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Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Engineering

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Articles 349 Documents

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PEMBUATAN KARBON AKTIF DARI CANGKANG BUAH KARET (Hevea brasilliensis) DENGAN AKTIVATOR H3PO4 DAN APLIKASINYA SEBAGAI PENJERAP Cr(VI) Muhammad Zulfadhli, Iriany
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol 6, No 1 (2017)
Publisher : Universitas Sumatera Utara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32734/jutek.v6i1.15240

Activated carbon from lignocellulosic materials are renewable, abundant, and inexpesive. Rubber shell activated carbon that activated chemicaly has abilty to adsorp heavy metal. The purpose of this research is to study the effect of phosphoric acid concentration toward characteristics of rubber shell activated carbon, and its ability to adsorp Cr(VI). The materials used in this research are rubber shell, aquadest, and Cr(VI) solution. This research was started by impregnating rubber shell with phosphoric acid at 20%, 40% and 60% for 1 hour and then sample was carbonizated in furnace at 500oC for 1 hour. After that, activated carbon was applied to adsorp Cr(VI). The characteristic of surface area of rubber shell activated carbon are measured by BET method. Furthermore, the residual concentration of Cr(VI) was measured with Atomic Adsortion Spectrophotometer. The result shows that characteristics of rubber shell activated carbon such as moisture content, ash content, volatile matter have fulfilled National Standard of Indonesia (SNI) except ash content of activated carbon that activated by 20% phosphoric acid. Surface area of activated carbon has fulfilled the standard of commercial adsorbent. The largest adsorption capasity is obtained using Rubber shell activated carbon that activated by 40% phosphoric acid with adsorption percentage 96,67%.

PEMANFAATAN KULIT JENGKOL SEBAGAI ADSORBEN DALAM PENYERAPAN LOGAM Cd (II) PADA LIMBAH CAIR INDUSTRI PELAPISAN LOGAM Setiaty Pandia, Budi Warman
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol 5, No 4 (2016)
Publisher : Universitas Sumatera Utara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32734/jutek.v5i4.15339

The aim of this research is to study the effect of activation processes to iodine number of ngapi nut peel adsorbent and to study the optimum adsorbent mass to reduce metallic Cadmium (Cd) concentration in electroplating wastewater. Ngapi nut peel was cleaned and mashed to a size of 100 mesh of sieve tray and then activated using nitric acid (HNO3) 4 N with specific ratio ngapi nut peel : nitric acid while heated at specific activation temperature and duration. Adsorbent dried in oven at specific temperature and duration of drying. Adsorbent with optimum iodine number then used in batch adsorption that carried out by using variations of mass in 50 mL of wastewater. The results showed that the optimum ratio of ngapi nut peel : nitric acid is 20:1 mg/mL at activation temperature 90°C, duration of activation 120 minutes, drying temperature 110 °C and duration of drying 120 minutes with iodine number 634.50 mg/g. The optimum mass of adsorbent is 1 g with capacity of adsorbent 1,326 mg/g.

PENGARUH JARAK ANTARA ELEKTRODA PADA REAKTOR ELEKTROKOAGULASI TERHADAP PENGOLAHAN EFFLUENT LIMBAH CAIR PABRIK KELAPA SAWIT Edy Saputra, Farida Hanum
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol 5, No 4 (2016)
Publisher : Universitas Sumatera Utara

Liquid waste from palm oil mill continues to grow concurrently with the increased production of palm oil in Indonesia. Technical processing of palm oil mill effluent using anaerobic ponds are less efficient because it requires large area besides palm oil mill effluent produce greenhouse gases caused by carbon dioxide gases that are generated. Therefore we need another alternative technology such as electrocoagulation as advanced technology in processing wastewater effluent from an anaerobic column. Electrocoagulation is a wastewater treatment system that is capable of eliminating pollutants and produce hydrogen gas simultaneously as revenue to offset operating costs. This study aims to determine the effect and the best inter electrode distance to reduce pollutant parameters such as chemical oxygen demand, total solids and total suspended solids. The type of electrode material used is aluminum, the reactor dimensions 12 cm x 12 cm x 36 cm with 3 hours of operating time, voltage 10 volts, variations of inter electrode distance 0.5 cm; 1.0 cm; 1.5 cm and 2.0 cm. Samples were taken from palm oil mill PT. PP London Sumatra in Bagerpang, Tanjung Morawa. The results obtained by the percentage reduction in COD, TSS TS and the highest was 72.897% at 1.0 cm; 67.292% at 1.5 cm and 96.429% at 1.5 cm. Best distance between the electrodes was 1.5 cm.

PEMBUATAN KARBON AKTIF DARI CANGKANG BUAH KARET DENGAN AKTIVATOR H3PO4 DAN APLIKASINYA SEBAGAI PENJERAP Pb(II) Joko Murtono, Iriany
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol 6, No 1 (2017)
Publisher : Universitas Sumatera Utara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32734/jutek.v6i1.15808

Activated carbon necessity in Indonesia was increasing along with the developments of the industriaization era. Based on natural product in Indonesia, probably activated carbon necessity could be guaranteed by domestic production. Rubber shells were solid waste which has potential for multiple uses such as raw materials for the manufacture of activated carbon. In this researched, rubber shells waste were processed into activated charcoal. The aim of this researhed was to determine the effect of the concentration of phosphoric acid activator toward the characteristics of the activated carbon and activated carbon absorption capacity to Pb(II). Shells rubber that passed by the of 100 mesh sieve was impregnated with phosphoric acid (H3PO4) as activator in the ratio fruit shells rubber: phosphoric acid (b:b) of 1:2 and varying concentrations of H3PO4 at 20%, 40%, and 60% for 1 hour. After immersion in the acid, then material was carbonized in a furnace at temperature 500 oC for 1 hour. Surface area of activated carbon was analyzed by usning Braunanear, Emmelt and Teller and concentration of adsorption of Pb(II) was measured by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy. The results showed the general characteristics of activated carbon comparable to the Indonesian National Standard. The largest adsorption capasity percentage 74% is obtained using Rubber shell activated carbon that activated by 20% phosphoric acid .

PENURUNAN KADAR LOGAM KADMIUM MENGGUNAKAN ADSORBEN NANO ZEOLIT ALAM ACEH Cut Raziah, Zerlinda Putri, Atika Rahmi Lubis, Sofyana, Zuhra, Suhendrayatna, Sri Mulyati
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol 6, No 1 (2017)
Publisher : Universitas Sumatera Utara

The presence of Cadmium (Cd) in groundwater is an issue that needs serious handling as it causes problems to human health. The removal of Cadmium (Cd) can be done by various methods such as adsorption, oxidation, filtration, and many more. In this study, the method used was adsorption using Aceh natural zeolite. This process was expected to reduce Cd metal as effectively as possible. The adsorption was conducted by varying contact time, adsorbent dosage, pH and initial concentration of Cd metal. The crystallized Aceh natural zeolite was characterized by X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) with Si/Al zeolite ratio of 4.36 %. The concentration of Cadmium in water was analyzed by means of Atomic Adsorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) standard AA 630. The results showed that the adsorption of cadmium in water solution by Aceh natural zeolite occurred according to the Freundlich adsorption model. While the adsorption kinetic from the process was found to be a pseudo second order with k2 value of 1.53.

JTK USU Journal Management
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol 5, No 4 (2016)
Publisher : Universitas Sumatera Utara

JTK USU

PENGARUH PERLAKUAN LEACHING TERHADAP SIFAT MEKANIK FILM LATEKS KARET ALAM BERPENGISI SELULOSA MIKROKRISTAL DARI AMPAS TEBU Rismadhani Elita, Rojiyatul Ikhwani Lubis, Hamidah Harahap
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol 5, No 4 (2016)
Publisher : Universitas Sumatera Utara

Leaching process is one of many factors to raise up the mechanical properties of latex products. Studies on the effect of leaching on film natural rubber latex with the filler microcrystalline cellulose from bagasse with alkanolamide using different temperatures and times vulcanization has been done to produce the better mechanical properties such as strenght tensile and elongation at break. Filming of natural rubber latex is done by coagulants dyeing techniques. The study started with the process of pre-vulcanised natural rubber latex at 70 °C with a loading filler by 0 phr, 5 phr, 10 phr and 15 phr and followed by a vulcanization process at a temperature of 100 °C and 150 °C for 10 minutes and 20 minutes. The film result will be have leaching treatment using a solution of water and ammonia 1%. Test results of tensile strength of natural rubber latex film howed that the tensile strength of natural rubber latex film with microcrystalline cellulose as filler and alkanolamides after leaching less than the tensile strength of natural rubber lateks film before leaching

PENGARUH UKURAN PARTIKEL, WAKTU DAN SUHU PADA EKSTRAKSI FENOL DARI LENGKUAS MERAH Rondang Tambun, Harry P. Limbong, Christika Pinem, Ester Manurung
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol 5, No 4 (2016)
Publisher : Universitas Sumatera Utara

Galangal is one of spices containing phenol. This study aims to product phenol in a liquid phase from galangal. The variations performed in this study involve the time of extraction (3 hours, 6 hours, 9 hours), temperature (30 oC, 45 oC, 60 oC) and particle size of raw material (70 mesh, 100 mesh, 140 mesh). One of the analysis in this study is the yield of phenol. The highest phenol in this study is about 4,5%. This result is obtained using 140 mesh of tray at 60°C of temperature and 9 hours of extraction time.

PENGARUH WAKTU AKTIVASI TERHADAP KARAKTERISTIK ADSORBEN DARI KULIT PISANG KEPOK (Musa acuminate L) YANG DIAKTIVASI SECARA FISIKA Elvitriana, Vera Viena, Muhammad Nizar, Sari Wardani
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol 6, No 1 (2017)
Publisher : Universitas Sumatera Utara

This study aimed to analyze the effect of activation time on characteristics of banana peels (Musa acuminate L) adsorbent prepared by physics activation. The adsorbent was prepared through two stages, the carbonation of banana skin conducted at 400 oC for 1.5 hours and the physics activation process conducted at 600 oC for 15, 30, and 45 minutes with variations 50 mesh and 100 mesh in size. Adsorbent characteristic parameters analyzed were water content, ash content, volatile matter, fixed carbon, adsorption capacity of iodine, and determination of functional groups using FTIR. Results showed that characteristics of banana peels adsorbent met SNI No. 06-3730-1995 with a water content of 2-8%, 2-9% ash content, 12-17% volatile matter, fixed carbon 73-84% with iodine absorption of 952 mg/g. Results of FT-IR spectra, adsorbent has an absorption band spectra at wave number of 2850 – 2960 cm-1 with stretching vibration appeared on C-H group with intensity 92.50 with activation time of 45 minutes and 50 mesh size. Based on its characteristics analysis, it can be concluded that adsorbent from banana peels has potential to be applied as one of the active carbon absorbent for liquid and gaseous waste.

PENYISIHAN ION LOGAM MERKURI (Hg2+) MENGGUNAKAN ADSORBEN BERBAHAN BAKU LIMBAH PERTANIAN DAN GULMA TANAMAN Miftahurrahmah, Suhendrayatna, Muhammad Zaki
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol 6, No 1 (2017)
Publisher : Universitas Sumatera Utara

This research was conducted to prepare adsorbents from agricultural and weeds waste biomass to remove Hg2+ metal ions from water phase. Water hyacinth biomass (agricultural waste) and rice husk (weed) was cleaned, dried in an oven dryer, and carbonized in a furnace at 500oC for 2 hours. Then, dried carbon was milled to get 100 mesh of size and was followed by activation using 0.5 N NaOH. The adsorption process was conducted by mix 1 gram of activated adsorbent on a 100 ml water containing 3 ppm Hg2+ metal ions at 100 rpm, pH 5, and 30oC. Hg2+ concentration in water phase were analyzed using AAS, Shimadzu AA-6300 for a specified time within a period of 20-100 minutes. This study shows that at the beginning process of adsorption, adsorbent from rice husk has ability to decrease 69.91% concentration of Hg2+ for 20 minutes, while adsorbent from water hyacinth reaches to 94.26%. The characterization results of FTIR spectra and SEM shows that adsorbent from water hyacinth was able to absorb more Hg2+ metal ions in a short time because it has a functional group that was able to bind heavy metals, and also has a random surface structure, compared with the adsorbent from rice husks that has less functional groups with uniform morphology structure

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