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INDONESIA
Indonesian Journal Health Science and Medicine
Published by Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo
ISSN : -     EISSN : 30638186     DOI : https://doi.org/10.21070/ijhsm
Core Subject : Health,
Health Professions Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health Veterinary
Focus: The Indonesian Journal on Health Science and Medicine (IJHSM) focus to advance the field of health science and medicine by publishing high-quality, peer-reviewed research articles, reviews, and case studies. Our journal serves as a platform for researchers, clinicians, and healthcare professionals to share innovative findings, critical insights, and emerging trends in the broad domain of health science and medicine. Scope: Clinical Research and Practice Studies on the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of diseases. Clinical trials and evidence-based practices. Advances in medical technology and therapeutics. Public Health Epidemiology and health statistics. Health policy and management. Community health initiatives and health education. Biomedical Science Research on cellular and molecular biology. Genetics and genomics. Pharmacology and toxicology. Health Care Systems and Services Health care delivery and management. Quality improvement in health care services. Health economics and health informatics. Global Health Health issues affecting populations worldwide. International health regulations and practices. Global health governance and diplomacy. Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Lifestyle and behavioral interventions. Preventive medicine and early detection. Nutritional science and physical activity. Mental Health Research on mental health disorders and treatments. Psychological well-being and mental health promotion. Integration of mental health services in primary care. Innovations in Health Education and Training Medical and health science education methodologies. Training programs for health professionals. Continuing education and professional development.
Arjuna Subject : Profesi Kesehatan - Profesi Kesehatan (Lain-Lain)
Articles 332 Documents
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Association of Age with Metabolic Biomarkers and Insulin Resistance in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes in Basrah, Iraq Mohammed Adil Abdulhassan; Shurok Namah khudair; Khairallah A.S Mohammed; Abdulaziz Qadori Abdulsada
Indonesian Journal on Health Science and Medicine Vol. 3 No. 1 (2026): July
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

General Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is an age-related metabolic disorder characterized by progressive metabolic deterioration. Specific Background: Orexin-A and cathepsin-D have been implicated in hypothalamic regulation and cellular quality control, yet their age-related alterations in T2DM remain insufficiently characterized. Knowledge Gap: The interplay between aging, hypothalamic dysfunction, and cellular stress markers in relation to insulin resistance has not been comprehensively explored. Aims: This study investigated age-associated changes in orexin-A and cathepsin-D and their correlations with insulin resistance in T2DM patients. Results: A cross-sectional analysis of 110 T2DM patients and 70 controls revealed a significant age-related decline in orexin-A levels (69% reduction, p=0.001) and an increase in cathepsin-D levels (p=0.005). Orexin-A showed a negative correlation with insulin resistance (r = -0.26, p = 0.005), whereas age and cathepsin-D were positively correlated with HOMA-IR. Traditional metabolic markers, including HbA1c, triglycerides, and LDL, worsened with age. Regression analysis identified age, BMI, and cathepsin-D as positive predictors, while orexin-A was a negative predictor of insulin resistance. Novelty: This study identifies a previously unreported relationship between declining orexin-A and increasing cathepsin-D levels as age progresses in T2DM. Implications: These findings highlight the relevance of age-specific metabolic pathways and suggest the need for tailored therapeutic approaches in older diabetic populations. Highlights:• Progressive reduction of orexin-A observed across advancing age groups• Increasing cathepsin-D levels linked to worsening metabolic profiles• Age and biomarker patterns associated with higher insulin resistance Keywords: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Aging, Orexin-A, Cathepsin-D, Insulin Resistance
VKORC1 –1639G>A (rs9923231) Polymorphism and Warfarin Dose Variability in Iraqi Patients with Hematological Disorders: A Pharmacogenetic Case-Control Study: Polimorfisme VKORC1 –1639G>A (rs9923231) dan Variabilitas Dosis Warfarin pada Pasien Irak dengan Gangguan Hematologi: Sebuah Studi Kasus-Kontrol Farmakogenetik Esraa S. Al-Fatlawey
Indonesian Journal on Health Science and Medicine Vol. 3 No. 1 (2026): July
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/ijhsm.v3i1.447

Abstract

General Background: Warfarin therapy for thrombotic hematological disorders is complicated by substantial inter-individual dose variability. Specific Background: The VKORC1 –1639G>A polymorphism is a major genetic determinant of warfarin sensitivity, yet Middle Eastern populations remain underrepresented in pharmacogenetic research. Knowledge Gap: There is limited evidence regarding VKORC1 allele distribution and its clinical relevance in Iraqi patients with hematological conditions. Aims: This study aimed to determine VKORC1 genotype frequencies and evaluate their association with warfarin dose, therapeutic control, and predictive modeling. Results: The AA genotype was associated with significantly reduced warfarin dose requirements compared to GG carriers, and VKORC1 explained 31.2% of dose variability. A multi-locus model incorporating additional genetic and clinical variables increased predictive accuracy to 61.3%. Novelty: This study provides the first comprehensive pharmacogenetic characterization of VKORC1 in an Iraqi hematological cohort, integrating cytokine gene variants into dosing models. Implications: These findings support population-specific dosing strategies and highlight the clinical relevance of genotype-guided anticoagulation in Middle Eastern healthcare settings. Keywords: Vkorc1 Polymorphism, Warfarin Dosing, Pharmacogenetics, Hematological Disorders, Iraqi Population Key Findings Highlights Genetic variation strongly differentiates dose requirements among patient groups Combined genetic markers substantially improve predictive modeling accuracy Regional allele distribution reveals distinct population-specific patterns
The Influence of Slimming Products on Women's Sex Hormones, Oxidative Stress, and Immune Systems in Diwaniyah City.: Pengaruh Produk Pelangsing terhadap Hormon Seksual, Stres Oksidatif, dan Sistem Kekebalan Tubuh Wanita di Kota Diwaniyah. Hussein, Meaad Nasser
Indonesian Journal on Health Science and Medicine Vol. 3 No. 1 (2026): July
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/ijhsm.v3i1.448

Abstract

General Background The use of fat burner supplements has increased alongside concerns about metabolic and physiological risks. Specific Background This study examines biochemical and hormonal responses associated with fat burner compounds, particularly focusing on oxidative stress and inflammatory markers. Knowledge Gap Limited research has integrated oxidative stress biomarkers with hormonal and inflammatory responses in the context of fat burner exposure. Aims This study aims to analyze the relationship between fat burner use, oxidative stress indicators, and hormonal changes. Results The findings indicate alterations in oxidative markers, inflammatory cytokines, and lipid metabolism, suggesting a complex physiological response linked to supplement use. Novelty The study provides a combined evaluation of oxidative stress, hormonal activity, and inflammatory biomarkers within a single analytical framework. Implications The results highlight potential health risks and provide a basis for further clinical and biochemical investigations into supplement-related metabolic changes. Keywords: Oxidative Stress, Fat Burners, Biomarkers, Inflammation, Metabolic Changes Key Findings Highlights Altered antioxidant and oxidant balance observed in subjects Cytokine activity associated with metabolic disturbance Hormonal variation linked to physiological stress responses
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis an Updating Review of Epidemiology, Diagnosis and Control Aboud , Rabia Ali
Indonesian Journal on Health Science and Medicine Vol. 3 No. 1 (2026): July
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/ijhsm.v3i1.449

Abstract

General Background: Cutaneous leishmaniasis is a neglected tropical disease caused by dermotropic Leishmania species transmitted by sand flies, with a significant global burden. Specific Background: The disease shows diverse clinical manifestations and complex transmission patterns influenced by ecological, immunological, and socioeconomic factors. Knowledge Gap: Despite advances in understanding parasite biology and diagnostic tools, challenges remain in early detection, treatment variability, and access to healthcare in endemic regions. Aims: This review summarizes epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment, and control strategies of cutaneous leishmaniasis while highlighting key gaps. Results: Findings indicate that disease distribution is shaped by environmental changes, host immune responses determine clinical outcomes, and molecular diagnostics such as PCR provide high sensitivity. Treatment remains limited by toxicity, resistance, and accessibility issues. Novelty: The article integrates multiple dimensions of the disease and emphasizes the relevance of a One Health approach linking human, animal, and environmental health. Implications: Strengthening diagnostic capacity, improving therapeutic strategies, and implementing integrated control measures are essential to reduce disease burden and improve patient outcomes. Keywords: Cutaneous Leishmaniasis, Epidemiology, Diagnosis, Treatment, Vector Control Key Findings Highlights Global transmission patterns are shaped by ecological and socio-environmental changes Immune response dynamics determine disease progression and lesion outcomes Diagnostic and therapeutic limitations remain major barriers in endemic regions
Impact of Smoking on Adalimumab Response and Biomarkers in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Dampak Merokok terhadap Respons Adalimumab dan Biomarker pada Pasien Artritis Reumatoid Abed, Ghasaq Kareem; Swadi, Asma Abdul Jaleel
Indonesian Journal on Health Science and Medicine Vol. 3 No. 1 (2026): July
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/ijhsm.v3i1.454

Abstract

General Background: Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by persistent inflammation and joint destruction. Specific Background: Adalimumab, a TNF-α inhibitor, is widely used, yet variability in treatment response remains a challenge. Knowledge Gap: The combined relationship between smoking and key biomarkers including TNF-α, IL-6, and MMP-3 in patients receiving adalimumab has not been fully clarified. Aims: This study evaluates the association between smoking status, clinical response, and serum biomarker levels in rheumatoid arthritis patients treated with adalimumab. Results: A cross-sectional study of 75 patients and 55 controls showed that smoking prevalence was higher among non-responders, with significantly elevated TNF-α, IL-6, and MMP-3 levels and positive correlations with smoking. Novelty: The study simultaneously examines inflammatory and structural biomarkers in relation to smoking and treatment response. Implications: These findings highlight the role of smoking in persistent inflammation and suggest the relevance of MMP-3 as a biomarker for monitoring therapeutic response in clinical practice. Keywords: Rheumatoid Arthritis, Adalimumab, Smoking, Biomarkers, Inflammation Key Findings Highlights Higher cytokine and enzyme levels identified in non-responder group Significant correlation observed between tobacco exposure and inflammatory markers Distinct biomarker patterns differentiate clinical outcome groups
Comparative Study of Duodenal Histology in Three Type of Birds and Two Different Rations Khalaf, Israa Badi
Indonesian Journal on Health Science and Medicine Vol. 3 No. 1 (2026): July
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/ijhsm.v3i1.456

Abstract

General Background: The avian duodenum is the primary site of enzymatic digestion and nutrient absorption, and its morphology reflects dietary specialization and metabolic demands. Specific Background: Passerine birds such as the Canary (Serinus canaria), Zebra Finch (Taeniopygia guttata), and White-eared Bulbul (Pycnonotus leucotis) exhibit distinct feeding habits, including granivory and frugivory/insectivory, which may be associated with differences in duodenal microarchitecture. Knowledge Gap: Comparative histomorphological data on the duodenum of these small passerines remain limited. Aims: This study aimed to compare the gross morphology, histological organization, and morphometric characteristics of the duodenum in the three species. Results: In all species, the duodenum formed a characteristic U-shaped loop surrounding the pancreas and consisted of four tunicae: mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, and serosa. The muscularis mucosa was absent in all birds. The White-eared Bulbul showed the greatest mucosal thickness and the highest goblet cell ratio (33.1%), whereas the Canary exhibited the longest villi and the thickest tunica muscularis. The Zebra Finch had the lowest mucosal thickness and shortest villi. Crypt depth was greatest in the Bulbul and Zebra Finch. Novelty: This study demonstrates species-specific duodenal histological patterns linked to contrasting dietary strategies in three passerine birds. Implications: These findings provide baseline anatomical and histological data that improve understanding of digestive adaptation and support future comparative and veterinary investigations in avian species. Highlights: • All species exhibited a U-shaped duodenal loop enclosing the pancreas and lacked muscularis mucosa.• White-eared Bulbul had the highest goblet cell proportion and greatest mucosal thickness.• Canary showed the longest villi and the thickest tunica muscularis among the examined birds. Keywords: Avian Duodenum, Comparative Histology, Passerine Birds, Goblet Cells, Digestive Adaptation  
Incidence of Acute Ischemic Stroke in Patients With Anti-Platelet Treatment Shabaa, Ahmed S.; Al-saffar, Hasanain A.; Alghazali, Abdullah M.; Mohammed, FAWATIM ALI; Ali, Mariam Abdulrazzaq; Lftah, Mohammed mohanad; Fahad , Mariam ALI
Indonesian Journal on Health Science and Medicine Vol. 3 No. 1 (2026): July
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/ijhsm.v3i1.458

Abstract

General Background: Acute ischemic stroke remains a leading cause of mortality and long-term disability worldwide, and antiplatelet therapy is a central strategy for primary and secondary prevention of thrombotic cerebrovascular events. Specific Background: Aspirin and clopidogrel are widely prescribed to reduce platelet aggregation; however, ischemic stroke may still occur despite continued treatment. Knowledge Gap: Data from Al-Muthanna City regarding the incidence of acute ischemic stroke among patients receiving antiplatelet therapy and their associated clinical characteristics are limited. Aims: This study aimed to determine the incidence of acute ischemic stroke in patients receiving antiplatelet therapy and to describe related demographic, anatomical, and treatment characteristics. Results: In this cross-sectional study of 102 patients admitted to Al-Hussain Teaching Hospital between September 2025 and March 2026, the mean age was 67.14 ± 7.80 years, and males constituted the majority of cases. Hypertension was the most common comorbidity. Aspirin was the predominant antiplatelet agent (70.5%), followed by clopidogrel (29.5%). Most patients reported regular medication use (84.3%), and 72.5% had received therapy for more than one year. Stroke lesions were most frequently located in the frontal and parietal lobes. Bleeding complications were uncommon and generally mild. Novelty: This study provides regional evidence that acute ischemic stroke occurs despite sustained antiplatelet therapy and good adherence. Implications: The findings support individualized risk assessment, continuous monitoring, and consideration of adjunctive preventive strategies in high-risk patients. Highlights: • Acute ischemic stroke was documented in patients receiving long-term antiplatelet treatment.• Aspirin was the most frequently prescribed agent, with high reported adherence.• Frontal and parietal lobes were the most common sites, and bleeding events were infrequent. Keywords: Acute Ischemic Stroke, Antiplatelet Therapy, Aspirin, Clopidogrel, Stroke Prevention
Impact of Iron Deficiency Anemia on the Occurrence of Febrile Seizures in Pediatrics AbdulHassan, Safa’a Dakhel
Indonesian Journal on Health Science and Medicine Vol. 3 No. 1 (2026): July
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/ijhsm.v3i1.459

Abstract

General Background: Febrile seizures are the most common neurological disorder in children, and iron deficiency anemia is the most prevalent nutritional deficiency worldwide. Specific Background: Iron is essential for oxygen transport, brain metabolism, and neurotransmitter synthesis, and low iron status may reduce the seizure threshold in young children. Knowledge Gap: Previous studies have reported inconsistent findings regarding the relationship between iron deficiency anemia and febrile seizures. Aims: This study investigated the prevalence of iron deficiency anemia among children with febrile seizures and examined the association between iron deficiency anemia and febrile seizure occurrence. Results: A case-control study was conducted among 336 pediatric patients. Iron deficiency anemia was identified in 42.9% of participants, while 32.1% experienced febrile seizures. Among children with iron deficiency anemia, 41.7% had febrile seizures compared with 25.0% of those without anemia. The association was statistically significant (p = 0.032), and the odds ratio of 2.14 indicated that children with iron deficiency anemia were more than twice as likely to develop febrile seizures. The highest frequency of febrile seizures occurred in children aged 12–36 months, and lower hemoglobin and ferritin levels were observed in the febrile seizure group. Novelty: This study provides additional evidence from pediatric patients in Diwaniyah City supporting iron deficiency anemia as a significant and modifiable risk factor for febrile seizures. Implications: Routine screening and early treatment of iron deficiency anemia may help reduce the occurrence of febrile seizures in children. Highlights: • Children with iron deficiency anemia had a twofold higher likelihood of febrile seizures.• The 12–36 month age group showed the highest proportion of seizure cases.• Lower hemoglobin and ferritin levels were observed among affected pediatric patients. Keywords: Iron Deficiency Anemia, Febrile Seizures, Pediatric Patients, Hemoglobin, Ferritin        
Identification of mecA Gene in Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Using Molecular Method from Clinically Isolated Samples in Babylon Province, Iraq Alkhazraji, Enas k.; Al-Rammahi, Ameer Abood Karim
Indonesian Journal on Health Science and Medicine Vol. 3 No. 1 (2026): July
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/ijhsm.v3i1.461

Abstract

General Background: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a significant cause of hospital- and community-acquired infections due to its antibiotic resistance. Specific Background: Molecular diagnosis using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is widely used to identify MRSA strains carrying the mecA gene. Knowledge Gap: Data on mecA-positive MRSA isolates and antibiotic resistance patterns in Babylon Governorate, Iraq, remain limited. Aims: This study aimed to isolate and identify MRSA from clinical samples and evaluate antibiotic susceptibility patterns. Results: Among 100 clinical samples, 60% were positive for Staphylococcus aureus, and 58.3% of the isolates were confirmed as MRSA by mecA gene detection. Wound and pus samples showed the highest MRSA prevalence. The isolates exhibited high resistance to penicillin, methicillin, and erythromycin, while vancomycin and linezolid showed high sensitivity rates. Novelty: The study combines molecular detection of mecA-positive MRSA with antibiotic susceptibility profiling in clinical isolates from Babylon hospitals. Implications: The findings support the use of PCR-based diagnosis, antibiotic stewardship, and infection control programs to reduce the spread of resistant bacterial strains. Highlights: • Molecular PCR analysis confirmed mecA-positive MRSA strains in more than half of the Staphylococcus aureus isolates.• Wound and pus specimens represented the primary clinical source of resistant bacterial isolates.• Vancomycin and linezolid demonstrated high susceptibility rates against multidrug-resistant strains. Keywords: Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus, mecA Gene, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Antibiotic Resistance; Clinical Isolates,  
Evaluation Of Risk Factors and Clinical Outcome Of Accidental Gall Bladder Perforation During Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy. Safa Hassan Hadi; Rabeea Hamad Qasim; Abdullah M. Hasan; Haider Kadhem Saeed
Indonesian Journal on Health Science and Medicine Vol. 3 No. 1 (2026): July
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/ijhsm.v3i1.460

Abstract

General Background: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is the gold standard procedure for symptomatic gallstone disease, yet accidental gallbladder perforation remains a frequent intraoperative complication associated with bile and gallstone spillage. Specific Background: Previous studies discussing the postoperative consequences of gallbladder perforation during laparoscopic cholecystectomy have reported inconsistent findings regarding operative and clinical outcomes. Knowledge Gap: Limited evidence has comprehensively evaluated both the predisposing risk factors and postoperative outcomes of accidental intraoperative gallbladder perforation in elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Aims: This study aimed to investigate the risk factors and clinical outcomes associated with accidental gallbladder perforation during laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Results: A prospective comparative observational study involving 210 patients identified that older age, male gender, higher body mass index, diabetes mellitus, ischemic heart disease, previous abdominal surgery, and acute-on-chronic cholecystitis were significantly associated with gallbladder perforation. Most perforations occurred during separation from the liver bed (75%). Patients with perforation experienced higher rates of postoperative ileus, prolonged operative time, prolonged hospital stay, port-site infection, and intra-abdominal abscess. Novelty: This study provides a comparative clinical evaluation integrating demographic characteristics, medical history, operative findings, and postoperative complications related to accidental gallbladder perforation during laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Implications: The findings emphasize the importance of identifying high-risk patients and applying meticulous surgical techniques to reduce perforation-related morbidity, prolonged hospitalization, postoperative infection, and increased healthcare burden. Highlights: • Older age, male gender, obesity, diabetes mellitus, and previous abdominal surgery were major predictors of intraoperative gallbladder perforation.• Separation of the gallbladder from the liver bed represented the most frequent stage of perforation occurrence during surgery.• Accidental perforation was associated with ileus, longer operative duration, extended hospitalization, and higher postoperative infection rates. Keywords: Acute Cholecystitis, Gallbladder Perforation, Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy, Postoperative Complications; Surgical Risk Factors      

Page 32 of 34 | Total Record : 332

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