Publisher : Directorate for Research and Community Services, Institut Teknologi Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5614/j.eng.technol.sci.2024.56.4.10

Abstract

This research was motivated by the abundance of biomass plantations in Indonesia. Accumulated biomass waste will cause environmental problems. Biomass processing can resolve this issue, by producing functionally and economically valuable products. The purpose of this research was to increase the value of biomass by processing it as liquid smoke through pyrolysis and then proceeding to the purification stage. The purification method applied in this research was a combination of distillation and adsorption processes using natural zeolite. The variables of this research were: two types of biomass, namely coconut shells and palm kernel shells, and liquid smoke grade variations. The analysis parameters were: pH, viscosity, density, acid content, and phenol analysis as well as GC-MS. The characteristics analysis results showed that all liquid smoke samples met the Japanese liquid smoke standard. Based on pH, acid, and phenol analysis, the liquid smoke from the coconut shells sample had better quality compared to the liquid smoke from palm kernel shells, namely with pH 2.36, acid content 0.26 mg/mL, and phenol 2,368.75 ppm. The GC-MS test results indicated that grade-1 liquid smoke from both samples contained antibacterial compounds, such as phosphonic acid, formic acid, and carbamic acid, which have the potential to inhibit bacterial growth.

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