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INDONESIA
Atom Indonesia Journal
Published by Badan Tenaga Nuklir Nasional
ISSN : -     EISSN : -     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science,
Materials Science & Nanotechnology
Exist for publishing the results of research and development in nuclear science and technology Starting for 2010 Atom Indonesia published three times a year in April, August, and December The scope of this journal covers experimental and analytical research in all areas of nuclear science and technology. including nuclear physics, reactor physics, radioactive waste treatment, fuel element development, radioisotopes and radio pharmaceutical engineering, nuclear and radiation safety, neutron scattering, material science and technology, as well as utilization of isotopes and radiation in agriculture, industry, health and environment.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 452 Documents
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Correlations Between Body Weight and Size-Specific Dose Estimate on Thoracic Computed Tomography Examination A. L. Wati; C. Anam; A. Nitasari; S Syarifudin; G. Dougherty
Atom Indonesia Vol 48, No 1 (2022): April 2022
Publisher : PPIKSN-BATAN

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17146/aij.2022.1114

Abstract

The dose received by a patient on CT examination is expressed in size-specific dose estimates (SSDE) which is a function of the patient diameter, x-ray attenuation, and scanner output (volume computed tomography dose index, CTDIvol). Patient diameter and x-ray attenuation are represented as water equivalent diameter (Dw). We conducted the research to analyze the relationships between body weight and Dw, CTDIvol, and size-specific dose estimates (SSDE) in contrast-enhanced thorax examinations. We used images from 100 patients (50 women and 50 men patients) whose weight range from 2.8 kg to 80 kg. The values of Dw, CTDIvol, and SSDE were automatically calculated from axial CT images using the IndoseCT software. Statistical analysis showed that the patient's body weight correlates linearly with the Dw. The linearity coefficient (R2) values for body weight and Dw is 0.43 (women) and 0.55 (men). However, weight was independent of the patient dose in terms of CTDIvol and SSDE. This was because the CT system used tube current modulation (TCM), which automatically adapted the tube current to patient size, resulting in a relatively constant dose regardless of the patient size (Dw).
The Effects of High Level Natural Radiation in Mamuju - Indonesia on the Immune System of Its Residents D Darlina; T. Rahardjo; H. N. E. Surniyantoro; N. Rahajeng; M. Syaifudin
Atom Indonesia Vol 48, No 1 (2022): April 2022
Publisher : PPIKSN-BATAN

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17146/aij.2022.1118

Abstract

The immune system is one of the most significant defenses against environmental insults including natural radiation. The purpose of this preliminary study was to assess the effects of high natural radiation to Mamuju residents, by focusing on immune-related blood cell counts (leukocytes, lymphocytes, monocytes, and granulocytes) and immunoglobulin E (IgE) level. The blood samples were collected from 18 adult residents in a high background radiation area (HBRA) while 18 residents in a normal background radiation area (NBRA) served as a control group. The blood components were measured by using the hematopoietic analyzer, and IgE immune biomarker was measured with ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) according to standard protocols. The data showed that the level of all blood cells, except for monocytes, of residents in HBRA was higher than that of NBRA. Statistical analysis revealed that there was no significant difference (P>0.05) in the blood cell counts and IgE level in both groups and their values were within normal limits. The level of IgE in HBRA was significantly higher than the control area (P≤0.05), as its IgE level in males compared to females in both residents. The relationship between IgE level and age were negative in these residents. From this study, it was concluded that long-term exposure to high radiation may affect the immune system as one of radiation adaptive response.
A Study on Radiation Hazard of Granite and Marble Widely Used in Jordan Using Gamma Ray Spectrometer A. N. Akour; S. Shakhatreh
Atom Indonesia Vol 48, No 1 (2022): April 2022
Publisher : PPIKSN-BATAN

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17146/aij.2022.1184

Abstract

Granite and marble are widely used in building construction, so possible radioactive nuclides inside them may contribute to the exposure dose to human health. The purpose of this study was to investigate the natural radioactivity concentration and assess the radiological risk limits and health care. The samples of marble and granite were pulverized into small, fine, smooth pieces and counted with the GAMMA-X (GMX) spectrometer to measure the radioactivity concentrations of 238U, 232Th, and 40K. The radiological dose, internal and external hazards, and radium equivalent activity were calculated with a standard formula. The results showed that the radioactive concentrations of 238U, 232Th, and 40K in granite were higher than those in marble. The external hazard for granite samples was below unity, while its internal hazard exceeded unity. The radium equivalent activity did not exceed the critical legal level of 370 Bq/kg as a safe level. For marble, the external and internal hazards and radium equivalent activities showed good agreement with the safe construction level. Its external and internal hazards were less than unity, whereas the radium equivalent activities were less than the critical legal level.
Systematic Projected Shell Model Study of Even-Even Dysprosium Isotopes H. Aghahasani; S. Mohammadi; Z. Sajjadi
Atom Indonesia Vol 48, No 1 (2022): April 2022
Publisher : PPIKSN-BATAN

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17146/aij.2022.1190

Abstract

Back-bending phenomenon is one of the important phenomena usually seen at high spin states of even - even heavy nuclei. As a result, any changes in the behavior of nuclear rotation, such as increase in moment of inertia versus rotational frequency can be shown in the usual back-bending plots which have been studied in many papers before. In this paper we show for the first time that these changes  can be seen in the  ratio of electromagnetic reduced transition probabilities B (E2) and B (M1) in even - even 152-164Dy isotopes using the Projected Shell Model (PSM) theory. The electric quadrupole transition probability B (E2) and the magnetic dipole transition probability B (M1) moments are sensitive to nuclear shape deformation and nuclear charge distribution, respectively. Our findings confirm the well-known back-bending previously seen and are in good agreement with experimental results. While intrinsic quadrupole moments are constant for each Dy isotope, the new findings show that spectroscopic quadrupole moments are increasing with spin.
Cover Atom Indonesia Vol 48 No 1 cover48no1 cover48no1
Atom Indonesia Vol 48, No 1 (2022): April 2022
Publisher : PPIKSN-BATAN

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17146/aij.2022.1238

Abstract

In Vitro Release of Metformin HCl from Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) - Gelatin Hydrogels Prepared by Gamma Irradiation H Hariyanti; E Erizal; E. Mustikarani; I. Lestari; F. Lukitowati
Atom Indonesia Vol 48, No 1 (2022): April 2022
Publisher : PPIKSN-BATAN

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17146/aij.2022.1123

Abstract

The aim of this present work is to use polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) – gelatin-based  hydrogel prepared by γ-rays irradiation with different gelatin concentrations ranging from 0.5 - 2 %w/v for immobilization of Metformin HCl (MH) at dose range of 0 - 30 mg. The mixture were freezed-thawed for 3 cycles, irradiated using  γ-rays with sterilization dose at 25 kGy (dose rates 5 kGy/h). Gel fraction and water absorption were determined gravimetrically. The surface morphology of hydrogels were observed using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). In vitro release of MH were taken using UV-Vis spectrophotometer. After evaluated, it was found that with increasing gelatin concentrations, gel fraction increases and water absorption decreases. With increasing gelatin concentration and drug dosage, the cumulative drug released decreases. From SEM observation, the hydrogel had a heterogeneous porous. The hydrogel based on PVA-gelatin can be considered as a matrix for controlled drug release and safe for humans since both PVA and gelatin are non-toxic.
Radiation-Induced Degradation of Pirimiphos Methyl in Aerated Solution Hendig Winarno; Agustin N; M. Bagyo; Winarti A. Lindu; Ermin K. Winarno
Atom Indonesia Vol 30, No 2 (2004): July 2004
Publisher : PPIKSN-BATAN

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17146/aij.2004.213

Abstract

Degradation of pirimiphos methyl (1) as an active ingredient in Minawet insecticide 250 EC formulation in aqueous solution was studied. The absorbance, pH, COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand) in aerated solution, and the analyses of degradation products at various irradiation doses with dose rate of 5 kGy/h were observed. The absorbance decreased rapidly at low doses (£ 10 kGy), while at high doses (> 10 kGy) decreased slowly. The optimum irradiation dose for pirimiphos methyl degradation in aerated solution was found to be 15 kGy at pH 3.6. At that condition, more than 99% of pirimiphos methyl has been degraded and the COD of solution decreased about 82%. The analysis of irradiated samples by GC-MS and HPLC showed that 2-diethylamino-6-methyl-4-oxo-3,4-dihydropyrimidine (3) and oxalic acid were clarified as degraded products
Geothermal Reservoir Characterization for Steam Field Management in Kamojang Geothermal Field-West Java Z. Abidin; R. Prasetio; Prayoto Prayoto
Atom Indonesia Vol 35, No 1 (2009): January 2009
Publisher : PPIKSN-BATAN

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17146/aij.2009.46

Abstract

Kamojang is the first geothermal field in Indonesia with a vapor dominated system reservoir. Kamojang has been exploited for over 20 years producing about 1100 tons/hour of steam which is equivalent to 140 Mwe electricity energy. This research is aimed to study the reservoir character after 20 years of exploitation and to investigate the effect of reinjection as a artificial recharge for steam input in the future and also the nature of secondary processes in the reservoir using isotope geochemistry tools. The research is conducted by natural isotopes (18O, 2H and 3H) analysis of many sources of water (meteoric, cold spring, fumaroles and shallow groundwater) in the surrounding of Kamojang field and also fluid reservoir to establish fluid reservoir origins and isotopic composition. Gas analysis and isotopes monitoring on the 25 production wells have been conducted every 2-3 years intervals for more than 10 years to investigate the effect of exploitation to the reservoir performance. Tritium radiotracer test with 370 GBq (10 Ci) activity was conducted at the KMJ 15 reinjection well to determine qualitatively and quantitatively the flow of reinjection water to its surrounding producing well (KMJ 11, 14, 17, 18, 26, 17 and 30). Data interpretation and evaluation to determine reinjection water mass recovery and cooling prediction modeling were conducted using ICEBOX program package (TRINV and TRCOOL). Interpretation and evaluation of data concluded that reservoir fluid of Kamojang geothermal field was originated from meteoric water which infiltrated through fault structures at elevation of 1350 m –1650 m above sea level. There is no evidence that the fluid was originated from magmatic water. Reservoir fluid moved both laterally and vertically (deep fluid) with lateral fluid movement from west to the east. The isotope data analysis indicated there is water entry in west-northwest reservoir boundary. Water entry gradually moved from northwest to the southeast (through wells of KMJ 42, 40, 27, 26 and 28). Exploitation effect to ten of the observation wells shows a decrease in w/r ratio and liquid saturation from 35 % in the beginning to about 20,5 % on the average after 20 years of operation. Evaluation with TRINV and TRCOOL program shows that 13,5 % of water reinjected into KMJ 15 reinjection well was recovered in the surrounding production wells. The program model of the reservoir temperature cooling shows that water reinjection with flow rate of 10 kg/sec is very save. After 20 years of reinjection activity, the model predicts a production wells will be cooling of about 6.8oC.Received: 15 January 2009; Revised: 1 May 2009; Accepted: 5 May 2009
The use of Micronucleus Assay on Swiss-Webster Mice (Mus Musculus) Bone Marrow for the Mutagenicity Test of γ-Irradiation R. Sofyan; Y. Sumpena; M. Lukita; A. Fitrisari
Atom Indonesia Vol 31, No 2 (2005): July 2005
Publisher : PPIKSN-BATAN

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17146/aij.2005.365

Abstract

Ionizing  radiation is a potentially chromosomal damaging agent. The induction of chromosomal damage as well as the incidence of cell cycle disturbances may depend on the dose of irradiation. One of the indication of chromosomal damage is the formation of micronucleus (MN) during the anaphase of mitosis. This study deals with the MN assay on femur bone marrow polychromatic erythrocyte (PCE) cells of  Swiss-Webster mice, for the mutagenicity test of g-irradiation. The study was conducted on five groups of mice (each group consist of five mice) that were irradiated at the doses of 0; 0,2; 0,4; 0,6 and 0,8 Gy respectively. One day after irradiation, the mice were killed by cervical dislocation. Furthermore the femur bone marrow was taken, the cells were then prepared by smear technique onto slides followed by Giemsa staining. The MN in PCE cells or MNPCE were examined microscopically by the magnification of 1000 and counted for every 1000 cells in each mice. The results showed that the MNPCE frequencies on the treatment groups were significantly higher than that of the control (P< 0,05). Further evaluation indicated that the MNPCE frequencies increased with the increase of irradiation dose.
The Contribution of Azolla and Urea in Lowland Rice Growth Production for Three Consecutive Seasons EL. Sisworo; H. Rasjid; Haryanto Haryanto; Idawati Idawati
Atom Indonesia Vol 34, No 1 (2008): January 2008
Publisher : PPIKSN-BATAN

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17146/aij.2008.87

Abstract

Three field experiments have been carried out in three consecutive seasons namely wet season (120 days), dry season (120 days), wet season (120 days) at Pusakanegara. The purpose of this experiment is to test whether urea combined with Azolla could increase lowland rice production and soil quality. The experimental plots have a size of 20 m2 and in each experimental plot an isotope plot was placed with a size of 1 m2. The isotope plots were used to apply labeled 15N urea. Treatments conducted were lowland varieties: Atomita I (V1) and IR-64 (V2); several levels of urea and Azolla : Pu1 = urea-tablets + an Azolla cover (Azc), Pu2 = urea-tablets + Azolla incorporated (Azi ), Pu3 = urea-prill + Azc , Pu4 = urea-prill + Azi; seasons : Ss 1 = wet season, Ss2 = dry season, Ss3 = wet season. The experimental design used was a factorial experiment in a Randomized Block Design, where each treatment was replicated four times. Parameters used were, dry weight of straw (St), grain (G), plant (P1 = St + G) in kg/ha; N-total percentage (% N-to) of St and G, percentage N-derived from urea + Az (% N-Pu) of St and G; percentage N-derived from soil (% N-S) of St and G; uptake of N-Pu and N-S in St, G and P1. Some results of these experiment were, N-Pu play a less important role in growth of lowland crop expressed in several parameters compared to N-soil. The form of N-urea in tablets are superior to that the form of urea in prills. For the last product of lowland rice which is grain obviously V1 (Atomita-1) is better than V2 (IR-64) expressed in t/ha. The progress of seasons showed clearly that there is an N accumulation which might be the increase of soil organic matter (SOM) and that means there is an increase in soil quality in the view point of N.

Page 26 of 46 | Total Record : 452

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