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Sainstech Nusantara
Published by Nusantara Publisher
ISSN : 30630657     EISSN : -     DOI : https://doi.org/10.71225/jstn.v1i4
Core Subject : Science, Engineering,
Aerospace Engineering Automotive Engineering Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Computer Science & IT Control & Systems Engineering
The journal publishes original papers that cover, but are not limited to, the following topics: Mechanical Engineering Chemical Engineering Electrical Engineering Civil Engineering Chemistry Energy Transportation Computer Science Physic Material Science
Arjuna Subject : Teknik (semua kategori) - Teknik (Lain-Lain)
Articles 40 Documents
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Design and Implementation of an IoT-Based Speed Control and Monitoring System for 3-Phase Induction Motors Fanani, Wisnu Bachtiar; Kustanto, Jaka Septian; Setiawan, Hadi; Edy Kristiyono, Antonius
SAINSTECH NUSANTARA Vol. 2 No. 3 (2025): August 2025
Publisher : Nusantara Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.71225/jstn.v2i3.84

Abstract

As industries seek to improve product quality and reduce costs, automation tools like 3-phase induction motors have become indispensable due to their simplicity, cost-effectiveness, efficiency, and ease of maintenance. This study investigates the automation of monitoring for 3-phase induction motors through the integration of various components, including the A3114 Hall Effect sensor, PZEM-PP4T sensor, 20x4 LCD, ESP32 module, relay, Mitsubishi D700 inverter, and MCP 4725 sensor. Testing results show high accuracy in measuring critical motor parameters such as speed, voltage, and current. The Hall Effect sensor demonstrated an average accuracy of 4.12% compared to a tachometer, while the PZEM sensor exhibited a 0.90% accuracy for voltage and a 0.98% accuracy for current when compared to a multimeter, affirming the reliability of the system. Overall, the system provides consistent and precise measurements, transforming manual monitoring into an efficient automated process. This advancement significantly enhances the reliability and effectiveness of 3-phase motor monitoring in industrial applications
Optimization Control in MG-16 DC Motor Using LQR and LQT Configurations Nugraha, Anggara Trisna; Muhammad Bilhaq Ashlah; Rama Arya Sobhita; Dhadys Ayu Juli Anjhani
SAINSTECH NUSANTARA Vol. 2 No. 3 (2025): August 2025
Publisher : Nusantara Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.71225/jstn.v2i3.105

Abstract

DC motors are widely used electronic components commonly found in everyday applications. Typically, when a load is applied, a DC motor tends to decelerate and fails to maintain a constant speed. To address this, motor speed can be controlled by adjusting the input voltage. However, to maintain consistent speed under varying loads, a control system is necessary. LQR works by adjusting the motor response to closely approach the desired setpoint, while minimizing both overshoot and undershoot within the system. On the other hand, LQT is a linear control strategy designed to ensure that the system output closely follows a time-varying reference or setpoint. When implemented, LQR yields a motor response that aligns with the target setpoint without any overshoot or undershoot. In contrast, if LQR is not applied, the motor response deviates significantly from the desired target and takes a longer time to settle. Meanwhile, the LQT method produces a quicker response reaching steady state in approximately ±0.5 seconds although it does introduce some overshoot and slight ripple in the signal. Despite these minor drawbacks, LQT is often favored over LQR for applications involving the MG-16B DC motor due to its superior speed in reaching the setpoint.
Simulation Analysis of System Optimization Using an EC-Max 40 Type DC Motor Plant Muhammad Izzul Haj; Nugraha, Anggara Trisna; Rama Arya Sobhita; Rony Dwi Kristiawan
SAINSTECH NUSANTARA Vol. 2 No. 3 (2025): August 2025
Publisher : Nusantara Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.71225/jstn.v2i3.107

Abstract

A control system functions to regulate one or more variables, ensuring they remain at specific values or within desired limits. The primary aim is to achieve optimal system performance through effective control strategies. In this study, system optimization is explored within a closed-loop configuration using a DC motor as the plant. The motor selected for this analysis is the EC-Max 40, a direct current motor that converts electrical energy into mechanical motion. Utilizing the motor's datasheet, a first-order mathematical model is developed and implemented in Matlab Simulink for simulation purposes. The system design incorporates both Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR) and Linear Quadratic Tracker (LQT) methods to evaluate and compare their performance. The analysis focuses on the step response of the system observing how the output behaves in response to input variations both under ideal conditions and in the presence of noise. The simulations reveal that both LQR and LQT methods produce similarly effective results; however, the LQT approach demonstrates a faster convergence to stability compared to the LQR method.
Accuracy Assessment of Railway Track Inspection Equipment 'Void Meter' Based on the Internet of Things Adi, Wahyu Tamtomo; Risnanto Nugroho, Bagas; Wardani Puruhita, Hana
SAINSTECH NUSANTARA Vol. 2 No. 3 (2025): August 2025
Publisher : Nusantara Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.71225/jstn.v2i3.115

Abstract

Dynamic skilu caused by ballast voids is one of the main causes of train derailments in Indonesia. Early detection of this condition still relies on measurement trains, which have limited inspection intervals. This study aims to test the accuracy of the third-generation void meter based on the Internet of Things (IoT), which has been redesigned to enhance the precision of measuring ballast voids, train speed, and rail temperature. The research methods include the collection of primary and secondary data, field testing of the device, and statistical analysis. Analysis was conducted using standard deviation tests, ANOVA, the Mann–Whitney test, and MAPE. Test results showed that the system can display data in real-time through the Blynk and ThingSpeak platforms and provide automatic notifications when measurement values exceed tolerance limits. The standard deviation of the device is lower than that of conventional devices, MAPE for all parameters is <10%, and the results of the ANOVA and Mann–Whitney tests show no significant differences between data groups. Thus, the third-generation void meter has proven to have high accuracy and consistency, making it suitable for continuous railway track inspections. Additionally, the void meter has been proven to be 59.70% more cost-effective than the densometer.
Aerodynamic Performance Optimization on NACA 2412 Airfoil Flap With The Addition of Riblets Faadihillah, Almer; Hariyadi Suranto Putro, Setyo; Wulansari, Ajeng
SAINSTECH NUSANTARA Vol. 2 No. 3 (2025): August 2025
Publisher : Nusantara Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.71225/jstn.v2i3.118

Abstract

The development of technology in the world of aerodynamics, one of which is research on airfoils. There have been many various studies that have been used to examine airfoils in various flap configurations according to their use. along with the development of the times, research is increasingly easy to do without taking up a lot of time and spending a lot of money. Aerodynamic characteristics are very important in the field of aerodynamic application science aimed at obtaining the maximum performance of an airfoil shape. Therefore, in this case, research on the aerodynamic characteristics of an airfoil is very necessary to get results in the form of airfoil configuration development with force output results for better performance. The results of this study indicate that there is an increase in the performance of NACA 2412 airfoil with the addition of v-groove riblets compared to without v-groove riblets. The existence of v-groove riblets, can delay the occurrence of separation. The simulation shows that the highest lift coefficient increase occurs at α = 14˚ with an increase of 3% lift coefficient and can reduce drag by 7.3% at α = 2˚ so it can be concluded by adding riblets to the airfoil can improve the performance of the Airfoil
Comparison of System Optimization Methods: LQR vs. LQT on the Output Response of IG-42CRGM DC Motor Muhammad Bilhaq Ashlah; Nugraha, Anggara Trisna; Rama Arya Sobhita; Geniari Nastiti
SAINSTECH NUSANTARA Vol. 2 No. 4 (2025): November 2025
Publisher : Nusantara Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.71225/jstn.v2i4.99

Abstract

DC motors are widely utilized in industrial applications for their reliability and efficiency. To optimize their performance, it is crucial to employ control systems supported by mathematical modeling to predict motor responses under varying conditions. This study investigates the first- and second-order models of DC motors and examines the impact of internal disturbances (noise) on system performance. The output responses of two DC motors, the 42BLFX02 and Maxon EC-I 40 (70W), are compared under both undisturbed and noisy conditions using simulations. The results reveal that the second-order model offers a more stable response and better aligns with the desired target compared to the first-order model. Furthermore, the application of the Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR) control method significantly enhances the speed and accuracy of reaching the motor set point. However, when noise is introduced, the LQR method fails to maintain stability, and the motor's output starts to mirror the disturbance pattern. These findings highlight that while LQR is effective under ideal conditions, its performance diminishes when exposed to disturbances. Therefore, additional strategies are necessary to ensure stability and optimal performance in real-world conditions, particularly in environments with significant noise or disturbances.  
Enhancing LQR and LQT Control Strategies for the Output Performance of PG36M555 DC Motors Akhmad Azhar Firdaus; Nugraha, Anggara Trisna; Rama Arya Sobhita; Dhadys Ayu Juli Anjhani
SAINSTECH NUSANTARA Vol. 2 No. 4 (2025): November 2025
Publisher : Nusantara Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.71225/jstn.v2i4.101

Abstract

A DC motor is commonly utilized as an actuator due to its ability to produce high torque. Controlling the motor's speed is one of the primary methods to manage its performance. Among various wireless communication options, radio waves are preferred since they do not require a clear line of sight between the transmitter and receiver. Employing multiple antennas offers benefits such as enhanced reliability and increased data transmission rates. This study focuses on designing and simulating four types of systems: SISO, SIMO, MISO, and MIMO. The performance of these configurations is evaluated and compared using Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) and channel capacity, with variations in antenna count. Simulations were carried out in MATLAB to analyze how different antenna quantities (4, 8, and 16) affect channel capacity across an SNR range of 0 to 30 dB. The simulation outcomes reveal a substantial rise in system capacity, reaching up to 214 bits/Hz/sec when a 16x16 MIMO setup is applied at 30 dB SNR.
Design and Structural Analysis of Meatball Printing Machine with Arduino Uno-Based Security System for Operator Protection Ramadhan, Bayu Surya; Widodo, Edi; Fahruddin, A'rasy; Mulyadi
SAINSTECH NUSANTARA Vol. 2 No. 4 (2025): November 2025
Publisher : Nusantara Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.71225/jstn.v2i4.119

Abstract

This study presents the design and structural verification of a compact meatball-forming machine that integrates an Arduino Uno–based operator protection system. A redesigned 500×500×1011 mm frame made of 20×20×1.5 mm hollow steel was modeled in SolidWorks 2024 and evaluated using finite element analysis (von Mises stress, displacement, strain, and safety factor) under an applied load representing a 30 kg operating condition. To reduce assembly complexity, two alternative concepts were assessed using Design for Assembly (DFA), and the most efficient configuration was selected for detailed development. The safety subsystem employs an HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor facing the operator zone; when the detected distance falls below 10 cm, the controller triggers a warning indicator and enables protective control actions. The final concept achieved higher DFA efficiency (18%) than the initial concept (16%) while reducing material use and overall footprint. Structural simulations indicate a peak von Mises stress of 163.6 MPa, below the 250 MPa yield strength of ASTM A36 steel, a maximum displacement of 1.002 mm, and a minimum safety factor of 1.528, confirming adequate stiffness and margin against yielding. The proposed design combines adjustable forming via an iris mechanism with servo-driven cutting to improve process consistency while embedding real-time proximity sensing to enhance occupational safety.
Experimental Flow Visualization of a NACA 4412 Airfoil Equipped with a 60° Forward Wingtip Fence in a Subsonic Wind Tunnel Rasendriya, Firja Zahran; Suyatmo
SAINSTECH NUSANTARA Vol. 2 No. 4 (2025): November 2025
Publisher : Nusantara Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.71225/jstn.v2i4.120

Abstract

Wingtip-induced three-dimensional flow accelerates boundary-layer separation and amplifies vortex-related losses, particularly at low Reynolds numbers. This study experimentally investigates the surface-flow characteristics of a NACA 4412 airfoil equipped with a 60° forward wingtip fence under subsonic conditions. Wind-tunnel experiments were conducted at a freestream velocity of 10 m/s (Re ≈ 2.3 × 10⁴) over angles of attack ranging from 0° to 17°. Oil-flow visualization and tuft visualization were employed to identify laminar–turbulent transition (Xt), separation (Xs), and reattachment (Xr) locations and to qualitatively assess near-surface flow stability. Compared with the baseline airfoil, the 60° forward wingtip fence systematically shifted separation downstream and delayed vortex development in the pre-stall regime. At 10°, the separation point moved from approximately 20 mm (baseline) to 30 mm, while reattachment shifted from 30 mm to 45 mm. Tuft observations indicate that significant vortex formation appeared earlier in the plain configuration (from 12°), whereas the fenced configuration maintained comparatively stable flow up to 12° and exhibited pronounced instability primarily at 15°–17°. The results demonstrate that a 60° forward wingtip fence enhances upper-surface flow stability and postpones separation onset at low Reynolds numbers, providing experimental guidance for compact wingtip-device optimization.
Corrosion Rate and Microstructural Evolution of Aluminum 2024-T3 in Nitric Acid under Various Heat Treatment Conditions Gandhy Priyageng Bhagaskara; Wulansari, Ajeng
SAINSTECH NUSANTARA Vol. 2 No. 4 (2025): November 2025
Publisher : Nusantara Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.71225/jstn.v2i4.122

Abstract

Aluminum alloy 2024-T3 is widely applied in aerospace structures due to its high strength-to-weight ratio, yet its corrosion behavior in aggressive acidic environments requires further optimization. This study evaluates the influence of heat treatment duration at 300 °C on the corrosion rate and microstructural evolution of Aluminum 2024-T3 immersed in 68% nitric acid (HNO₃). Specimens were prepared under four conditions: without heat treatment and with heat treatment for 1, 2, and 3 hours followed by water quenching. Corrosion testing was conducted using the ASTM G31-72 immersion method at exposure times of 168, 336, 504, and 672 hours, and corrosion rates were determined using the weight loss method, complemented by optical microstructural observation. The results indicate a progressive increase in corrosion rate with immersion time for all specimens. Untreated samples exhibited the highest corrosion rate, reaching 480.88 mpy at 672 hours, whereas heat-treated specimens demonstrated reduced corrosion rates, with the lowest value of 365.03 mpy observed in the 1-hour treatment condition, corresponding to an overall reduction of up to 11.70%. Microstructural analysis revealed a transition from dominant pitting corrosion in untreated specimens to intergranular corrosion in heat-treated samples. These findings highlight the role of thermal processing in enhancing corrosion resistance and optimizing service performance in acidic environments.

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