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INDONESIA
Atom Indonesia Journal
Published by Badan Tenaga Nuklir Nasional
ISSN : -     EISSN : -     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science,
Materials Science & Nanotechnology
Exist for publishing the results of research and development in nuclear science and technology Starting for 2010 Atom Indonesia published three times a year in April, August, and December The scope of this journal covers experimental and analytical research in all areas of nuclear science and technology. including nuclear physics, reactor physics, radioactive waste treatment, fuel element development, radioisotopes and radio pharmaceutical engineering, nuclear and radiation safety, neutron scattering, material science and technology, as well as utilization of isotopes and radiation in agriculture, industry, health and environment.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 452 Documents
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Design and Construction of the Control System for Batan Small Angle Neutron Scattering Spectrometer (SMARter) E. Santoso; E.G.R. Putra
Atom Indonesia Vol 34, No 2 (2008): July 2008
Publisher : PPIKSN-BATAN

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17146/aij.2008.99

Abstract

A 36 m Small Angle Neutron Scattering (SANS) Spectrometer (SMARTer) has been installed in Serpong, Indonesia in 1992. As time goes by, the original main computer was out of order and the instrument had not been operated since 2003. In order to activate the SMARTer, in the year 2005, a work on designing and constructing a new control system for SMARTer was carried out. The main component of this control system is a programmable peripheral I/O (IC PPI 8255) and was assembled as a plug-in board at an ISA slot of a personal computer. An IC PPI 8255 was programmed to control the mechanical movements of the instrument’s components: four neutron guide tubes, six pinholes collimator, a detector and a beam stopper. The test either with or without neutron beam has shown that this control system can be implemented for the mechanical movements of SMARTer. Error of moving the detector in the distance range of 1.5 m – 18 m is only 1 mm and the other movements have no error at all (precise).
Stopping Powers and Inelastic Mean Free Path of 100 eV to 30 keV Electrons in Zirconium Silicates D. Tahir; Suarga Suarga; Yulianti Yulianti; N.H. Sari
Atom Indonesia Vol 38, No 3 (2012): December 2012
Publisher : PPIKSN-BATAN

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17146/aij.2012.173

Abstract

We have determined the electron stopping power (SP) and inelastic mean free path (IMFP) of (ZrO2)x(SiO2)1-x (x=1, 0.75, 0.5, 0.25, 0) for electron energies from 100 eV to 30 keV by means of modified Born–Ochkur equations. The energy loss function (ELF) is required in the calculation of SP and IMFP. We used the electron energy losses from 0 to 80 eV obtained by quantitative analysis of reflection electron energy-loss spectroscopy (REELS) spectra. The values of SP and IMFP for high contents of ZrO2 (x=50% and x=75%) in Zr-silicates are similar to those of ZrO2, and similar to those of SiO2 for low contents of ZrO2 (x=25%) in Zr-silicates. There are small differences in the values of SP and IMFP for ZrO2 and SiO2.We found that the SP decreases while the IMFP increases with increasing electron energy. We have demonstrated that the ELF obtained from the quantitative analysis of REELS spectra provide us with a straightforward way to determine SP and IMFP for alloy materials by using modified Born-Ochkur equations. Received: 04 December 2012; Revised: 18 December 2012; Accepted: 19 December 2012
The Effects of Gamma Irradiation on the Growth and Propagation of In-Vitro Chrysanthemum Shoot Explants (cv. Yellow Puma) I. Dwimahyani; S. Widiarsih
Atom Indonesia Vol 36, No 2 (2010): August 2010
Publisher : PPIKSN-BATAN

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17146/aij.2010.25

Abstract

The study on the effect of gamma irradiation on in-vitro shoot growth of chrysanthemum cv. Yellow Puma has been carried out. The aim of the study was to observe genetic variability of shoot growth caused by gamma irradiation. Shoot explants with four leaves were irradiated by gamma with dose of 10, 15 and 20 Gy with 3 replications at each of dose. The irradiated shoot explants were then transferred into fresh MS solid medium and placed in a growth room. Observation was performed on number of leaves and branches on M1V0 generation, while plantlets height and number of branches were observed a M1V1 generation. Number of survival plantlets and multiplication rate on three subsequent subcultures were observed as well. Results showed that gamma rays with dose of 20 Gy inhibited growth of leaves as much as 50% compared to control (shoots without irradiation), and branches 73.7% in three weeks. Observation on multiplication rate at M1V1 generation showed that gamma irradiation with dose of 10 Gy promoted multiplication rate as much as 10% higher than control. It can be concluded that in vitro mutagenesis using gamma iradiation with dose of 10 to 15 Gy can be used for inducing genetic variability of chrysanthemum cv. Yellow Puma. Received: 18 December 2008; Revised: 10 August 2010; Accepted: 30 August 2010
Acknowledgement Atom Indonesia Vol 47 No 3 ack47no3 ack47no3
Atom Indonesia Vol 47, No 3 (2021): December 2021
Publisher : PPIKSN-BATAN

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17146/aij.2021.1206

Abstract

Fuzzy Logic Application in Boron and Cadmium Analysis in U3O8 use of Emission Spectrograph Method S. Simbolon; Supriyono Supriyono; Aryadi Aryadi; T. Rahardjo
Atom Indonesia Vol 37, No 1 (2011): April 2011
Publisher : PPIKSN-BATAN

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17146/aij.2011.74

Abstract

Boron and cadmium in U3O8 have been analyzed with emission spectrograph. Three inputs of emission spectrograph, current (A), exposure time (second) and gap between electrodes (mm) were varied. Two outputs, boron and cadmium lines intensities respectively were selected and measured. Thirteen experiments have been carried out and data found were calculated by fuzzy logic Mamdani-type. Three and five memberships functions of straight-line (Triangular, Trapezoidal), Generalized-bell and Gaussian curve were used to analyze the found data. The result found that five memberships functions had less error percentage range than three memberships functions of straight-line (Triangular, Trapezoidal), Generalized-bell and Gaussian curve. The error percentage range of cadmium analysis was wider than boron analysis with this method. Analysis of cadmium in U3O8 with this method needs much exposure time compare to analysis of boron. Received: 28 December 2009; Revised: 29 November 2010; Accepted: 8 February 2011
Bacterial Diversity in Buffalo Meat and Bowel from Traditional Market and the Sensitivity of Some Bacteria to Irradiation and Antibiotics H. Harsojo; S.Y. Sari
Atom Indonesia Vol 41, No 2 (2015): August 2015
Publisher : PPIKSN-BATAN

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17146/aij.2015.381

Abstract

The population of buffaloes in Indonesia was 1.37 million in 2012, representing an increase of 5.5 % over its population the previous year. Buffaloes have been in Indonesia for such a long time, they have become a part of the lives of the majority of the Indonesian society. Research has been conducted to know the bacteria diversity in domestic buffalo meat and bowels from traditional markets in Pandeglang, Banten, in order to ascertain their safety based on their initial contamination and also to study the sensitivity of several of the bacteria to irradiation and antibiotics. The total bacterial was assessed by total plate count method as index of quality. The buffalo meat and bowel samples were taken from livers, intestines, lymph, lungs and tripe. Results showed that the contaminating bacteria were aerobic bacteria, coliform bacteria including Escherichia coli (E. coli), and Staphylococcus spp. in buffalo meat and bowel. The numbers of aerobic bacteria were in the 1.7×105- 2.3×106 CFU/g range, while the total coliform bacteria were in the 2.0×103- 6.8×104 CFU/g range. The total number of E. coli was in the 2.0×103- 6.0×104 CFU/g range, and Staphylococcus spp. was in the 2.0×104- 2.7×105 CFU/g range. No Salmonella was detected in any of the samples observed. The total coliform bacteria, E. coli, and Staphylococcus spp. in all buffalo meat and bowel samples exceeded the maximum numbers of microbes permitted by the Indonesian National Standard (SNI). The maximum of total coliform, E. coli, and Staphylococcus spp. permitted by SNI are 1.0×102, 1.0×10 and 1.0×102 CFU/g, respectively. The D10 values of S. aureus were in the 0.13 - 0.23 kGy range, while for E. coli they were in the 0.07 - 0.13 kGy range. The isolate of S. aureus from the lungs was the most resistant to cefoxitin, tetracycline, and amoxicillin antibiotics. The isolate of E. coli from buffalo bowels were almost sensitive to cefoxitin, tetracycline, and amoxicillin antibiotics.  Received: 4 October 2014; Revised: 24 April 2015; Accepted: 11 May 2015
Quantum Estimates of Alpha Emitter Life Time B. Santoso
Atom Indonesia Vol 32, No 1 (2006): January 2006
Publisher : PPIKSN-BATAN

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17146/aij.2006.113

Abstract

Quantum estimates of several alpha radioactive life time have been made using the probability of quantum tunneling through the nuclear potential barrier. It is assumed that for a given nucleus with mass number A and isotopic number Z, there exists an alpha particle moving freely back and forth in the nucleus with mass and isotopic numbers A -4 and Z-2. If the probability of penetrating the nuclear potential barrier is Τ, then after N times (N=1/Τ) hitting the barrier an alpha particle is emitted. To obtain the elapsed time for emitting an alpha particle requires N times τ0, where τ0 is the time travel for alpha across the nuclear diameter, which is dependent on alpha energy. It is assumed here that this kinetic energy is the same as the emitted energy. The emitting alpha kinetic energies here are calculated by the difference of the masses of the parent and daughter nuclei and the alpha particles. They are in closed agreement with the experimental observations. While the alpha radioactive life time are not the same order of magnitudes but give the same linearity on the logarithmic scale as function of the inverse square root of energy.
Characterization of Zircaloy-4 after Gaseous Hydriding at the Temperature Range of 350-600°C R. Sigit; H. Suwarno; B. Soegijono
Atom Indonesia Vol 42, No 3 (2016): December 2016
Publisher : PPIKSN-BATAN

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17146/aij.2016.585

Abstract

The degradation of the mechanical properties of zircaloy-4 as nuclear fuel cladding is inevitable due to its interaction with hydrogen during normal reactor operation. This experiment observed the occurence of hydride phases after gaseous hydriding with hydrogen at elevated temperature, and their effects were evaluated based on the material's microstructure and mechanical properties. The zircaloy-4 cladding materials were annealed for two hours. It was followed by hydriding with the pressure from 100 up to 1200 mbar at various temperatures of 350°C, 500°C,550°C and 600°C. The pressure-composition-isotherm (PCI) diagram showed that the hydrogen absorbed by specimen namely 0.18% wt, 0.38% wt, 0.44% wt and 0.74% wt at 350°C, 500°C, 550°C and 600°C, respectively. This result confirmed that the hydrogen content were 10, 128, 250, and 1357 ppm at 350°C,500°C,550°C, and 600°C, respectively, as measured by an ONH analyzer. X-ray diffraction showed that δ-hydride peaks were very weak based on fitting with the hydride database. The results from optical microscope and scanning electron microscope confirmed the presence of hydrides at the specimens, identified by the growth of needle-like structure at those temperatures.Received: 5 January 2016; Revised: 15 June 2016; Accepted: 20 August 2016
Bacterial Protein Characterization of Streptococcus agalactiae by SDS-page Method for Subclinical Mastitis Irradiated Vaccine Materials in Dairy Cattle B.J. Tuasikal; I.W.T. Wibawan; F.H. Pasaribu; S. Estuningsih
Atom Indonesia Vol 38, No 2 (2012): August 2012
Publisher : PPIKSN-BATAN

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17146/aij.2012.162

Abstract

A study have been conducted to isolate and characterize bacterial protein S. agalactiae, which is antigenic and can be used to test immunogenicity of vaccine in order to manufacture irradiated mastitis (inflammation of the udder) vaccine in ruminant. The study aims to determine the Molecular Weight (MW) bacterial protein S. agalactiae irradiation, which can be used to test the nature of its antigenic caharacteristic. The character of S. agalactiae antigenic stimulates antibody induction of the immune system, in which case is the body's defense system against mastitis disease in cattle. In this study, irradiation of gamma ray is used to attenuate the pathogenicity of bacteria by reducing S. agalactiae antigenic caharacteristic. Previous research, in irradiation dose orientation before antigenic protein isolation of S. agalactiae, indicated that irradiation lethal dose to 50% (LD50) is 17 Gy. The characterization of S. agalactiae bacteria isolate using SDS-page method results in no significance different between irradiated and non-irradiated group, which indicated by MW range 75 – 100 kDa base on marker standard which used, or 99 kDa by the linier equation of Y = 11,60 – 0.05X (where Y = bands distance; X = MW standard protein); r2 = 0.99. In conclusion, 17 Gy irradiation dose does not impair antigenic property of S. agalactiae and therefore, can be applied to produce base material of irradiated vaccine for mastitis. Received: 04 May 2012; Revised: 27 November 2012; Accepted: 27 August 2012
Neutron Diffraction Study on the Magnetic Structure of Pr6Fe13Sn Suharyana Suharyana; J.M. Cadogan; A. Rianaris
Atom Indonesia Vol 36, No 1 (2010): April 2010
Publisher : PPIKSN-BATAN

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17146/aij.2010.9

Abstract

We have successfully prepared a Pr6Fe13Sn sample by employing argon arc melting. The crystal structure of the sample has been examined by an x-ray diffraction. The x-ray pattern reveals that the sample crystallize in the tetragonal Nd6Fe13Si structure type with space group I4/mcm. Neutron diffraction at 150K performed on a powder sample shows a collinear antiferromagnetic ordering of the Fe and Pr sublattices with the wave vector (0, 0, 1) and an Ip type magnetic lattice with anti-centering translation. The main axis of antiferromagnetism is restricted to the (0 0 1) plane. The average refined Fe moments at 150 K is (2.0±0.4) µB whereas the Pr moments are (2.1±0.4) and (1.9±0.4) µB for the 8f and 16l sites, respectively.  Received: 20 November 2009; Revised: 3 April 2010; Accepted: 20 April 2010

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