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Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU

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Published by Universitas Sumatera Utara

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Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Engineering

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Articles 349 Documents

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TRANSESTERIFICATION OF DEGUMMED PALM OIL (DPO) TO PRODUCE PALM BIODIESEL BY USING LIPOZYME TL IM AS BIOCATALYST Aira Darusmy, Nur Sri Rahayu, Renita Manurung
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol 4, No 1 (2015)
Publisher : Universitas Sumatera Utara

Biodiesel is usually synthesis by transesterification of triglycerides and alcohols in the presence of an acid or an alkaline catalyst but it could produce a chemical waste process. An alternative process is using biocatalyst such as enzyme to synthesis biodiesel that couldn’t produce chemical waste process. In this research, the synthesis of biodiesel from degummed palm oil (DPO) and methanol as acyl donor has been investigated with using of Lipozyme as biocatalyst. The purpose of this experiment is to examine the effect of the temperature and the amount of biocatalyst for the synthesis of biodiesel that produced from palm oil and examine the effect of the use of methanol to the lipase enzyme activity in catalyzing the synthesis of biodiesel through transesterification reaction. The variables in this research are the amount of biocatalyst and temperature, and their responses with yield conversion of biodiesel are representated using response surface methodology (RSM) with Minitab software. The reactants and products are analyzed using Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GCMS). Yield raging from 10-79 % are achieved in 15 hours reaction time. The variable effect of process for obtaining yield can be known from the temperature gives negative result about 0,6738 for the formation of biodiesel product. Afterwards the amount of biocatalyst gives positive result about 22,8091 and interaction between temperature and the amount of biocatalyst give negative result. The results show that the most influential variable is the amount of biocatalyst. Therefore, this experiment would need further investigation works and analysis and reuse of lipozyme as biocatalyst on the run which obtained the highest yield. The highest yield is obtained at a reaction temperature of 45 ° C and the amount of catalyst by 30%. In the reuse of lipozyme, can be repeated four times and obtained the total of the decrease in yield of 77%.

PENGOLAHAN LIMBAH LAUNDRY MENGGUNAKAN METODE BIOSAND FILTER UNTUK MENDEGRADASI FOSFAT Sri Widya Astuti, Mersi Suriani Sinaga
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol 4, No 2 (2015)
Publisher : Universitas Sumatera Utara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32734/jutek.v4i2.9795

Laundry waste dominant comes from clothes softener and detergent which is one of the environmentally inhospitable material (non-biodegraduble) soit has to be processed before dumped into the waste. The basic material that use in this research is waste laundry. The purpose of this research is to decrease phosphate and surfactant content by biosand filter method which using active carbon adsorbent with ratio of mixed waste laundry and nutrition is 100%:0, 75%:25%, and 50%:50% (in % volume) by anaerobic process. The parameter that being analyzed are Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Total Suspended Solid (TSS), Volatile Suspended Solid (VSS), daily pH also Phosphate and Surfactant before and after being processed anaerobically. pH for this research arranged in range 6,9-7,5. The largest volume in VSS ratio is 63,55%, COD percentage is 53,67%, phosphate percentage is 74,32%, and surfactant is 53,54%. The reduction of phosphate and surfactant value result by the present of contaminate layer (biofilm) in tank so that produce phosphate and surfactant that have been fill quality based on government regulation of the Republic Indonesia No. 82 of 2001.

SINTESIS α-PINENE MENJADI α-TERPINEOL MENGGUNAKAN KATALIS H2SO4 DENGAN VARIASI SUHU REAKSI DAN VOLUME ETANOL Elvianto Dwi Daryono
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol 4, No 2 (2015)
Publisher : Universitas Sumatera Utara

This study is intended to explore the optimum temperature reaction and volume of ethanol in the synthesis of α-pinene to α-terpineol. Turpentine oils that is used in this study contains α-pinene by 79.05%. In this study the variables used is the reaction temperature (60º, 70º, and 80ºC) and the volume of ethanol (105, 115, 125, 135 and 145 mL). Synthesis is done during 4 hours using a three-neck flask, condenser, hot plate, a magnetic stirrer, and a thermometer with a stirring speed of scale 7(350-700 rpm). After that, the results is neutralized to pH 7 using NaOH 5% then it is diluted with ethanol in 250 mL volumetric flask. Synthesized samples were analyzed by Gas Chromatography method. In this study, the highest concentration of α-terpineol obtained 57.05% with yield 67,79% at temperature reaction 70oC and the volume of ethanol is 135 mL.

JTK USU Journal Management
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol 4, No 1 (2015)
Publisher : Universitas Sumatera Utara

JTK USU

PENENTUAN DISTRIBUSI UKURAN PARTIKEL TEPUNG TERIGU DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE PENGAPUNGAN BATANG (BUOYANCY WEIGHING-BAR METHOD) Rondang Tambun, Nofriko Pratama, Ely, Farida Hanum
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol 4, No 1 (2015)
Publisher : Universitas Sumatera Utara

Particle size measurement of wheat flour is important in wheat flour industry. There are several methods have been used to measure particle size distribution (PSD) of wheat flour, such as Andreasen pipette method, sedimentation balance method, centrifugal sedimentation method. The disadvantages of these methods are that they are time consuming and require special skills. On the other hand, PSD can be analyzed using a different principle through laser diffraction/scattering methods, and coulter counter method. The laser diffraction/scattering and coulter counter methods produce highly accurate results within a shorter time, but the equipment is extremely expensive. Therefore, a simple and cost-effective new method to determine PSD is in high demand. In this study, we aim to develop a new method to measure the particle size distribution of wheat flour using a buoyancy weighing–bar method. In this method, the density change in a suspension due to particle migration (wheat flour) is measured by weighing buoyancy against a weighing–bar hung in the suspension (etanol/metanol), and the PSD is calculated using the length of the bar and the time–course change in the mass of the bar. This apparatus consists of an analytical balance with a hook for underfloor weighing, and a weighing–bar, which is used to detect the density change in suspension. The result obtained show that the PSD of wheat flour measured by the buoyancy weighing-bar method is comparable to that determined by settling balance method.

PENGARUH RASIO MOLAR SUBSTRAT DAN KONSENTRASI KATALIS PADA PEMBUATAN DECYL POLIGLIKOSIDA DARI D-GLUKOSA DAN DEKANOL Rap Leanon, Walad Wirawan, Zuhrina Masyithah
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol 4, No 2 (2015)
Publisher : Universitas Sumatera Utara

There are two methods to produce alkyl polyglucoside (APG) which are direct method and indirect method. In this research, APG synthesize with direct method that involves by directly reacting d-glucose with decanol with molar ratio variation of d-glucose:decanol are 1:10; 2:10; 4:10 and 6:10 (mol GL/mol C10) and HCl concentration as catalyst variation are 0,5; 1; 1,5 dan 2 (% based on weight of d-glucose) in 3 hours with temperature reaction is 95 0C. Next process is neutralizing with strong base (NaOH) until pH value is about 8-10 then the aqueous solutions are distillated with vacuum distillation. This research analyze density, yield and wavelength. Decyl polyglycoside synthetic optimum results best density value is 1,05 gr/mL in molar ratio of d-glucose:decanol 2:10 (mol GL/mol C10) and catalyst concentration 0,5%. Best yield in molar ratio of d-glucose:decanol 2:10 (mol GL/mol C10) and catalyst consentration 1,5% (% based on weight of d-glucose) with yield value is 84,09 %. Wavelength analysis of ether and OH linkage with Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy detected ether (COC) linkage at wavenumber 1032,33 cm-1 and OH groups detected at wavenumber 3365,21 cm-1.

PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN AKTIVATOR ZnCl2, KOH, DAN H3PO4 DALAM PEMBUATAN KARBON AKTIF DARI PELEPAH AREN (Arenga Pinnata) Marina Olivia Esterlita, Netti Herlina
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol 4, No 1 (2015)
Publisher : Universitas Sumatera Utara

This research aimed to determine the effect of carbonization temperature and activator agent in making activated carbon, and also determine the optimum temperature, and best activator agent. The raw material used is kind of lignocellulosic like palm frond. The palm fronds cleaned and chopped, then it soaked in each activator solution include KOH, ZnCl2, and H3PO4 at room temperature for 24 hours. After that, palm fronds carbonized in the furnace at a temperature of 4000C, 5000C, and 6000C in 1 hour. Carbon washed by aquadest until its netral, after that calculated the yield of charcoal, moisture content, and absorption ability of the iodine solution. The highest yield obtained in the activated carbon which impregnated by ZnCl2 at the temperature 4000C which is 82,04%. The best water content of activated carbon obtained in the activated carbon impregnated by H3PO4 of 6% which is the lowest one. Activated carbon which has the largest number of iodine absorption was also obtained on the active carbon carbonized at a temperature of 5000C and activated by H3PO4 which is 767.745 mg iodine / g of activated carbon, and the value is in compliance with SNI.

RANCANGAN ALAT PEMBUATAN BIOETANOL DARI BAHAN BAKU KULIT DURIAN Irvan, Bambang Trisakti, Luri Adriani, Reviana Revitasari
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol 4, No 1 (2015)
Publisher : Universitas Sumatera Utara

In this research, the bioethanol production unit using durian peel as raw material was designed with capacity process of 100 liters per cycle in batch process. The main equipments were designed fermenter and distillation unit. Fermenter tank was designed with 43 cm of diameter and 86 cm of height which was equipped with two manual paddle impeller of 30 cm in diameter. The other of main equipments, distillation tank was made of stainless steel with 48 cm of diameter and 54 cm of height, which was equipped with heater to heat the liquid of fermentation process and cooling tank to cool vaporised bioethanol. The time required for one cycle of fermentation with batch process was 7 days and 7 hours. While the time required for one cycle of bioethanol production with batch process was 8 days and 4 hours. The feasibility of bioethanol production unit in which consists of fermenter tank and distillation tank under condition process of 7 days and yeast concentration of 6% and distillation temperature of 80oC was tested. The results obtained were 8,98% of bioethanol concentration during fermentation and 74,96% of bioethanol concentration during distillation.

PEMBUATAN BIODIESEL DARI RBDPO DENGAN KATALIS CANGKANG KEPAH M. Yusuf Ritonga, Anda Putra
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol 4, No 2 (2015)
Publisher : Universitas Sumatera Utara

Biodiesel is a low-emission diesel fuel substitute made from renewable resources and waste oil. The objective of the study was to study of CaO catalysts in biodiesel production from RBDPO with clam shell catalyst through calcinations of CaCO3 with temperature of 900oC and 3.5 hours will be obtained CaO content of 68,35%. Effect of various process variables such as type of catalyst, reaction time, amount of catalyst and molar ratio of Methanol / oil were investigated. The biodiesel properties like methyl ester content, density, viscosity, and flash point was compared with Indonesian Standard (SNI). Under the best condition, the maximum yield, purity, density, viscosity and flash point of biodiesel RBDPO respectively for 84,0179%, 97,98%, 875,47 kg/m3, 4,99 cSt and 122oC was obtained by using 12:1 molar ratio of methanol to RBDPO oil at 60oC, for a reaction time of 2 hours in the presence 5 wt% of CaO catalyst. The results of this research showed that heterogeneous catalysts CaO derived from clam shell suitable to be used as catalysts in biodiesel production.

PEMANFAATAN ABU CANGKANG KERANG DARAH (ANADARA GRANOSA) SEBAGAI KATALIS DALAM PEMBUATAN METIL ESTER DARI MINYAK JELANTAH Bernandus Petrus, Andika Prasetyo Sembiring, Mersi Suriani Sinaga
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol 4, No 2 (2015)
Publisher : Universitas Sumatera Utara

Transesterification is the reaction to produce methyl esters in which this reaction’s involves catalyst of blood clam shell ashes of combustion at temperatures of 900 ° C for 3 hours and the amount of ash that is used by 8%, 10%, 12% (w / w). Ash used in dissolved in methanol with a molar ratio of methanol: oil of 9: 1, 12: 1 (n / n) to obtain a compound of calcium methoxide. Used cooking oil is filtered and then esterified with catalyst 3.0% (w / w) H2SO4 98% and methanol: oil TG (6: 1) to reduce the FFA to <1%. Transesterification reaction is carried out at a reaction temperature of 65 ° C for 3 hours, and keep stirring 700 rpm. Quantitatively, the optimum yield of methyl ester in the amount of ash produced is 12% (w / w) and the molar ratio of methanol: oil at 12: 1 (n / n) of 56.51% with specification methyl esters such as density, kinematic viscosity and purity methyl ester biodiesel in accordance with SNI 04-7182-2006, based on the analysis of GC (Gas Chromatography), the purity of the resulting methyl ester was 98.79%.

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