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JILS (Journal of Indonesian Legal Studies)
Published by Universitas Negeri Semarang
ISSN : -     EISSN : 25481592     DOI : https://doi.org/10.15294/jils
Core Subject : Social,
Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice
JILS (Journal of Indonesian Legal Studies) is a peer reviewed journal published biannual (May and November) by Faculty of Law, Universitas Negeri Semarang. JILS published both Printed and Online version (Print ISSN 2548-1584, Online ISSN 2548-1592). JILS is intended to be the journal for publishing of results of research on law both empirical and normative study, especially in contemporary legal issues. The various topics but not limited to, criminal law, constitutional law, private law, economic law, human rights law, international law, tax law, Islamic law, customary law, commercial business law, environmental law, street law, legal education, maritime law, trade law, in the framework of Indonesian legal systems and Indonesian legal studies.
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Sosial - Hukum
Articles 75 Documents
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From Monopoly to Machine-opoly: Rethinking Market Regulations for Autonomous AI Agents Anna Maria Tri Anggraini; Ahmad Sabirin; Jimi Rambo Arranchado
Journal of Indonesian Legal Studies Vol. 11 No. 1 (2026): Contemporary Legal Responses to Technological, Economic, and Social Change
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/jils.v11i1.38477

Abstract

The paper examines the effectiveness and relevance of business competition law in regulating market dynamics in the AI era, and formulates an adaptive regulatory framework that aligns technological developments with the principles of justice and accountability. The method used is a normative-legal-research method with a qualitative approach. The paper's findings are that in the digital era driven by AI, the paradigm of business competition is undergoing a fundamental transformation that demands a profound reflection on existing legal principles. The phenomenon of machine-opoly, monopolies generated by autonomous AI agents, challenges traditional concepts of fair competition. This issue underscores the tension between technological innovation as a force for value creation and the need for fairness and balance in the market. From a theoretical perspective, AI presents non-human actors running complex algorithms, which opens up space for collusion and market domination practices that are difficult to detect and control by conventional regulation. The emergence of machine-opoly transformed traditional monopolies into dominance based on algorithms, data, and autonomous artificial intelligence. Through the TFEU and AI Act, the EU has integrated transparency and accountability into competition law, followed by the US, the UK, Australia, and China with similar adaptive measures. Indonesia, through Law No. 5 of 1999, still faces limitations in regulating algorithmic behavior. Therefore, regulatory reforms that emphasize algorithmic transparency and supervisory capacity are essential to maintain the fairness and innovation of digital markets.
Para-Diplomacy in the Protection of Indonesian Migrant Workers A Study on the Policy of East Java Province Budi Raharjo; Arie Fitria; Vesela Radovic; Adibah Sayyidati; Himawan Estu Bagijo
Journal of Indonesian Legal Studies Vol. 11 No. 1 (2026): Contemporary Legal Responses to Technological, Economic, and Social Change
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/jils.v11i1.40112

Abstract

From 2019 to 2024, East Java remained Indonesia’s largest contributor of Indonesian Migrant Workers (PMI) and received the Indonesian Migrant Worker Award for six consecutive years. Despite this achievement, PMI continue to face human trafficking, violence, labor rights violations, and digital scam exploitation. These challenges are compounded by budget constraints and overlapping responsibilities between central and regional governments. This study examines the role of the East Java Provincial Government in PMI placement and protection through the perspectives of para-diplomacy and multi-level governance. Using a qualitative approach, data were collected through in-depth interviews and document analysis, emphasizing collaboration among government institutions, non-state actors, diaspora communities, and civil society. The findings show that effective migrant worker protection depends on multi-level and multi-actor collaboration. Triangulation involving political actors, government agencies, diaspora organizations, and NGOs reveals a persistent gap between formal regulations, including Law No. 18/2017 and Local Regulation No. 2/2022, and their implementation. Nevertheless, several good practices have emerged, such as integrated one-stop services, helpdesks, mobile information units, Village Migration Regulations, and Productive Migrant Villages. Community-based coordination has also strengthened legal advocacy, repatriation, and migration literacy. Based on these findings, the study proposes a Hybrid Community-Based Protection System that integrates state mechanisms with community and diaspora networks through a bottom-up approach. The research contributes to para-diplomacy and legal pluralism theories by highlighting non-state actors as key agents in migration literacy, legal protection, and socio-economic empowerment, while offering practical recommendations for regional policy innovation, cross-sector coordination, and digitalized migrant worker protection systems.
Halal Certification: The Gap between Administrative Compliance and Consumer Protection Nurul Fibrianti; R. Benny Riyanto; Ubaedul Mustofa; Shopia Clara Beauty Kusumawardhani; Anik Novita
Journal of Indonesian Legal Studies Vol. 11 No. 1 (2026): Contemporary Legal Responses to Technological, Economic, and Social Change
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/jils.v11i1.41884

Abstract

Halal certification in Indonesia is regulated under Law No. 33 of 2014 on Halal Product Guarantee (Jaminan Produk Halal, JPH). Initially voluntary, certification is now mandatory for all products circulated, marketed, and traded in Indonesia. This study analyzes Indonesia's halal certification policy from a consumer protection law perspective. Although current policies emphasize increasing the number of halal-certified businesses, oversight of halal production through the self-declaration mechanism relies largely on the honesty of business actors, creating risks of Sharia compliance violations and undermining consumers' spiritual rights. The research employs a normative-empirical legal approach. Secondary data were obtained from the JPH Law, its implementing regulations, and the Consumer Protection Law, while primary data were collected through field research involving business actors. The findings show that despite mandatory certification requirements, compliance remains low and law enforcement is weak. The study contributes by examining legal harmonization and enforcement effectiveness in safeguarding Muslim consumers' right to halal products. From a consumer protection perspective, the current halal certification regime does not fully meet the standards required under the Consumer Protection Law. The self-declaration mechanism weakens consumer protection by reducing regulatory oversight and prioritizing ease of doing business over rigorous certification. Moreover, the absence of strict liability provisions and compensation for immaterial or spiritual losses indicates that halal regulation is still treated primarily as an economic instrument rather than a mechanism for protecting fundamental consumer rights. At the UMKM level, implementation often reflects pseudo-compliance, with halal labels used mainly as marketing tools rather than evidence of genuine Sharia compliance.
Sustainability of Slum-Free Outcomes: Assessing Legal Durability and Administrative Capacity in Decentralized Central Java Martitah Martitah; Saru Arifin; Natal Kristiono; Tegar Islami Putra; Nizam Alfarisi
Journal of Indonesian Legal Studies Vol. 11 No. 1 (2026): Contemporary Legal Responses to Technological, Economic, and Social Change
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/jils.v11i1.45480

Abstract

The elimination of all slums in Indonesia was specified in the country's National Development Plan for 2015-2019. This program sought to realize the UN-HABITAT City Without Slums (CWS) goal within the framework of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). In accordance with the objective of the CWS, this case study focuses on Central Java, one of Indonesia's decentralized governments with a significant slums issue. This article argues that implementing CWS (‘Kota Tanpa Kumuh’-KOTAKU) under decentralized government parallels the nation's early slum eradication initiatives, which primarily focused on the physical program and lacked the difficulties associated with slums. The partial success of the KOTAKU program is attributable to the limited government initiatives in slums. In this case, the local regulation (Peraturan Daerah, Perda) and the slums budget are the critical factors limiting the local government intervention. With library research method, this research proposes incorporating private enterprises, non-governmental organizations, and universities into slum improvement programs.
Is Indonesia Ready? A Legal and Policy Interrogation of Outcome-Based Academic Services for Accelerated Students with Disabilities Rodiyah Rodiyah; Waspiah Waspiah; Bayangsari Wedhatami; Runjati Runjati
Journal of Indonesian Legal Studies Vol. 11 No. 1 (2026): Contemporary Legal Responses to Technological, Economic, and Social Change
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/jils.v11i1.48626

Abstract

This study critically examines Indonesia’s readiness to implement outcome-based education (OBE) in academic services for accelerated students with disabilities, situating the analysis within national legal frameworks and the global commitment to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly SDG 4 on inclusive and equitable quality education. Indonesia has formally recognized the right to inclusive education through key legal instruments, including Law No. 8 of 2016 on Persons with Disabilities and Law No. 12 of 2012 on Higher Education, which mandate accessibility and non-discrimination in educational provision. However, a persistent gap remains between these normative commitments and their practical implementation in higher education institutions. Employing a normative juridical method combined with conceptual and policy analysis, this research evaluates the extent to which existing regulations support the operationalization of OBE in inclusive academic services. The findings reveal that although Indonesian legal frameworks provide a general mandate for disability inclusion, they lack specific and enforceable standards for integrating OBE principles—such as measurable learning outcomes, adaptive assessment systems, and institutional accountability mechanisms—particularly within acceleration programs. This regulatory ambiguity contributes to fragmented implementation and limits the achievement of equitable educational outcomes, thereby constraining Indonesia’s progress toward SDG 4 targets. This article argues that Indonesia is not yet fully prepared to align its higher education system with both OBE principles and SDG commitments without substantial legal and policy reform. Strengthening regulatory coherence, embedding disability-sensitive outcome indicators, and enhancing institutional compliance mechanisms are essential to bridging the gap between rights and results. This study contributes to legal scholarship by linking national regulatory frameworks with global development agendas, offering pathways toward a more inclusive and globally competitive higher education system.

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