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Articles 349 Documents

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ADSORPSI KESADAHAN (Ca) MENGGUNAKAN ADSORBEN BERBASIS SEKAM PADI A.S. Dwi Saptati Nur Hidayati, Juliananda, Bambang Ismuyanto
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol 5, No 3 (2016)
Publisher : Universitas Sumatera Utara

This study reports adsorption of hardness (Ca) onto rice husk-basedadsorben. Characterization of rice husk-based adsorbent was identified by FTIR. Experiments were carried aout with several parametersvariations such as adsorption time (30-180 minutes) and the initial hardness (Ca) concentration (164.8 to 329.6) mg/L. Furthermore, initial study to evaluate the feasibility of adsorbent application was doneusing Langmuir and Freundlichtest. The results showed that hardness (Ca)removalup to 35.98% at a concentration of Na2SO41 M and adsorption time 150 minutes. The adsorption data obtained data were fitted well to Langmuir isotherm model with adsorption capacity of rice husk-based adsorbent was found to be 18.52 mg/g.

PEMBUATAN BIOBRIKET DARI PELEPAH DAN CANGKANG KELAPA SAWIT: PENGARUH VARIASI KOMPOSISI BAHAN BAKU DAN WAKTU KARBONISASI TERHADAP KUALITAS BRIKET Iriany, Cindy Carnella, Cici Novita Sari
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol 5, No 3 (2016)
Publisher : Universitas Sumatera Utara

Briquette was a product of the compaction process of biomass residue used as fuel and it is formed using binder. Briquette from biomass has a high heating value. The quality of briquettes influenced by raw material composition and the time of carbonization. The carbonization process in the manufacture of briquettes could improve heating value and reduce smoke produced from burning briquette. This research is aim to study the effect of variations in the composition of raw materials and carbonization time on the heating value and the characteristics of the resulting briquettes. The materials used are palm fronds, palm shells, starch, used oil, H2SO4 and Tri Ethyl Amine (TEA). The ratios of palm frond and palm shell charcoal in this research is 1: 2, 1: 4, 1: 6 and 1: 8 with variation of carbonization time 30 minutes, 60 minutes, 90 minutes and 120 minutes. The research began with the carbonization process of the raw materials. Then charcoal product of carbonization was pressed using an binder starch and used oil as much as 20% based on the weight of raw materials at the ratio of 1: 1. The best quality from this research is obtained at the ratio palm fronds and oil palm shell 1: 8 with carbonization time of 120 minutes, heating value 15107,138 cal/g, moisture content 6%, ash content of 5,185%, volatile matter 39,226%, fixed carbon 70,955%, density 0,442 g/cm3, burning rate 0,273 g/min, and compressive strength 0,046 N / mm2. The result shows the briquettes produced had a strong structure, it was not easily broken and it was not moldy when stored.

PENGARUH PERBANDINGAN TEMPURUNG KELAPA DAN ECENG GONDOK SERTA VARIASI UKURAN PARTIKEL TERHADAP KARAKTERISTIK BRIKET Iriany, Firman Abednego Sarwedi Sibarani, Meliza
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol 5, No 3 (2016)
Publisher : Universitas Sumatera Utara

This research used raw material water hyacinth and coconut shell. The purpose of this research is to get briquettes with high heating value and to obtain briquettes with good quality. Comparison of the base material mixed water hyacinth and coconut shell in this research is 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, 1:4 with variations in particle size of 10 mesh, 42 mesh and 60 mesh, and using an adhesive tapioca 10% from the weight of raw material. The results of measurement in this research was compared to the quality parameters such as SNI, Japan standard, British, and America. The survey results revealed that the ideal composition made from a mixture of water hyacinth and coconut shell is briquette in comparison 1:4 with particle size 60 mesh and have the highest of heating value is 6.851,3311 cal/g, the lowest ash content is 8,1918%, the lowest of moisture content is 1,0140%, levels of substance evaporates is 13,7890%, the value of density is 0.9836 g/cm3, the firing rate is 2,9x10 -3 g/sec and the compressive strength is 11,3234 kg/cm2. The results are in accordance to SNI, Japan standard, British, and America, while the compression pressure of briquette only accordance to British standard.

PENGARUH SUHU PIROLISIS DAN JUMLAH KATALIS KARBON AKTIF TERHADAP YIELD DAN KUALITAS BAHAN BAKAR CAIR DARI LIMBAH PLASTIK JENIS POLIPROPILENA Rio Nazif, Erlangga Wicaksana, Halimatuddahliana
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol 5, No 3 (2016)
Publisher : Universitas Sumatera Utara

The energy usage in Indonesia generally increase by the population growth, the economic growth and technology. Today, national demands of plastic is quite large and it continues to grow by the population growth. Plastics consumption in Indonesia is about 10 kg per capita annualy. One of the methode to reuse the plastic waste is making it to the liquid fuel by pyrolisis process. It is possible to do because the plastic is consist of monomers which will form the polymer. The purpose of this study is to observe the effect of process variable (process temperature and active carbon catalyst) for yield and the quality of liquid fuel from polypropylene packaging glass plastic waste. Quality parameters that have been analyzed consist of density, specific gravity / API gravity, kinematic viscosity, heating value, Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) characteristic, Gas Chromatography - Mass Spektrofotometer (GC-MS) characteristic, the pyrolisis process was using semi batch stainless steel unstirred reactor. Pyrolysis process was used 500 gram of polypropylene (PP) packaging glass plastic waste. Then carbon active catalyst is added by ratio catalyst : propilene (w/w) were 1 :10; 1,5 : 10 ; 2 : 10 ; 2,5 : 10 ; dan 3 : 10. Temperature variables were 200 °C, 250 °C, 300 °C dan 350 °C and it’s maintained in 2 hours. The last step was condensation, then the quality parameter of liquid product was analysed. From GC-MS analysis, the liquid product of pyrolisis most contains diesel fraction hydrocarbon that is C8 till C21. The pyrolisis temperature which produce the hydrocarbon near the best quality diesel is at 300 °C with ratio active carbon : PP is 10:2, and the analysis to the liquid fuel product claims that the liquid fuel is near to the best quality diesel, which fullfills the standard from commercial diesel.

PENENTUAN BILANGAN IODIN ADSORBEN KULIT JENGKOL DAN APLIKASINYA DALAM PENYERAPAN LOGAM Pb (II) PADA LIMBAH CAIR INDUSTRI PELAPISAN LOGAM Setiaty Pandia, Randi Sitorus
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol 5, No 4 (2016)
Publisher : Universitas Sumatera Utara

The aim of this research is to study the effect of activation processes to iodine number of ngapi nut peel adsorbent and to study the optimum adsorbent mass to reduce metallic lead (Pb) concentration in electroplating wastewater. Ngapi nut peel was cleaned and mashed to a size of 100 mesh of sieve tray and then activated using nitric acid (HNO3) 4 N with specific ratio ngapi nut peel : nitric acid while heated at specific activation temperature and duration. Adsorbent dried in oven at specific temperature and duration of drying. Adsorbent with optimum iodine number then used in batch adsorption that carried out by using variations of mass in 50 mL of wastewater. The results showed that the optimum ratio of ngapi nut peel : nitric acid is 20:1 mg/mL at activation temperature 90°C, duration of activation 120 minutes, drying temperature 110 °C and duration of drying 120 minutes with iodine number 634.50 mg/g. The optimum mass of adsorbent is 1 g with percent of removal 69,19 %.

POTENSI ZEOLIT ALAM DAN CaO DARI CANGKANG TELUR AYAM SEBAGAI KATALIS DALAM PEMBUATAN BIODIESEL DARI TREATED WASTE COOKING OIL Taslim, Meilia, Nike Taruna
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol 5, No 4 (2016)
Publisher : Universitas Sumatera Utara

Biodiesel is an alternative fuel for diesel engines which is produced from either vegetable oils or animal fats. Treated Waste Cooking Oil (TWCO) was the pretreated WCO using activated carbon to reduce the high content of free fatty acid (FFA). The objective of this study was to discover the potential of catalyst which was the mixture of natural zeolite and CaO derived from the chicken eggshells in producing biodiesel with TWCO as feedstock. Chicken eggshells were calcined at the temperature of 1000 oC for 2 hours. Effect of using the catalyst, natural zeolite and CaO, was investigated in this study. The properties of biodiesel such as methyl ester content, density, kinematic viscosity and flash point were evaluated and compared to the Indonesian Standard (SNI). In this study, the biodiesel yield for catalyst of natural zeolite, CaO, and mixture of both were 7,28%; 51,17%; and 87,40% respectively. The biodiesel produced in this study was comparable to the SNI standard and that the addition of natural zeolite could enhance the catalytic activity. Therefore, it is highly potential as low-cost catalyst in producing biodiesel.

PENGARUH WAKTU FERMENTASI DAN KOMPOSISI LIMBAH ECENG GONDOK (Eichhornia crassipes) UNTUK MENGHASILKAN GAS BIO DENGAN METODE HIDROLISA BASA MENGGUNAKAN NATRIUM HIDROKSIDA (NaOH) Setiaty Pandia, Pri Hartini
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol 6, No 1 (2017)
Publisher : Universitas Sumatera Utara

Water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) is a plant that become aquatic waste and its existence has not yet widelyused. The content of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin inside it can be used into biogas through fermentation process.The purpose of this research was to determine the effect of alkali pretreatment methods on the yield biogas volume and Total Suspended Solid (TSS) revomal percentage. The study was did by fermentation process the water hyacinth with NaOH concentration of 2,86; 3;4; and 6,67 (M) with water in ratio hyacinth:water 70:30; 50:50; 30:70 and 100:0 (v/v) mixed with cow dug starter in an anaerobic digester batch system of 2,5 L capacity. In this study the highest biogas production at NaOH concentration 6,67 M was in ratio of 70:30 (v/v) with yield biogas volume 506 mL and TSS revomal percentage of 93,23%. Minimum value of gasbio production concentration of NaOH 3M withwater hyacinth:water ratio 30:70 (v/v) generate yield biogas volume 158 mL and TSS revomal percentage of 81,48%.

PEMANFAATAN GLISERIN DARI RESIDU GLISERIN SEBAGAI PLASTICIZER UNTUK PEMBUATAN BIOPLASTIK DENGAN BAHAN BAKU PATI BONGGOL PISANG KEPOK Azaria Robiana, M. Yashin Nahar, Hamidah Harahap
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol 5, No 4 (2016)
Publisher : Universitas Sumatera Utara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32734/jutek.v5i4.15193

Glycerin residue is waste oleochemical industry that still contain glycerin. To produce quality and maximum quantity of glycerin, then research the effect of pH acidification using phosphoric acid. Glycerin analysis includes the analysis of pH, Fatty Acid and Ester (FAE), and analysis of the levels of glycerin. The maximum yield obtained at pH acidification 2 is grading 91,60% glycerin and Fatty Acid and Ester (FAE) 3,63 meq/100 g. Glycerin obtained is used as a plasticizer in the manufacture of bioplastics. Manufacture of bioplastics using the method of pouring a solution with varying concentrations of starch banana weevil (5% w/v and 7% w/v), variations of the addition of glycerin (1 ml, 3 ml, 5 ml and 7 ml), and a variety of gelatinization temperature (60°C, 70°C, and 80°C). Analysis of bioplastics include FTIR testing, tensile strength that is supported by SEM analysis. The results obtained in the analysis of FTIR does not form a new cluster on bioplastics starch banana weevil, but only a shift in the recharge area only, it is due to the addition of O-H groups originating from water molecules that enter the polysaccharide through a mechanism gelatinitation that generates interaction hydrogen bonding strengthened. The maximum tensile strength of bioplastics produced at a concentration of starch 7% w/v, 1 ml glycerine and gelatinization temperature of 80°C is 3,430 MPa. While the tensile strength bioplastic decreased with increasing glycerin which can be shown from the results of SEM where there is a crack, indentations and lumps of starch insoluble.

PEMBUATAN BIODIESEL DARI MINYAK DEDAK PADI DENGAN REAKSI TRANSESTERIFIKASI MENGGUNAKAN KATALIS HETEROGEN ZEOLIT ALAM YANG DIMODIFIKASI DENGAN KOH Taslim, Sri Zahrani Dwi Mauliyah Parinduri, Putri Retno Wahyu Ningsih
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol 6, No 1 (2017)
Publisher : Universitas Sumatera Utara

Biodiesel was usually produced from transesterification using alchohol. In this research rice bran oil was used as feedstock and methanol was used as reagent. The transesterification of rice bran oil had studied using KOH/natural zeolite as a solid heterogeneous catalyst. The objective of this study was to discover the effectivess of using natural zeolite modified by KOH as heterogeneous catalysts in the production of biodiesel from rice bran oil (RBO). KOH/natural zeolite catalyst was prepared by modification through impregnation method which was conducted on various KOH concentration (75 gram/100 ml – 175 gram/100 ml). Transesterification reaction was conducted at 60 ºC, 500 rpm, and various amount of catalyst (2-4%), reaction time (1,5-3,5 hour) and molar ratio alcohol/oil (8:1-12:1). The highest yield of biodiesel was 98,71%, which was obtained by using 2% catalyst, reaction time 2 hour, molar ratio alcohol/oil 10:1. Natural zeolite as heterogeneous catalyst which modified by KOH could get the higher yield biodiesel on transesterification.

EKSTRAKSI ASAP CAIR DARI PELEPAH KELAPA SAWIT MENGGUNAKAN PELARUT ETIL ASETAT DAN HEKSANA Seri Maulina, Fakhradila, Nurtahara
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol 7, No 2 (2018)
Publisher : Universitas Sumatera Utara

The compounds in the liquid smoke can be extracted using a polar and non polar solvent. Polar and non polar solvents are often used for the extraction of phenol compounds from plants. Extraction of compounds in liquid smoke was performed by using ethyl acetate (polar) and hexane (non polar) solvents at 40°C, 55°C and 70°C with 60 minutes, 120 minutes, 180 minutes. The highest yield of ethyl acetate solvent was obtained at 70oC and the extraction time for 3 hours was 66% and the lowest was at 40oC and the extraction time for 1 hour was 30%. While on hexane solvent the highest rendement value was obtained at 70oC and the extraction time for 3 hours was 58% and the lowest was at 40oC and the extraction time for 1 hour was 12 %.

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