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INDONESIA
Indonesian Journal Health Science and Medicine
Published by Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo
ISSN : -     EISSN : 30638186     DOI : https://doi.org/10.21070/ijhsm
Core Subject : Health,
Health Professions Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health Veterinary
Focus: The Indonesian Journal on Health Science and Medicine (IJHSM) focus to advance the field of health science and medicine by publishing high-quality, peer-reviewed research articles, reviews, and case studies. Our journal serves as a platform for researchers, clinicians, and healthcare professionals to share innovative findings, critical insights, and emerging trends in the broad domain of health science and medicine. Scope: Clinical Research and Practice Studies on the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of diseases. Clinical trials and evidence-based practices. Advances in medical technology and therapeutics. Public Health Epidemiology and health statistics. Health policy and management. Community health initiatives and health education. Biomedical Science Research on cellular and molecular biology. Genetics and genomics. Pharmacology and toxicology. Health Care Systems and Services Health care delivery and management. Quality improvement in health care services. Health economics and health informatics. Global Health Health issues affecting populations worldwide. International health regulations and practices. Global health governance and diplomacy. Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Lifestyle and behavioral interventions. Preventive medicine and early detection. Nutritional science and physical activity. Mental Health Research on mental health disorders and treatments. Psychological well-being and mental health promotion. Integration of mental health services in primary care. Innovations in Health Education and Training Medical and health science education methodologies. Training programs for health professionals. Continuing education and professional development.
Arjuna Subject : Profesi Kesehatan - Profesi Kesehatan (Lain-Lain)
Articles 312 Documents
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Impact of Escherichia coli Infection During Pregnancy on Metabolic, Immunological, and Kidney Health in Postpartum Women Dumooa F. Al-Hameedawi
Indonesian Journal on Health Science and Medicine Vol. 3 No. 1 (2026): July
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/ijhsm.v3i1.435

Abstract

General Background: Pregnancy represents a vulnerable physiological state where bacterial infections, including Escherichia coli, may pose risks to maternal health. Specific Background: While acute outcomes of E. coli infection during pregnancy are documented, its postpartum consequences on metabolic, immunological, and renal systems remain insufficiently explored. Knowledge Gap: Limited evidence exists regarding persistent alterations in metabolic profiles, immune responses, and kidney function following infection during pregnancy. Aims: This study evaluates metabolic, immunological, and renal health in postpartum women 40 days after delivery with prior E. coli infection compared to healthy controls. Results: Women with prior infection showed significantly higher fasting blood glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, blood pressure, inflammatory markers (CRP, IL-6, IL-8), and thyroid autoantibodies, alongside reduced vitamin D and calcium levels. Renal indicators revealed elevated serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen with decreased eGFR. Novelty: This study provides integrated evidence of concurrent metabolic dysregulation, immune activation, and renal impairment in postpartum women following E. coli infection during pregnancy. Implications: These findings highlight the need for postpartum monitoring of metabolic, immunological, and renal parameters to identify potential long-term maternal health complications. Highlights:• Elevated glucose, lipid profiles, and blood pressure observed in affected women• Increased inflammatory cytokines and thyroid autoantibodies indicate immune alterations• Reduced kidney filtration markers suggest persistent renal dysfunction Keywords: Escherichia Coli Infection, Pregnancy, Postpartum Health, Metabolic Dysfunction, Renal Function
α-Glutathione S-Transferase, KIM-1, and Surfactant Protein-A as Predictive Biomarkers of Occupational Toxic Gas Exposure Samar Kadhum Yousif; Hamid Jaddoa Abbas; Ibrahim Ahmed Nassar
Indonesian Journal on Health Science and Medicine Vol. 3 No. 1 (2026): July
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/ijhsm.v3i1.436

Abstract

General Background: Occupational exposure to toxic gases in petroleum industries is associated with subclinical damage to hepatic, renal, and pulmonary systems, necessitating sensitive biomarkers for early detection. Specific Background: α-glutathione S-transferase (α-GST), kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), and surfactant protein-A (SP-A) are proposed indicators of early organ-specific injury related to toxic exposure. Knowledge Gap: Limited studies have evaluated these biomarkers collectively as a predictive panel, particularly in high-risk populations such as petroleum workers in developing regions. Aims: This study assessed the prognostic value of α-GST, KIM-1, and SP-A as early biomarkers of occupational toxic gas exposure. Results: In a case-control study of 130 exposed workers and 56 controls, serum levels of α-GST, KIM-1, and SP-A were significantly higher in exposed individuals (p < 0.01). KIM-1 and SP-A showed increasing trends with longer exposure duration, while α-GST demonstrated site-specific variation. Logistic regression identified all three biomarkers as independent predictors of exposure. Novelty: The study provides integrated evidence supporting a multi-biomarker panel reflecting hepatic detoxification, renal tubular injury, and pulmonary epithelial response in occupational settings. Implications: These findings support the application of α-GST, KIM-1, and SP-A in early detection and occupational health monitoring, enabling improved risk stratification and surveillance in hazardous industrial environments. Highlights:• Elevated biomarker levels distinguish exposed workers from non-exposed controls• Duration-dependent increases observed in renal and pulmonary indicators• Combined biomarker panel predicts multi-organ response to workplace hazards Keywords: Occupational Toxic Gas Exposure, Alpha Glutathione S Transferase, Kidney Injury Molecule 1, Surfactant Protein A, Biomarkers
PCR-Based Identification and Epidemiological Assessment of Entamoeba gingivalis Among Patients With Periodontal Disorders Qahtan Adnan Rasheed Rasheed
Indonesian Journal on Health Science and Medicine Vol. 3 No. 1 (2026): July
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/ijhsm.v3i1.437

Abstract

General Background: Entamoeba gingivalis is an oral protozoan frequently found in dental plaque and periodontal pockets and has been reconsidered for its role in oral pathology. Specific Background: Recent molecular approaches have enabled improved detection of this organism in patients with gingivitis and periodontitis. Knowledge Gap: Despite growing interest, limited data exist comparing conventional microscopy and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for accurate detection and subtype identification in clinical samples. Aims: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of E. gingivalis among periodontal disease patients and to compare the diagnostic performance of microscopy and PCR. Results: Among 120 patients, 7.5% tested positive for E. gingivalis, while 92.5% were negative. PCR confirmed all positive isolates and demonstrated higher sensitivity in detecting low-level infections, with all isolates showing strong genetic similarity to the ST1 subtype. Novelty: This study integrates molecular detection and phylogenetic analysis to confirm subtype distribution in a clinical population. Implications: PCR is recommended as a reliable diagnostic tool for accurate detection and epidemiological assessment of E. gingivalis, supporting improved identification in periodontal disease research and clinical practice. Highlights: • Low detection rate of oral protozoan observed in clinical samples• Molecular method identifies subtype clustering within regional isolates• Diagnostic comparison reveals higher sensitivity of amplification-based testing Keywords: Entamoeba Gingivalis, Periodontal Disease, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Molecular Detection, Phylogenetic Analysis
Evaluation of (Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte Ratio (NLR)) as an Inflammatory Immune Marker in Patients with Acute Infections and Comparison- with Healthy Subjects Entiha Abdul-Zahra Abdul-Kareem
Indonesian Journal on Health Science and Medicine Vol. 3 No. 1 (2026): July
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/ijhsm.v3i1.438

Abstract

General Background: Inflammation is a fundamental biological response in infectious diseases involving alterations in circulating immune cells, particularly neutrophils and lymphocytes. Specific Background: The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), derived from routine complete blood count testing, reflects the balance between innate and adaptive immunity and is increasingly utilized in clinical evaluation. Knowledge Gap: Despite its clinical use, further validation of NLR as a reliable inflammatory immune marker in acute infections compared with healthy individuals remains necessary. Aims: This study aimed to evaluate NLR as an inflammatory immune marker in patients with acute infections and compare findings with healthy controls. Results: The study included 30 patients and 20 controls. Patients demonstrated significantly higher absolute neutrophil count (8.49 ± 1.58 vs. 3.83 ± 0.88), markedly elevated NLR (10.62 ± 3.26 vs. 1.67 ± 0.45), and reduced absolute lymphocyte count (0.86 ± 0.27 vs. 2.37 ± 0.45) (p < 0.001). ROC analysis showed excellent diagnostic performance, with NLR and neutrophil count achieving an AUC of 1.000, and lymphocyte count an AUC of 0.995. Correlation analysis revealed positive association between neutrophils and NLR and negative association between lymphocytes and NLR. Novelty: This study provides integrated statistical and diagnostic validation of NLR using hematological indices and ROC analysis within a defined cohort. Implications: NLR represents a simple, low-cost, and accessible biomarker for assessing inflammatory and immune responses in acute infections and may support clinical evaluation and disease monitoring. Highlights:• Marked Elevation of Neutrophils Alongside Reduced Lymphocytes Identified in Infected Individuals• Diagnostic Analysis Demonstrated Near-Perfect Classification Accuracy Between Groups• Correlation Patterns Confirmed Ratio Structure Driven by Opposing Hematological Components Keywords: Neutrophil Lymphocyte Ratio, Acute Infection, Inflammatory Marker, Complete Blood Count, Biomarker
Gram-Negative Challenges: Assessing the Decline in Carbapenem Sensitivity Among Klebsiella Pneumoniae Isolates Rasool Chaloob Hulyal
Indonesian Journal on Health Science and Medicine Vol. 3 No. 1 (2026): July
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/ijhsm.v3i1.439

Abstract

General Background: Antimicrobial resistance represents a critical global health challenge, particularly among Gram-negative pathogens such as Klebsiella pneumoniae. Specific Background: Carbapenems have served as last-resort therapies for multidrug-resistant infections; however, increasing resistance among K. pneumoniae threatens their clinical utility. Knowledge Gap: Longitudinal epidemiological evidence describing temporal susceptibility trends and associated clinical factors remains underexplored. Aims: This study evaluates temporal changes in carbapenem susceptibility among K. pneumoniae clinical isolates using cumulative antibiogram surveillance. Results: A retrospective analysis of 512 isolates (July 2024–September 2025) demonstrated a marked decline in susceptibility to imipenem (92% to 78%) and meropenem (93% to 82%), with significant reductions between early and late periods (p < 0.05; p < 0.01). Resistance rates increased alongside higher prevalence of carbapenemase-producing strains and MDR/XDR phenotypes. Epidemiological patterns shifted from mixed community–hospital distribution to predominantly nosocomial transmission, particularly in intensive care units, with associations to mechanical ventilation, prolonged hospitalization, invasive devices, and prior broad-spectrum antibiotic exposure. Temporal clustering indicated outbreak-like dynamics in critical care settings. Novelty: This study provides longitudinal antibiogram-based evidence linking declining carbapenem susceptibility with ICU-centered transmission and resistance clustering. Implications: Findings underscore the need for strengthened antimicrobial stewardship, continuous surveillance, and targeted infection control strategies to mitigate hospital-driven dissemination of resistant K. pneumoniae. Highlights:• Progressive reduction in carbapenem sensitivity observed over 15 months• Resistance patterns concentrated within critical care environments• Transmission dynamics shifted toward hospital-dominated infection sources Keywords: Klebsiella Pneumoniae, Antimicrobial Resistance, Carbapenem Resistance, Nosocomial Transmission, Antibiogram Surveillance
Women's Myths and Misconceptions as Barriers to Contraceptive Use: A Comparative Study: Mitos dan Kesalahpahaman di Kalangan Perempuan sebagai Hambatan dalam Penggunaan Kontrasepsi: Sebuah Studi Komparatif Amal Fadil Noori Radi
Indonesian Journal on Health Science and Medicine Vol. 3 No. 1 (2026): July
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/ijhsm.v3i1.440

Abstract

General Background: Contraceptive use remains a central component of reproductive health, yet persistent myths continue to hinder its adoption globally. Specific Background: In Iraq, despite the availability of family planning services, misconceptions about contraception remain widespread, contributing to unmet needs and high fertility rates. Knowledge Gap: Limited comparative evidence exists on how these misconceptions vary across different Iraqi regions and cultural contexts. Aims: This study aimed to assess the prevalence of contraceptive myths among multiparous women and examine regional differences in perceptions across three Iraqi cities. Results: Findings revealed high levels of misconceptions, particularly related to menstrual disruption (66.4%), body changes (64.6%), and complexity of use (65.6%). Over half of participants endorsed beliefs about fertility risks and health concerns. Significant regional differences were observed, with higher levels of health-related concerns and religious opposition in Karbala. Social media emerged as the primary information source, while reliance on healthcare professionals remained limited. Novelty: The study provides a comparative regional analysis highlighting the persistence of misconceptions despite relatively high educational attainment. Implications: These findings underscore the need for culturally tailored educational interventions, improved provider communication, and evidence-based information dissemination strategies to address misinformation and support informed contraceptive decision-making. Keywords: Contraception, Reproductive Health, Misconceptions, Cultural Factors, Regional Differences Key Findings Highlights High prevalence of false beliefs related to menstrual and physical effects Strong regional variation linked to cultural and religious context Dominance of non-medical information channels in shaping perceptions
The Role of Medicinal Plants in Treating Intestinal Parasites: Peran Tanaman Obat dalam Pengobatan Parasit Usus Amal Fadil Noori Radi; Ziyad Khalaf Hamdan; Noor Talal Ali
Indonesian Journal on Health Science and Medicine Vol. 3 No. 1 (2026): July
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/ijhsm.v3i1.441

Abstract

General Background: Intestinal parasites remain a major global health concern, particularly in developing regions with poor sanitation and healthcare conditions. Specific Background: Conventional antiparasitic drugs are widely used but are associated with side effects and increasing drug resistance. Knowledge Gap: Limited integration of evidence regarding the mechanisms and therapeutic potential of medicinal plants as alternative treatments persists. Aims: This review examines the role of medicinal plants in combating intestinal parasites, focusing on their bioactive compounds and mechanisms of action. Results: Evidence from laboratory, animal, and limited clinical studies indicates that plants such as Zingiber officinale, Thymus vulgaris, Eucalyptus globulus, Aloe vera, Allium sativum, Artemisia herba-alba, and Nerium oleander exhibit inhibitory effects on parasite growth, reproduction, and survival, alongside immune modulation and anti-inflammatory activity. Novelty: The study synthesizes diverse findings on plant-derived compounds and highlights their multifunctional antiparasitic mechanisms. Implications: Medicinal plants represent promising complementary or alternative therapeutic options, though further clinical validation and standardization are required to ensure safety and efficacy. Keywords: Intestinal Parasites, Medicinal Plants, Antiparasitic Compounds, Bioactive Metabolites, Herbal Therapy Key Findings Highlights Multiple plant species demonstrate parasite growth suppression and immune modulation Bioactive compounds target parasite metabolism and cellular integrity Natural therapies show potential as complementary treatment strategies
The Physiological, Behavioral and Psychological Impact of Excessive Use of Smart Devices in Children : Dampak Fisiologis, Perilaku, dan Psikologis dari Penggunaan Perangkat Cerdas yang Berlebihan pada Anak-Anak Amal Fadil Noori Radi; Hadeel Thaer Ahmed Al-Najem
Indonesian Journal on Health Science and Medicine Vol. 3 No. 1 (2026): July
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/ijhsm.v3i1.442

Abstract

General Background: The rapid expansion of digital technology has made smart devices an integral part of daily life, including among children. Specific Background: Increasing exposure to smartphones has raised concerns regarding physical, psychological, and behavioral outcomes in early childhood. Knowledge Gap: Limited integrated evidence exists on how excessive device use simultaneously relates to health, sleep, behavior, and educational aspects in children. Aims: This study aims to examine the effects of excessive smart device use on children’s health, sleep patterns, behavior, and educational engagement. Results: Findings indicate that 43.5% of parents observed vision problems, 56.9% reported sleep disturbances, and notable proportions identified behavioral changes such as irritability and aggression. Additionally, 44% reported eye-related issues and a considerable number of children experienced neck or back discomfort. Educational use of devices was inconsistent, with many parents reporting no observable improvement in learning outcomes. Novelty: The study integrates multiple dimensions of child development within a single descriptive framework using parental perspectives. Implications: The findings highlight the importance of parental supervision, time regulation, and guided device use to reduce potential risks and promote balanced child development. Keywords: Smart Devices, Child Health, Screen Time, Behavioral Changes, Sleep Disturbance Key Findings Highlights High prevalence of reported visual and sleep-related disturbances among children Behavioral responses indicate dependency and emotional instability Educational utilization remains inconsistent and often unclear
Microbial Toxins: Types, Mechanisms of Action, and Pathogenic Significance Mayada Abdullah Shehan; Sara Imad Hajwal
Indonesian Journal on Health Science and Medicine Vol. 3 No. 1 (2026): July
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/ijhsm.v3i1.443

Abstract

General Background: Microbial toxins are critical virulence factors that contribute to disease by directly damaging host cells or modulating immune responses. Specific Background: Existing classifications, including exotoxins and endotoxins, often fail to integrate structural characteristics with mechanisms of entry, activation, and signaling pathways, particularly in relation to lipopolysaccharide recognition and mycotoxin-related public health concerns. Knowledge Gap: A cohesive framework linking toxin structure, delivery mechanisms, and immunopathological outcomes remains insufficiently developed in current literature. Aims: This review aims to establish an integrated classification of microbial toxins and to elucidate their mechanisms of action across molecular, cellular, and immunological levels. Results: The study identifies key toxin categories, including A–B toxins, membrane-disrupting toxins, superantigens, lipopolysaccharides, and mycotoxins, and outlines core mechanistic principles such as delivery, cellular selectivity, post-entry activation, and signal amplification, leading to inflammation and cell death. It also highlights the role of host variability and microbiota interactions in shaping toxic responses. Novelty: The review proposes a multidimensional framework combining structural, functional, and immunological perspectives to better interpret toxin behavior and disease patterns. Implications: These findings support the development of targeted interventions, including toxin-neutralizing therapies, improved vaccine design, and standardized research approaches for clinical and laboratory applications. Highlights:• Integrated framework links toxin structure with delivery and activation processes• Functional classification connects mechanisms to specific pathological outcomes• Host variability and microbiota interactions shape toxin-related disease patterns Keywords: Microbial Toxins, Exotoxins, Endotoxin, Lipopolysaccharide, Mycotoxins
The Role of Oxidative Stress Markers (MDA and SOD) in the Abortion with Diabetic Women in Iraq Naghma Abdulsahib Hussein
Indonesian Journal on Health Science and Medicine Vol. 3 No. 1 (2026): July
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/ijhsm.v3i1.445

Abstract

General Background: Spontaneous abortion is a common pregnancy complication with higher occurrence among women with diabetes mellitus, where oxidative imbalance and micronutrient deficiency are implicated. Specific Background: Oxidative stress markers such as malondialdehyde (MDA) and antioxidant enzymes like superoxide dismutase (SOD), together with vitamin D₃ status and glycemic indices, are associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. Knowledge Gap: However, the interrelationship between oxidative stress, antioxidant defense, glycemic control, and vitamin D₃ levels in diabetic women experiencing miscarriage remains insufficiently characterized. Aims: This study assessed MDA and SOD levels and their association with glycemic parameters and vitamin D₃ in diabetic women with spontaneous abortion. Results: A case–control analysis of 80 women revealed significantly higher random blood sugar, HbA1c, and MDA levels, alongside significantly lower vitamin D₃ levels in patients compared to controls (p < 0.001). SOD activity was significantly altered, indicating disrupted antioxidant defense. HbA1c showed strong positive correlation with MDA (r = 0.847) and negative correlations with SOD (r = −0.748) and vitamin D₃ (r = −0.702). Novelty: This study demonstrates integrated correlations between oxidative stress biomarkers, antioxidant imbalance, glycemic dysregulation, and vitamin D₃ deficiency in diabetes-related miscarriage. Implications: These findings suggest that combined monitoring of oxidative stress markers, glycemic indices, and vitamin D₃ status may support improved understanding and management of miscarriage risk in diabetic women. Highlights:• Elevated lipid peroxidation and glucose indicators observed in affected patients• Reduced micronutrient status linked with altered antioxidant enzyme activity• Strong correlations identified among metabolic, oxidative, and nutritional parameters Keywords: Oxidative Stress, Malondialdehyde, Superoxide Dismutase, Diabetes Mellitus, Vitamin D3

Page 31 of 32 | Total Record : 312

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