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Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU

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Published by Universitas Sumatera Utara

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Core Subject : Science, Engineering,

Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Engineering

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Articles 349 Documents

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CURE CHARACTERISTICS AND CROSSLINK DENSITY OF NATURAL RUBBER/STYRENE BUTADIENE RUBBER BLENDS Indra Surya, Syahrul Fauzi Siregar
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol 3, No 4 (2014)
Publisher : Universitas Sumatera Utara

By using a semi-efficient vulcanization system, the cure characteristics and crosslink density of natural rubber/styrene butadiene rubber (NR/SBR) blends were studied with a blend ratio from 0 to 100% rubber. The scorch time, optimum cure time, and torque difference value of the blended rubber compounds were determined by using the Moving-Die Rheometer (MDR 2000). The crosslink density was determined by the Flory—Rehner approach. Results indicate that the scorch and cure times, ts2 and t90, of the NR/SBR blends increased with increasing the SBR content. Whilst, the maximum values of torque difference and crosslink density were performed by the NR/SBR blend with a blend ratio of 75/25.

PENGARUH JUMLAH KATALIS ABU CANGKANG TELUR AYAM DAN WAKTU REAKSI GLISEROLISIS PADA PEMBUATAN MONO DAN DIASILGLISEROL (MDAG) DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN CO-SOLVENT TERT-BUTANOL Margareth Nainggolan, Retno Dian Purba, Mhd. Yusuf Ritonga
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol 3, No 4 (2014)
Publisher : Universitas Sumatera Utara

Mono and diacylglycerol is one of oil diversification products that its economics value is higher and its market prospect is brighter in this globalization era. The purpose of this research is to produce mono and diacylglycerol from Refined, Bleached, Deodorized Palm Oil by using waste egg shell as catalyst. Waste egg shell was calcined at temperatur 70oC and time 2 hours to forming active CaO as catalyst. Then the process continued with glycerolysis process. Glycerolysis process produced mono and diacylglyserol. Then mono and diacylglycerol was separated by using separator fannel. Then the upper layer was vaporated to separate mono and diacylglycerol from tert-butanol. Effect of various varible process such as amount of catalyst and glycerolysis time was observed in this research. The best result was at temperature 70oC, co-solvent and oil rasio 3:1 (v/b), reaction time 2 hours, and catalyst amount 4% from oil with maksimum purity 68,61%. Mono and diacylglycerol formed in this reasearh is w/o emulsifier with HLB 5,19. The result of this research showed that waste egg shell is suitable to be used as the source of cheap catalyst to produce mono and diacylglycerol.

PENGARUH UKURAN PARTIKEL DAN KOMPOSISI ABU SEKAM PADI HITAM TERHADAP SIFAT KEKUATAN TARIK KOMPOSIT POLIESTER TIDAK JENUH Rotua Adryani, Maulida
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol 3, No 4 (2014)
Publisher : Universitas Sumatera Utara

This research was aimed to investigate the effect of black rice husk ash particle size and black rice husk ash composition as filler in tensile strength of unsaturated polyester composites. The composites were made with open mixing method by mixing unsaturated polyester with black rice husk ash with particle size variation of 100 mesh and 250 mesh, and volume fraction ratio between filler and matrix 95/5 : 90/10 : 85/15 : 80/20 then added with 1% methyl ethyl ketone peroxide as catalizer into mixture of unsaturated polyester and black rice husk ash. Tests performed are tensile, elongation at break, and Young’s modulus. The result of obtained at a ratio 95/5 with a particle size of 100 and 250 mesh was 24,413 MPa and 24,689 MPa.

PEMANFAATAN KITOSAN DARI CANGKANG RAJUNGAN (Portonus sanginolentus L.) SEBAGAI PENGAWET IKAN KEMBUNG (Rastrelliger sp) DAN IKAN LELE (Clarias Batrachus) Rika Silvia, Sari Wahyu Waryani, Farida Hanum
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol 3, No 4 (2014)
Publisher : Universitas Sumatera Utara

The use of appropriate anti-microbial compounds can extend the shelf life of a product as well as ensure the safety of the product. That requires a material that is naturally anti-microbial so as not harmful to health. The use of chitosan to inhibit microbial activity on mackerel (Rastrelliger sp) and catfish (Clarias batrachus) to test it's effectiveness. In this research chitosan that used as an anti-microbial extracted from the shells of crabs (Portunus sanginolentus L.). Chitin and chitosan that were successfully extracted were characterized it's results includes moisture content testing, ash content, and degrees of deacetylation. Characterized chitosan, were used as an anti-microbial mackerel (Rastrelliger sp) and catfish (Clarias batrachus). Chitosan was dissolved in 1% acetic acid with varying concentrations of chitosan as 1%, 1.5%, 2%, and 2.5%. The storage time of fish: 0 hours, 10 hours, 15 hours, 20 hours, and 25 hours. The results of research chitosan form as granules / powder, 5% moisture content, ash content 2% and the degree of deacetylation which amounted to 61,08%. Chitosan solution test results on fish showed that fish preservation by soaking with chitosan addition of 1.5% was the best variable and could extend the shelf life of fish more than 5 hours while fish preservation by spraying gave the best variable with addition of chitosan 2.5% and could extend the shelf life of fish less than 5 hours.

PENGARUH JENIS PELARUT DAN TEMPERATUR REAKSI PADA SINTESIS SURFAKTAN DARI ASAM OLEAT DAN n-METIL GLUKAMINA DENGAN KATALIS KIMIA Jojor Rohana Oppusunggu, Vinta Rutliana Siregar, Zuhrina Masyithah
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol 4, No 1 (2015)
Publisher : Universitas Sumatera Utara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32734/jutek.v4i1.9110

Surfactants are molecules that also has a hydrophilic group and a lipophilic group that can unify a mixture consisting of water and oil. Alkanolamide is one type of nonionic surfactants are widely used in everyday life. In this study, will be observed the influence of the type of solvent and reaction temperature on the synthesis of surfactant alkanolamide n -methyl glukamine and oleic acid from palm oil with sodium methoxide catalyst. This study aims to determine the value of the hydrophilic lipophilic balance (HLB), pH and surface tension of surfactant, by observing the effect of the type of solvent and reaction temperature. This research was conducted by using a flask at 90 ° C, 110 ° C, 130 ° C for 3 hours reaction time, substrate ratio of 1: 2, the stirring speed of 150 rpm and a catalyst concentration of 0.4% (w/w). In the amidation reaction samples taken from the flask every 1 hour for 3 hours and then the results of this amidation reaction was washed with acetone solvent to separate the catalyst. Results washing then purified by heating at 90°C to evaporate the solvent surfactant products hexane and butanol. Results containing surfactant in the analysis with Hydrophilic Liphophilic Balance Method, surface tension and FT-IR spectrophotometry. Based on this research, the optimal conditions at a temperature of 110oC, reaction time 3 hours at the solvent ratio 2: 1. From the analysis of surfactant oleoil n-Methyl glukamine values obtained HLB in the range of 11,53 HLB in accordance with the standard detergent.

PENGARUH SUHU REAKSI DAN JUMLAH KATALIS PADA PEMBUATAN BIODIESEL DARI LIMBAH LEMAK SAPI DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN KATALIS HETEROGEN CaO DARI KULIT TELUR AYAM Wendi, Valentinoh Cuaca, Taslim
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol 4, No 1 (2015)
Publisher : Universitas Sumatera Utara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32734/jutek.v4i1.9295

Biodiesel is an alternative fuel for diesel engines consisting of the alkyl monoesters from vegetable oils or animal fats. Beef tallow waste is the non-edible raw material with low cost production and the availability is huge in the cattle production. The objective of the study was to utilize beef tallow waste for biodiesel production using solid oxide catalyst which derived from the industrial eggshells. The materials calcined with temperature 900oC and time 2 hours, transformed calcium species in the shells into active CaO catalysts.The oil contained high free fatty acid (FFA) content of 1.86%. The FFA content of the oil was reduced by acid-catalyzed esterification. The product from this stage was subjected to produce biodiesel. Transesterification process reacts oil and methanol to produce methyl ester and glycerol. The produced methyl ester on the upper layer was separated from the glycerol and then washed. Effect of various process variables such as amount of catalyst and temperature were investigated. The biodiesel properties like methyl ester content, density, viscosity, and flash point was evaluated and was found to compare well with Indonesian Standard (SNI). Under the best condition, the maximum yield of 82.43% beef tallow methyl ester was obtained by using 9:1 molar ratio of methanol to beef tallow oil at 55oC, for a reaction time 1.5 hours in the presence 3 wt% of CaO catalyst. The results of this work showed that the use of beef tallow is very suitable as low cost feedstock for biodiesel production.

PEMBUATAN ETIL ASETAT DARI HASIL HIDROLISIS, FERMENTASI DAN ESTERIFIKASI KULIT PISANG RAJA (Musa paradisiaca L.) Sari Liza Azura Nst, Reni Sutri, Iriany
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol 4, No 1 (2015)
Publisher : Universitas Sumatera Utara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32734/jutek.v4i1.9321

Ethyl acetate is a clear liquid, colorless, smelling typical which commonly used as a flavor enhancer. Banana peels contain high valuable components, such as carbohydrates, vitamin C, calcium and other nutrients. The purpose of this study was to utilize the ‘raja’ banana peel waste (Musa paradisiaca L.) in the making of ethyl acetate. Variations in this experiment is comparison of raw materials and water 1: 4; 1: 7; 1:10 and hydrolysis temperature of 50oC, 60oC, 70oC. At first banana peel was scraped, dried and mashed to make banana peel powder.The content of carbohydrates in the ’Raja’ banana peel powder is 45.21% (w/w). Banana peel powder was hydrolyzed into water for 180 minutes using acid hydrocloric acid as catalist. The hydrolysis product was fermented for 24 hours using instant yeast 'Fermipan' and then was distilled. The Distillation product was esterified with acetic acid and hydrochloric acid as catalyst for 15 minutes at 60°C. The influence of various process variables were observed in this experiment. The maximum ethyl acetate yield was obtained 70.377% at condition of raw materials and water ratio = 1:10 and hydrolysis temperature of 50oC. The results obtained in this experiment showed that the ‘raja’ banana peel can be used as an alternative raw material which low cost and easy to obtain to produce ethyl acetate.

EFISIENSI PENYERAPAN LOGAM Pb2+ DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN CAMPURAN BENTONIT DAN ENCENG GONDOK M Faisal
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol 4, No 1 (2015)
Publisher : Universitas Sumatera Utara

Adsorption of Pb2+by using a mix of bentonite and water hyacinth has been carried out in a bacth system. The purpose of the research is to investigate the abilty of the mix bentonite and water hyacinth to adsorp Pb2+. Prior to adsorption process, the mix of bentonite and water hyacnth was activated physcally by H2SO4. The adsorption ability between activated-adsorbend and without activated-adsorbend was then compared. In the activaved process, the mix of bentonite and water hyacinth used was 4 gram in weight and 120 ml of H2SO4 1,2 M. In this research, adsorption time of 30, 60, 120 menit, the speed of 50, 100, 150 rpm and the Pb2+concentration of 30, 35 and 40 mg/l were used. The result showed that the adsorption efficiency of activated-adsorbend is higher than that of without activaved. The maximum adsorption of 0,987 mg/g were obtained at Pb2+concentration of 40 mg/l with a contact time and speed of 120 min and 150 rpm, respetively.

EFISIENSI PENYERAPAN PHOSPAT LIMBAH LAUNDRY MENGGUNAKAN KANGKUNG AIR (Ipomoea aquatic forsk) DAN JERINGAU (Acorus calamus) Fitri Dewi, M. Faisal, Mariana
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol 4, No 1 (2015)
Publisher : Universitas Sumatera Utara

Laundry waste contains high phosphate concentrations that exceeding levels in Regulation No. 82 of 2001 about Water Quality Management and Control of Water Pollution. When the waste is directly discharged into the sewers or river without treatment, it can cause water pollution and lead to eutrophication. Water spinach (Ipomoea aquatica Forsk) and Jeringau (Acorus Calamus l) might be use to absorb phosphate in laundry waste. The aim of this research is to investigate the efficiency of phosphate absorption by using water spinach and Jeringau. The experiments were carried out in a batch system. The results showed that the reduction efficiency of phosphate by Water spinach and Jeringau was 41.61% and 53.75%, respectively.

PENGARUH SUHU DALAM PEMBUATAN KARBON AKTIF DARI KULIT SALAK (Salacca edulis) DENGAN IMPREGNASI ASAM FOSFAT (H3PO4) Muhammad Turmuzi, Arion Syaputra
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol 4, No 1 (2015)
Publisher : Universitas Sumatera Utara

This study was aimed to determine the yield, iodine and characteristics of activated carbon pore surface area. Activated carbon is made by impregnation method with phosphoric acid (H3PO4). Snake fruit peel that has been mashed 1-2 mm soaked with phosphoric acid for (H3PO4) with concentration 10% for 3 hours. Filtered and dried for 24 hours at 60 °C. Snake fruit peel that has been impregnated pyrolysis at 400- 600 °C for 1 hours. Snake fruit peel that has been pyrolysis cooled in a desiccator for 30 minutes and washed until neutral pH. Then dried to a constant mass. The results showed that the best yield at a temperature of 400 °C 71.70%. The best surface area is 4078,694 m2/g. While iodine best is 494,91mg/g at a temperature 600 °C.

Page 10 of 35 | Total Record : 349

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