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INDONESIA
Indonesian Journal Health Science and Medicine
Published by Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo
ISSN : -     EISSN : 30638186     DOI : https://doi.org/10.21070/ijhsm
Core Subject : Health,
Health Professions Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health Veterinary
Focus: The Indonesian Journal on Health Science and Medicine (IJHSM) focus to advance the field of health science and medicine by publishing high-quality, peer-reviewed research articles, reviews, and case studies. Our journal serves as a platform for researchers, clinicians, and healthcare professionals to share innovative findings, critical insights, and emerging trends in the broad domain of health science and medicine. Scope: Clinical Research and Practice Studies on the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of diseases. Clinical trials and evidence-based practices. Advances in medical technology and therapeutics. Public Health Epidemiology and health statistics. Health policy and management. Community health initiatives and health education. Biomedical Science Research on cellular and molecular biology. Genetics and genomics. Pharmacology and toxicology. Health Care Systems and Services Health care delivery and management. Quality improvement in health care services. Health economics and health informatics. Global Health Health issues affecting populations worldwide. International health regulations and practices. Global health governance and diplomacy. Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Lifestyle and behavioral interventions. Preventive medicine and early detection. Nutritional science and physical activity. Mental Health Research on mental health disorders and treatments. Psychological well-being and mental health promotion. Integration of mental health services in primary care. Innovations in Health Education and Training Medical and health science education methodologies. Training programs for health professionals. Continuing education and professional development.
Arjuna Subject : Profesi Kesehatan - Profesi Kesehatan (Lain-Lain)
Articles 268 Documents
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Metabolic Improvements From CoQ10 and ALA in PCOS Patients Hussein, Dhirgham Saif Aldean; Kadhim, Sinaa Abdul Amir; Swadi, Asma Abdul Jaleel
Indonesian Journal on Health Science and Medicine Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): Oktober
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/ijhsm.v2i2.197

Abstract

Background: As more women search for natural solutions or prescription medications to manage their symptoms, supplements like Alpha Lipoic Acid and CoQ10 are growing in popularity. Combining these with a personalized plan can lead to better health outcomes and a higher quality of life. Aim of the study: the aim of the current research project is to evaluate the effect of combined administration of metformin, ALA and CoQ10 on PCOS metabolic and fertility parameters. Patients and methods: This clinical trial, which was randomized, single-blind, and actively controlled, took place in Diwaniyah, Iraq, from October 2024 to June 2025. Participants were randomly assigned to three different groups. The random assignment was carried out using computer-generated random numbers. Patients in Group Met. received Glucophage (500 mg; Merck, West Drayton, UK) three times per day; Group Met.+ALA patients were given metformin as in the first group along with ALA (600 mg, Batch no. 6N5483; Holzkrichen, Bavaria, Germany) three times daily; Group Met.+ALA+CoQ10 patients received metformin and ALA as in the second group, along with 200 mg of CoQ10 each day. All treatments were provided over a duration of 12 weeks. Result: Post-treatment, all three forms of management showed significant decline in average free Testosterone, LH and LH:FSH ratio, GnRH anti-body and ovarian volume (p < 0.001); the effect of Met. plus ALA plus CoQ10 was significantly more profound when contrasted to other 2 modes of therapy (p < 0.05). However, none of these treatment approaches was able to affect serum levels of FSH, prolactin and TSH significantly (p > 0.05).Conclusion: The combined use of metformin therapy, CoQ10 supplements and ALA supplements is associated with the most optimum hormonal and ultrasound characteristic in PCOS women by reducing the pathogenic effect of anti GnRHR antibody level. Highlights: Combined Metformin, ALA, and CoQ10 improved hormonal and ultrasound parameters in PCOS. Significant reductions were observed in LH, free testosterone, LH:FSH ratio, and ovarian volume. No significant changes were found in FSH, prolactin, or TSH levels. Keywords: Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, Metformin, Alpha Lipoic Acid, Co-Enzyme Q10
Impact of Different Ovarian Stimulation Protocols on Thyroid Hormone Levels: A Prospective Cohort Study: Dampak dari Protokol Stimulasi Ovarium yang Berbeda terhadap Kadar Hormon Tiroid: Sebuah Studi Kohort Prospektif Al-Azzawi, Buthainah
Indonesian Journal on Health Science and Medicine Vol. 2 No. 1 (2025): July
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

Background: Ovarian stimulation is pivotal in assisted reproductive technologies, yet its systemic hormonal effects—particularly on thyroid function—remain underexplored. Specific Background: Estrogen-induced increases in thyroxine-binding globulin and the structural mimicry between hCG and TSH suggest a complex thyroid-ovarian interaction. Knowledge Gap: Prior studies yield conflicting evidence on thyroid hormone alterations during stimulation, with limited attention to regimen-specific effects and longitudinal dynamics in thyroid-naïve women. Aim: This study investigates the temporal impact of distinct ovarian stimulation protocols—Clomid, Pergonal, and their combination—on thyroid hormone levels in euthyroid infertile women. Results: A significant elevation in TSH and reduction in T3/T4 was observed as early as month one in the combination group, month two in the Pergonal group, and month three in the Clomid group (P<0.05). Novelty: This study delineates protocol- and time-dependent thyroid disturbances, offering mechanistic clarity on drug-specific endocrine crosstalk. Implications: Findings support tailored thyroid monitoring during ART and propose a stratified approach based on stimulation regimen and exposure duration to prevent potential subclinical hypothyroidism and optimize fertility outcomes.Highlights: Combination therapy (Clomid + Pergonal) caused the earliest and most significant thyroid disruption-elevated TSH and decreased T3/T4 from Month 1. Thyroid dysfunction varied by stimulation protocol: Clomid-only showed delayed effects (Month 3), while Pergonal-only effects began in Month 2. Clinical recommendation: Thyroid monitoring is crucial during ovarian stimulation, especially with combination regimens. Keywords: Ovarian Stimulation, Clomiphene Citrate, Pergonal, Thyroid hormones, Infertility
Acute Phase Reactants and Hematologic Profiles vs Blood Culture in Late Preterm Neonatal Sepsis Naji, Aiub Bassim; Hadi, Ammer Muhssin; Muhssin, Akram Hamdi; Alkhateeb, Dheyaa Aldeen
Indonesian Journal on Health Science and Medicine Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): Oktober
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/ijhsm.v2i2.201

Abstract

Background: Neonatal sepsis involves physical and laboratory findings due to infection within the first 30 days of life, with preterm infants being six times more at risk than term infants due to their immature immune systems and prolonged hospitalization. Sepsis is more common in males and in developing countries. The World Health Organization estimates 5 million neonatal deaths annually, mostly in developing countries. Despite advances in neonatal care, late-onset sepsis remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. Aim: To evaluate the significance of acute phase reactants and hematological findings versus blood culture in diagnosing sepsis in late preterm infants. Method: A cross-sectional study of 70 neonates with suspected sepsis from January 2011 to March 2012 at Babylon Teaching Hospital. Patients were classified as having early or late-onset neonatal sepsis. Tests included blood culture, c-reactive protein, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, white blood cell, platelets, and band cells. Results: Of the 70 patients, 55.7% were male and 44.3% were female. Early sepsis was observed in 40% of patients, and late sepsis in 60%. Blood culture was positive in 25.7% of cases, with 83.3% of these in early sepsis. CRP was positive in 91.4% of patients, including 100% of early sepsis cases and 85.7% of late sepsis cases. Positive band cells were found in 45.7% of cases, with 83.3% of these having positive blood cultures. Abnormal WBC counts (<5000 or >21000) were found in 64.3% of cases. Low platelet counts (<150,000) were observed in 55.7% of patients, with 67.8% in early sepsis and 47.6% in late sepsis. Elevated ESR (>6mm/h) was seen in 91.4% of cases. Conclusion: Blood culture remains the gold standard for diagnosing sepsis, though its accuracy can be affected by antibiotic use. Combining multiple diagnostic tests improves predictive values over single tests. Highlights: Late-onset sepsis remains a major cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality. CRP and ESR showed high positivity, supporting their value in early detection. Blood culture is essential but benefits from combined diagnostic markers. Keywords: Late Preterm Infant, Neonatal Sepsis, Blood Culture, Infant, CRP.
Synthesis, Characterization and Evaluation of Thiourea Derivatives for Cytotoxicity of Breast Cancer KT, Awad; AL-Salman, H. N. K.; Najm, Mazin A.A.
Indonesian Journal on Health Science and Medicine Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): Oktober
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/ijhsm.v2i2.202

Abstract

Background: Breast cancer is the leading cause of death in women worldwide and the second most common cause in the US. Rescovitine a clinical CDK2 inhibitor has been studied as a potential anticancer agent in breast cancer. has a short half-life (2–5 h), necessitating new analogs with improved pharmacokinetics. Objective: To design and synthesize five thiourea derivatives (VIa–VIe) that mimic rescovitine selectivity and low toxicity, while addressing its pharmacokinetic limitations. Evaluation the cytotoxicity in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Materials & Methods: Derivatives were synthesized by reacting substituted benzoic acids with SOCl2, followed by the formation of isothiocyanates (IIa–e). Subsequent reflux with 5-amino-1H-pyrazole-4-carbonitrile yielded the thioureas VIa–VIe. Characterization: Melting points, NMR (¹H/¹³C), FT-IR spectroscopy, and EI-MS. antiproliferative activity against MCF-7 cell (MTT assay, IC₅₀), compared to rescovitine. Results: VIa and VIe showed best MCF-7 inhibition (93.77%, IC₅₀ = 123.64 μM; 94.55%, IC₅₀ = 118.49μM) vs. rescovitine (97.33%, IC₅₀ = 20.27μM). VIe (4-F substituent) and VIa (unsubstituted) exhibited strongest cytotoxicity against. All compounds complied with Lipinski’s Rule of Five (0 violations) and showed excellent GI absorption but no BBB permeability. Electronic substituents (e.g., F in VIe) enhanced the activity, while steric groups (e.g., CH₃ in VIb) reduced the efficacy. Conclusion: VIa and VIe emerged as lead candidates with cytotoxicity comparable to that of rescovitine. Fluorine substitution (VIe) optimized the activity, highlighting structure-activity relationships for future to get more potent molecules. Highlights: Lead Compounds Identified: VIa and VIe demonstrated strong antiproliferative activity in MCF-7 cells, approaching that of rescovitine, despite higher IC₅₀ values. Structure-Activity Relationship (SAR): Electron-withdrawing substituents like fluorine (VIe) enhanced cytotoxicity, while bulky groups reduced efficacy. Pharmacokinetics Advantage: All synthesized compounds complied with Lipinski’s Rule and exhibited excellent GI absorption—supporting their potential as orally available anticancer agents. Keyword: MCF-7 Inhibition, Thiourea Derivatives, Rescovitine, Anticancer Agents, .
Synthesis, Characterization, and Anti-oxidant Evaluation of Novel Coumarin–Pyrazoline Derivatives: Sintesis, Karakterisasi, dan Evaluasi Antioksidan Derivatif Kumarin–Pirazolin Baru Mohan, Ahmed Kadhim; Raheem, Leaqaa Abdulredha; Suwaid, Maan Abdul-Razzaq
Indonesian Journal on Health Science and Medicine Vol. 2 No. 1 (2025): July
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/ijhsm.v2i1.203

Abstract

General Background: Oxidative stress is a major contributor to the pathogenesis of chronic diseases such as cancer and cardiovascular disorders. Specific Background: Coumarin and pyrazoline derivatives are known for their pharmacological activities, particularly their antioxidant potential. Knowledge Gap: However, limited studies have explored the synthesis and evaluation of coumarin–pyrazoline hybrids as potent free radical scavengers. Aims: This study aimed to synthesize and characterize novel coumarin–pyrazoline derivatives and evaluate their antioxidant activity using the DPPH assay. Results: Six new compounds were synthesized and structurally confirmed by ¹H-NMR, ¹³C-NMR, and mass spectrometry. Compounds 2 and 5 exhibited superior antioxidant activity compared to ascorbic acid, with IC₅₀ values of 18.3 μM and 19.7 μM, respectively, versus 23.9 μM for ascorbic acid. Novelty: The enhanced activity was attributed to specific functional groups: the methoxy group in compound 2 and the dimethylamino group in compound 5. Implications: These findings support the potential of coumarin–pyrazoline hybrids as promising antioxidant agents and lay the groundwork for future therapeutic development targeting oxidative stress-related conditions.Highlight : Coumarin–pyrazoline compounds 2 and 5 showed stronger antioxidant activity than ascorbic acid. Structures were confirmed through ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR, and mass spectrometry. Antioxidant efficiency is linked to specific functional groups like OCH₃ and N(CH₃)₂ Keywords : Anti-oxidant activity, Coumarin, DPPH assay, Pyrazoline, IC50
Training Programs for Paramedics’ First Aid Competence in Traffic Accidents: Program Pelatihan untuk Kemampuan Pertolongan Pertama Paramedis dalam Kecelakaan Lalu Lintas Sadoon, Hajar Haider
Indonesian Journal on Health Science and Medicine Vol. 2 No. 1 (2025): July
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/ijhsm.v2i2.204

Abstract

General Background: Road traffic accidents are a major cause of global mortality and disability. Specific Background: Limited prehospital care and inadequate paramedic skills worsen trauma outcomes, particularly in Iraq and similar regions. Knowledge Gap: Evidence on the effectiveness of structured training programs for paramedics in first aid procedures is fragmented. Aim: This review critically appraises studies from 2014–2024 evaluating training programs to enhance paramedics’ competencies in managing road traffic injuries. Results: From 17,000 records, 7 high-quality studies were included, covering cardiopulmonary resuscitation, bleeding control, aeromedical evacuation, tactical combat casualty care, and trauma management. Most programs showed significant improvements in knowledge and skills, with simulation-based and video-assisted training being most effective. Novelty: This is the first synthesis focused on paramedics’ first aid training for road accidents in Iraq and comparable settings. Implications: Ongoing, evidence-based training programs are essential to reduce preventable deaths and improve emergency response capacity.Highlight : Highlights the impact of training programs on improving paramedics’ first aid skills. Emphasizes the role of continued education in reducing mortality and disabilities. Identifies effective teaching methods like simulation and video-assisted learning. Keywords : First Aid, Pre-hospital Care, Training Programs, Road Traffic Accidents, Paramedics' Competencies
Prevalence of THRB Gene Mutations in Misan Province Thyroidism Patients: Prevalensi Mutasi Gen THRB pada Pasien Tiroid di Provinsi Misan Al-Taie, Duha T.; Jumaa, Zahr'aa Kateb; Husain, Rehal Jehad; Rahi, Eman H.
Indonesian Journal on Health Science and Medicine Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): Oktober
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/ijhsm.v2i1.205

Abstract

General Background: Thyroid disorders such as hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism are common endocrine abnormalities characterized by disrupted levels of triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). Specific Background: Mutations in the thyroid hormone receptor beta (THRB) gene are implicated in thyroid hormone resistance syndromes and potentially in other thyroid dysfunctions. Knowledge Gap: However, there is limited data regarding the prevalence of THRB gene mutations among thyroid disorder patients in Misan Province, Iraq. Aims: This study aimed to evaluate the presence of THRB gene mutations among women diagnosed with thyroid disorders and assess corresponding hormonal variations across age groups. Results: Hormonal analysis revealed significant deviations in FT3, FT4, and TSH levels in both hypothyroid and hyperthyroid patients across multiple age groups. Molecular analysis, however, did not detect any pathogenic mutations in the THRB gene. Novelty: Despite the identification of several unique haplotypes among patients, none corresponded to known pathogenic mutations, suggesting possible population-specific genetic profiles without direct impact on receptor function. Implications: These findings underscore the need for broader genetic screening beyond THRB in diagnosing thyroid disorders and highlight the limited role of THRB mutations in the pathogenesis of thyroid dysfunction in this regional cohort.Highlight : No mutations were found in the THRB gene in patients with hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism. Hormone analysis showed significant differences in FT3, FT4, and TSH levels between age groups. There were ten varying THRB gene haplotypes, but no mutations were detected. Keywords : Thyroid disorders, Thyroid hormone, TRHB gene, Novel mutation, Hyperthyroidism
Distraction Using Virtual Reality Reduces Pain and Anxiety After PCI: Penggunaan Realitas Virtual untuk Mengalihkan Perhatian Mengurangi Nyeri dan Kecemasan Setelah PCI Shutnan, Ali Hassan Ibrahim; Athbi, Hassan Abdullah
Indonesian Journal on Health Science and Medicine Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): Oktober
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/ijhsm.v2i2.206

Abstract

Background: Cardiovascular diseases remain the leading cause of death globally, with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) being a common treatment modality. However, post-PCI patients frequently experience significant pain and anxiety. Specific Background: Conventional pain management strategies are often pharmacological and may involve adverse effects, prompting exploration of non-invasive alternatives like virtual reality (VR). Knowledge Gap: Although VR has been explored in various medical contexts, its efficacy in post-PCI recovery remains under-researched. Aims: This randomized clinical trial aimed to evaluate the effect of VR-based distraction on pain and anxiety levels in post-PCI patients. Results: A total of 144 patients were divided equally into intervention and control groups. The VR group, exposed to 3D natural scenes with soothing music, showed significantly lower mean pain (29.60 vs. 57.97) and anxiety scores (2.90 vs. 5.15) than the control group (p < 0.001 for both). Novelty: This study provides robust clinical evidence that immersive VR distraction can be an effective adjunct to standard post-PCI care. Implications: Integrating VR into post-PCI protocols may enhance patient comfort, reduce reliance on medication, and improve recovery experiences without added clinical risk.Highlight : Virtual reality effectively reduces pain and anxiety levels after PCI. There was a significant difference between the intervention and control groups. This distraction technique is non-invasive and easy to apply clinically. Keywords : Virtual Reality, Anxiety, Pain, Percutaneous Coronary Intervention, Distraction Technique
Investigating Role of IL-39, IL-37 and Some Biochemical Parameters in Patients with Acute Interstitial Nephritis Sayer, Sarah A
Indonesian Journal on Health Science and Medicine Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): Oktober
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/ijhsm.v2i2.207

Abstract

Background: Acute interstitial nephritis causes blood flow to be impaired, this ultimately leads to inflammation and edema in the renal tubules and tissues, this decreases the glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Early detection and treatment of the disease can mitigate the progression of renal failure. To investigate the potential for IL-39 and IL-37 to be used in the diagnosis of acute interstitial nephritis, this study sought to measure the levels ofinflammatory markers, interstitial nephritis, and antioxidant agents in patients with acute interstitial nephritis using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) graphs.Methods: The investigation had 25 patients and 25 controls that were between the ages of 40 and 65 during the years 2023 and 2024.Results: The outcomes demonstrated that the concentrations of urea, creatinine, C-reactive protein (CRP), IL-39, IL-37, and MDA in the patient's blood were significantly greater than those in the control's. However, the concentrations of albumin, GSH, and SOD in the blood of the patients were significantly lower than those of the controls. Additionally, the ROC curve demonstrated that the concentrations of MDA,TNF-α,GSH,SOD,IL-39, and IL-37 were effective at differentiating patients with acute tubular necrosis from healthy individuals. Overall, inflammation has been linked to increased oxidative stress, the release of proinflammatory cytokines, and the development of an inflammation state. As a result, understanding the total disease burden and adding extra criteria will facilitate the early detection or preemptive risk assessment for each patient. This will facilitate future investigations of the pathophysiology of diseases in diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment. Highlight IL-39 and IL-37 show strong diagnostic potential for acute interstitial nephritis. Patients exhibited higher inflammation and oxidative stress markers, with reduced antioxidant levels. ROC analysis confirmed several biomarkers as effective differentiators from healthy controls. Keywords: Acute Interstitial Nephritis, IL-39, IL-37, Oxidative Stress, ROC Curve
GAS Detector sensor of Biology System Majali, Alaa Abdul-Hussein
Indonesian Journal on Health Science and Medicine Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): Oktober
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/ijhsm.v2i2.208

Abstract

Background: We discuss advances in bioimaging technologies and gas-phase molecular biosensors. These technologies selectively detect volatile biochemicals using the high resolution of biorecognition elements. Methods: Gas-phase biosensors employ enzymes as recognition components. These devices produce luminescent molecules and other detectable products through redox reactions of volatile biochemicals. Results: Biosensors utilizing other biorecognition elements, including molecularly imprinted polymers, olfactory receptors, cells, and antibodies, are demonstrated. When used in combination with optical, electrochemical, and liquid biorecognition components, biosensors exhibit a unique and powerful property: they are insensitive to humidity. This important feature enables biosensors to detect volatile biochemicals in the breath and other humid environments. The use of imaging technologies and improvements in recording the spatiotemporal distribution of volatile biochemicals with improved continuity are also discussed. Aims: These new techniques are expected to be used to monitor environmental volatile biochemicals with high resolution and identify the hitherto undiscovered relationship between health and spatial and temporal fluctuations in volatile biochemicals in skin or breath gas. Highlights: A gas detector sensor is used for the biology system to detect the presence of certain gases in the surrounding environment. Used as part of a safety system to detect leaks of hazardous or flammable gases. These sensors work by sensing changes in the concentration of gases in the air and alerting when a certain level is exceeded. Keywords: Bioimaging Technologies, Gas-Phase Biosensors, Volatile Biochemicals, Biorecognition Elements, Humidity Insensitivity

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