Atom Indonesia Journal
Exist for publishing the results of research and development in nuclear science and technology
Starting for 2010 Atom Indonesia published three times a year in April, August, and December
The scope of this journal covers experimental and analytical research in all areas of nuclear science and technology. including nuclear physics, reactor physics, radioactive waste treatment, fuel element development, radioisotopes and radio pharmaceutical engineering, nuclear and radiation safety, neutron scattering, material science and technology, as well as utilization of isotopes and radiation in agriculture, industry, health and environment.
Articles
452 Documents
<![CDATA[Preparation of Sulfonated Poly (ethylene-co-tetrafluoroethylene-graft-styrene) Based Polymer Electrolyte Membranes for Fuel Cell by using Gamma Irradiation Technique ]]>
<![CDATA[A. Suliwarno]]>
<![CDATA[ Atom Indonesia Vol 38, No 1 (2012): April 2012 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[PPIKSN-BATAN ]]>
Show Abstract
|
Download Original
|
Original Source
|
Check in Google Scholar
|
DOI: 10.17146/aij.2012.134
<![CDATA[Poly (ethylene-co-tetrafluoroethylene-graft-styrene-sulfonate) was successfully prepared by irradiation grafting of a styrene monomer into ethylenetetrafluoro-ethylene (ETFE) films and followed by sulfonation of the graft chains. Five film sheets of ETFE which having a size of 3 cm x 8 cm, thickness of 25 µm were packed in vacuum using a Y type tube filled with argon gas. The samples were irradiated using γ-rays with a dose of 15 kGy at 15 kGy/h. The iradiated samples were grafted by using styrene monomer at 60o C for 1, 3, 5, 7 and 9 h, respectively. The grafted samples (ETFE-g-St) were washed with xylene to remove homopolymer of polystyrene, and then its degree of grafting (DG) was determined. Sulfonation was carried out by using 0.2 M chlorosulfonic acid in dichloroethane solution at a water bath of 60oC for 6 h. Sulfonated samples (ETFE-g-St-SO3H) were washed with water to neutralize its acidity, and dried in a vacuum drier at 40oC for 15 h. The dried sample was weighed as sulfonated sample in order to determine the degree of sulfonation (%DS). Membrane properties of EFTE-g-St-SO3H sample such as ion exchange capacity (IEC), proton conductivity in cross direction (σ1), and in-plane direction (σ11) were determined by using a HIOKI-3522 LCR HI tester. Durability test of samples were conducted in hot water and 3% H2O2 respectively.. The proton conductivity measurement and durability of the membrane were compared to Nafion 112® as standard. The experimental results showed that the degree of grafting was increased with time of reaction for copolymerization, while %DS gave excellent results with an average of 92.7%. The IEC value was more affected by the %DG as compared to that of %DS effect. The average of σl value of the sample was 0.055 S/cm, compared to σ1 of Nafion112® that was 0.066 S/cm. The average of σ11 of the sample was 0.18 S/cm, while the σ11 of Nafion 112® was = 0.36 S/cm. The sample of SA004 with 53.49% DG was more stable than both the SA001 (21.48%DG) and SA003 (41.52% DG) in durability’s test of the samples against hot water (334 h resistance). On the peroxides test, all of samples were degraded at 114 h. Received: 20 November 2011; Revised: 28 March 2012; Accepted: 30 April 2012]]>
<![CDATA[Clinical Application of Renograph IR-03 for the Hospital ]]>
<![CDATA[R. Isaris]]>;
<![CDATA[J. Sumanto]]>;
<![CDATA[Suharni Suharni]]>;
<![CDATA[P. Bagaswoto]]>;
<![CDATA[E. Purwanti]]>
<![CDATA[ Atom Indonesia Vol 38, No 2 (2012): August 2012 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[PPIKSN-BATAN ]]>
Show Abstract
|
Download Original
|
Original Source
|
Check in Google Scholar
|
DOI: 10.17146/aij.2012.166
<![CDATA[The renography using renograph is one of clinical modality to investigate the renal function among other such as laboratory medical check up and X-rays. The prototype of renograph IR-03 designed by BATAN has been constructed and the laboratory tests as well as clinical tests have been carried out at PRPN-BATAN Serpong and General Hospital Dr. Sardjito Jogyakarta, respectively. Cost associated with the clinical use of renograph at the hospital are analyzed according to the two major components: radiopharmaceutical cost and the use of equipment. Annual cost of operational of renograph by estimate number of patient is about 2,000 is IDR. 30.0 millions for radiopharmaceutical 131Iodine. Total Direct Cost is about IDR. 212.5 millions and the Capital Cost for one unit renograph is IDR. 250 millions. The Break Event Point of invest one unit renograph is 1194 procedures (0.597%), or about IDR. 209,475 millions, which the cost for each procedure is IDR. 85,000.-. This value is depending on several variables, especially number of procedure can be reached. The cash flow analyses by Rate of Return (ROR) showed that the value of i* is 22.6% is much greater than the value of MARR or saving rate of interest in the Bank now is about < 10%. The Payback Period calculation to see on how interesting the investment of renograph and its prospect for application in the hospitals showed about 1.818 years, that is good prospect economically. Received: 28 April 2011; Revised: 03 July 2012; Accepted: 07 July 2012]]>
<![CDATA[Biodistribution and Imaging of The 99mTc-Glutathione Radiopharmaceutical in White Rats Induced with Cancer ]]>
<![CDATA[H. Wongso]]>;
<![CDATA[N. Zainuddin]]>;
<![CDATA[Iswahyudi Iswahyudi]]>
<![CDATA[ Atom Indonesia Vol 39, No 3 (2013): December 2013 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[PPIKSN-BATAN ]]>
Show Abstract
|
Download Original
|
Original Source
|
Check in Google Scholar
|
DOI: 10.17146/aij.2013.250
<![CDATA[99mTc-glutathione (99mTc-GSH) is a radiopharmaceuticalwhich is potentially used as a cancer diagnostic kit. As with other radiopharmaceuticals, before applied in humans, including in clinical trials, 99mTc-GSH needs to go through a series of preclinical trials in animal first. The preclinical trial which has been done in this study is the evaluation of the biological test on biodistribution and imaging of white rats (Rattus norvegicus) which had been induced with cancer. The aims of this research were to obtain data on biodistribution and to image the biodistribution of 99mTc-GSH at 1 hour, 3 hours, and 24 hours post-injection. Biodistribution resultsof 99mTc-GSHin the cancer at the timesof 1 hour, 3 hours, and 24 hours after injection were 0.66% ID/g, 0.95% ID/g, and 0.06% ID/g, respectively. This result shows that the highest accumulation of 99mTc-GSH in canceroccur at 3 hours post-injection. This value indicates that the optimal accumulation of the 99mTc-GSH occur in this time interval.In addition, the results of imaging test also show that the accumulation capacity of 99mTc-GSHin cancer is also highest at 3 hours post-injection.Received:16 January 2013; Revised:15 October 2013; Accepted: 16 October 2013]]>
<![CDATA[Dosimetric Assessment of Routine X-Ray Examination at Selected Health Clinics in Perak Using Commercialized Optically-Stimulated Luminescence Dosimeter (OSLD) ]]>
<![CDATA[M. T. Saidin]]>;
<![CDATA[A. A. Rahman]]>;
<![CDATA[H. H. Harun]]>;
<![CDATA[Y. M. Radzi]]>;
<![CDATA[C. Anam]]>;
<![CDATA[Z. Kayun]]>
<![CDATA[ Atom Indonesia Vol 47, No 3 (2021): December 2021 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[PPIKSN-BATAN ]]>
Show Abstract
|
Download Original
|
Original Source
|
Check in Google Scholar
|
DOI: 10.17146/aij.2021.1110
<![CDATA[This study aims to compare entrance surface dose (ESD) values measured with nanoDot Al2O3:C optically-stimulated luminescence dosimeter (OSLD) and guidance level set under the second national dose survey which utilized old-version LiF:Mg,Ti thermoluminescence dosimeter (TLD). In this study, we conducted a dosimetric assessment for posteroanterior chest X-ray (PA-CXR) examinations performed at various community clinics in Perak, Malaysia. These clinics were selected as they were excluded from the first and second national dose survey conducted in Malaysia in 1993-1995 and 2005-2009, respectively. The ESD is obtained by mounting the OSLD on the surface of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) slabs. The PMMA slabs were then exposed to X-ray based on the current practice of respective clinics. The results show that the 3rd quartile of ESDs ranged from 0.180 mGy to 0.229 mGy which is less than the recommended guidance level of the second national dose survey by 77 %. ESD measured using OSLD was found to be lower than the guidance values recommended from the second national dose survey. The finding showed a good competency of the radiographer to optimize radiological practice specifically in routine X-ray examination.]]>
<![CDATA[Reliability Study of the Liquid Target Chamber for 18F Production at the BATAN’s Cyclotron Facilities ]]>
<![CDATA[I. Kambali]]>;
<![CDATA[T. Heryanto]]>;
<![CDATA[Rajiman Rajiman]]>;
<![CDATA[S. Ichwan]]>
<![CDATA[ Atom Indonesia Vol 37, No 1 (2011): April 2011 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[PPIKSN-BATAN ]]>
Show Abstract
|
Download Original
|
Original Source
|
Check in Google Scholar
|
DOI: 10.17146/aij.2011.69
<![CDATA[The liquid target chamber for 18F production at the Cyclotron Division, Centre for Radioisotopes and Radiopharmaceuticals (PRR) of the National Nuclear Energy Agency of Indonesia (BATAN) has been analysed for its reliability in enduring high pressures and heat transfer requirements during proton beam bombardment as well as the recommended irradiation parameters for effective 18F production. The target chamber was subject to house the 18O-enriched water bombarded with high energy proton beam to produce 18F. A range of SRIM-computer simulations have also been conducted to calculate the ranges of several energetic proton beams (of up to 20 MeV) into pure water target. A study of radioactive impurities which might be produced from the proton-irradiated chamber’s materials was also included based on some references. Due to concern over the heat produced during target irradiation, a heat transfer analysis - particularly for the target’s cavity - was also included in the presented studies to obtain a brief preliminary calculation of the heating impacts prior to irradiation tests. The calculation was performed for various proton beam currents and energies of up to 30 μA and 20 MeV respectively. It was found that the chamber was reliable for production of 18F from proton irradiated-18O enriched-water target by maintaining the chamber’s pressure of up to 3.6 bar if the proton beam current was kept below 16 μA for all energies or the proton beam energy was kept to or below 10 MeV for any employed beam currents. The overall heat transfer coefficient was also found to depend on the power deposited into the water target. Received: 25 June 2010; Revised: 20 March 2011; Accepted: 08 April 2011]]>
<![CDATA[The Prospect of Neutron Scattering In the 21st Century: A Powerful Tool for Materials Research ]]>
<![CDATA[E. Kartini]]>
<![CDATA[ Atom Indonesia Vol 33, No 2 (2007): July 2007 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[PPIKSN-BATAN ]]>
Show Abstract
|
Download Original
|
Original Source
|
Check in Google Scholar
|
DOI: 10.17146/aij.2007.108
<![CDATA[Over the last 60 years research reactors (RRs) have played an important role in technological and socio-economical development of mankind, such as radioisotope production for medicine, industry, research and education. Neutron scattering has been widely used for research and development in materials science. The prospect of neutron scattering as a powerful tool for materials research is increasing in the 21st century. This can be seen from the investment of several new neutron sources all over the world such as the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) in USA, the Japan Proton Accelerator Complex (JPARC) in Japan, the new OPAL Reactor in Australia, and some upgrading to the existing sources at ISIS, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, UK; Institute of Laue Langevin (ILL) in Grenoble, France and Berlin Reactor, Germany. Developing countries with moderate flux research reactor have also been involved in this technique, such as India, Malaysia and Indonesia. The Siwabessy Multipurpose Reactor in Serpong, Indonesia that also produces thermal neutron has contributed to the research and development in the Asia Pacific Region. However, the international joint research among those countries plays an important role on optimizing the results.]]>
<![CDATA[Model Validation of Radiocaesium Transfer from Soil to Leafy Vegetables ]]>
<![CDATA[P. Sukmabuana]]>;
<![CDATA[P.I. Tjahaja]]>
<![CDATA[ Atom Indonesia Vol 38, No 1 (2012): April 2012 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[PPIKSN-BATAN ]]>
Show Abstract
|
Download Original
|
Original Source
|
Check in Google Scholar
|
DOI: 10.17146/aij.2012.140
<![CDATA[The accumulation of radionuclide in plant tissues can be estimated using a mathematical model, however the applicability of the model into field experiment still needs to be evaluated. A model validation has been conducted for radiocaesium transfer from soil to two leafy vegetables generally consumed by Indonesian people, i.e. spinach and morning glory in order to validate the transfer model toward field experimental data. The vegetable plants were grown on the soil contaminated with 134CsNO3 of 19 MBq for about 70 days. As the control, vegetables plant were also grown on soil without 134CsNO3 contamination. Every 5 days, both of contaminated and un contaminated plants were sampled for 3 persons respectively. The soil media was also tested. The samples were dried by infra red lamp and then the radioactivity was counted using gamma spectrometer. Data of 134Cs radioactivity on soil and plants were substituted into mathematical equation to obtain the coeficient of transfer rate (k12). The values of k12 were then used for calculating the 134Cs radioactivity in the vegetable plants. The 134Cs radioactivity in plants obtained from mathematical model analysis was compared with the radioactivity data obtained from the experiment. Correlation of 134Cs radioactivity in vegetables plant obtained from the experiment with those obtained from model analysis was expressed as correlation coefficient, and it was obtained to be 0.90 and 0.71 for spinach and morning glory plants respectively. The values of 134Cs in plants obtained from the model analysis can be corrected using standard deviation values, namely 48.65 and 20 for spinach at 0<t<55 days and at 0<t<78 days, respectively. Whereas for morning glory the standard deviation value was 0.36. Although there are differences between 134Cs radioactivity in vegetable plants obtained from model analysis and experiment data, the model of 134Cs transfer from soil to plant can be used for analysing 134Cs radioactivity on leafy vegetable plants grown on radiocesium contaminated soil. Received: 31 March 2010; Revised: 23 April 2012; Accepted: 27 April 2012]]>
<![CDATA[Determination of Total Arsenic in Seaweed Products by Neutron Activation Analysis ]]>
<![CDATA[N. Salim]]>;
<![CDATA[M. Santoso]]>;
<![CDATA[S. Damayanti]]>;
<![CDATA[T.G. Kartawinata]]>
<![CDATA[ Atom Indonesia Vol 39, No 1 (2013): April 2013 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[PPIKSN-BATAN ]]>
Show Abstract
|
Download Original
|
Original Source
|
Check in Google Scholar
|
DOI: 10.17146/aij.2013.218
<![CDATA[Seaweed products are widely consumed as food nowadays. Seaweeds are known to contain arsenic due to their capability to accumulate arsenic from the environment. Arsenic is a known toxic element which naturally occurs in the environment. Ingestion of high levels of arsenic will cause several adverse health effects. Arsenic in food occurs at trace concentrations which require sensitive and selective analysis methods to perform elemental analysis on. Validated neutron activation analysis was used to determine the arsenic contents in seaweed products namely catoni from domestic product and nori from foreign products. The total arsenic concentration in the samples analyzed ranges from 0.79 mg/kg to 30.14 mg/kg with mean concentration 14.39 mg/kg. The estimated exposure to arsenic contributed by the analyzed products is from 0.07% up to 8.54% of the established provisional tolerable daily intake (PTDI) which is still far below the maximum tolerable level. Received: 16 January 2013; Revised: 11 April 2013; Accepted: 13 April 2013]]>
<![CDATA[The Effect of Toluene Solution on the Hydrogen Absorption of the Mg-Ti Alloy Prepared by Synthetic Alloying ]]>
<![CDATA[H. Suwarno]]>;
<![CDATA[W.A. Adi]]>
<![CDATA[ Atom Indonesia Vol 35, No 2 (2009): July 2009 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[PPIKSN-BATAN ]]>
Show Abstract
|
Download Original
|
Original Source
|
Check in Google Scholar
|
DOI: 10.17146/aij.2009.51
<![CDATA[The synthesis and characterization of the Mg–Ti alloy have been carried out through a mechanical alloying technique under toluene solution. The Mg and Ti powders are milled for 10, 20, and 30 h in a high energy ball mill. The milled alloys are then hydrided at a temperature of 300 oC in order to investigate the possibility used for hydrogen storage materials. The refinement analyses of the x-ray diffraction patterns show that mechanical alloying of the Mg–Ti powders under toluene solution results in the formation of the TiH2 and Mg2Ti phases. Quantitative analyses indicate that the mass fractions of the TiH2 and Mg2Ti phases are 62.90 % and 30.60 %, while the value for Mg and Ti amount to 2.6 wt% and 1.25 wt%. On hydriding at a temperature of 300 oC, the milled powders are transformed into Mg2TiH4, TiH2 and γ-MgH2 phases with the mass fractions of 25.48 wt%, 64.0 wt%, and 10.52 wt%, respectively. Microstructure analyses show that before milling the shape of particle is mostly a ball shape, after 30 h of milling the shape of particles changes into polygonal shape, and upon hydriding the shape of particles changes from a polygonal shape into an irregular one. The final composition of the specimen after hydriding exhibits that Mg-Ti alloy can be promoted as a hydrogen storage material.Received: 27 January 2009; Revised: 19 November 2009; Accepted: 24 November 2009]]>
<![CDATA[The Influence of Heat Treatment Time and Temperature on the Physical Properties of Assab-Corax Steel ]]>
<![CDATA[A.K. Jahja]]>;
<![CDATA[Parikin Parikin]]>;
<![CDATA[N. Effendi]]>
<![CDATA[ Atom Indonesia Vol 31, No 2 (2005): July 2005 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[PPIKSN-BATAN ]]>
Show Abstract
|
Download Original
|
Original Source
|
Check in Google Scholar
|
DOI: 10.17146/aij.2005.363
<![CDATA[X-ray diffraction experiment was carried out on commercial Assab-Corax steel sample. The polished samples are then heated to various temperature for different holding time; 200 oC for 4 hours, 300 oC for 4 hours, 400oC for 6-, 8-, 12- and 16 hours, 500 oC for 4 hours and 600 oC for 4 hours. The refinement of the diffraction intensity was carried out using the Im3m model, and the results show that the Carbon atoms are distributed among the base position in the body centered cubic unit cell at the eight-fold octahedral interstitial sites. Using the refined structural parameters, thermo-physical properties such as Debye temperature and coefficient of thermal expansion are calculated. From the results of the analysis it could be concluded that Debye temperature in Assab-Corrax steels tend to decrease with increasing heat-treatment time but tend to increase with heat treatment temperature. The coefficients of linear expansion also tend to decrease with increasing heat-treatment time and tend to increase with heat treatment temperature. Although the patterns are different, for example when the Debye temperature reaches its peak value for heat treatment time of 8 hours, the coefficient of linear expansion would reach its low point at this time. Therefore, the general finding is that both treatment-temperature and – time are influential to the physical properties of Assab-Corrax steels and x-ray diffraction methods could be utilized in elucidating these important findings.]]>
