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INDONESIA
Atom Indonesia Journal
Published by Badan Tenaga Nuklir Nasional
ISSN : -     EISSN : -     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science,
Materials Science & Nanotechnology
Exist for publishing the results of research and development in nuclear science and technology Starting for 2010 Atom Indonesia published three times a year in April, August, and December The scope of this journal covers experimental and analytical research in all areas of nuclear science and technology. including nuclear physics, reactor physics, radioactive waste treatment, fuel element development, radioisotopes and radio pharmaceutical engineering, nuclear and radiation safety, neutron scattering, material science and technology, as well as utilization of isotopes and radiation in agriculture, industry, health and environment.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 452 Documents
 28   29   30   31   32 
Simulations of Beam Quality in a 13 MeV PET Cyclotron A. Pramudita; E. Mulyani; I.A. Kudus
Atom Indonesia Vol 41, No 3 (2015): December 2015
Publisher : PPIKSN-BATAN

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17146/aij.2015.411

Abstract

Simulation of the trajectories of negative hydrogen ion (H−) beam in a 13 MeV PET cyclotron (DECY-13) were carried out by using the Runge-Kutta (RK4) approximation method and Scilab 5.4.1. The magnetic and electric fields were calculated using Opera-3d/TOSCA softwares at 1 mm resolution. The cyclotron is of a fourth-harmonics type, meaning that the acceleration occurs four times per cycle, with a radiofrequency (RF) field of 77.66 MHz frequency and 40 kV amplitude. The calculations and simulations show that the maximum distance between the ion source and the puller is about 6 mm, while the maximum width of the beam at 13 MeV is about 10 mm, and the initial phase between the RF field and the beam ranges from -10° to 10°, with a yield of about 10% of the beam from the ion source getting accelerated to 13 MeV.Received: 12 March 2015; Revised:30 June 2015; Accepted: 01 July 2015
The Influence of Platinum Dopant on the Characteristics of SnO2Thin Film for Gas Sensor Application T. Sujitno; Sudjatmoko Sudjatmoko
Atom Indonesia Vol 32, No 2 (2006): July 2006
Publisher : PPIKSN-BATAN

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17146/aij.2006.118

Abstract

Doping of platinum on tin dioxide (SnO2) thin film for gas sensor application has been carried out using ion implantation techniques. The SnO2 thin film has been deposited using dc sputtering method at the conditions; operating pressure 5x10-2 torr, anode-cathode voltage 2.0 kV, substrate temperature 2000C and deposition time one hour. While the Pt ion implantation process were carried out at energy 60 keV and ion doses were varied.  From scanning electron microscope (SEM) observation, it was found that   SnO2:Pt thin film which was deposited by those parameters has a fine morphology with the grain size of thin film was in order of 0.7 – 1.0 μm and thickness 4.16 μm.  From crystal structure analysis using XRD it was observed that the crystal planes of SnO2:Pt were  (110), (101), (200), (211), (300), and (112) . From energy dispersive X-rays analysis (EDX) coupled with SEM, it was found that the chemical composition of SnO2:Pt  thin film were 66.12%-at O, 1.23 %-at Si, 0.12 %-at Pt and 32.53 %-at Sn.  It was also found that the influence of platinum dopant on SnO2 thin film can reduce significantly the resistance of thin film and from response time and sensitivities measurement showed that for every dose variation for different tested gas has a different respons time and sensitivities (no a specific pattern)
Pilot Scale Production of Irradiated Natural Rubber Latex and its Dipping Products M. Utama; M. Suhartini; Herwinarni Herwinarni; Siswanto Siswanto; S. Yoharmus; H. Sundaru; H.M. Halik; Prayitno Prayitno; H.M. Muklis; S. Ruslim
Atom Indonesia Vol 31, No 2 (2005): July 2005
Publisher : PPIKSN-BATAN

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17146/aij.2005.361

Abstract

One hundred and fifty kg natural rubber latex (NRL) before and after concentration were added with 3 phr (part hundred ratio of rubber) normal butyl acrylate, then the mixture were irradiated at 25 kGy by gamma rays of 60Co in pilot scale. The irradiated natural rubber latex (INRL) were then being to use for producing rubber products such as condom, surgical gloves, and spygmomanometer in factory scale. The quality of INRL and rubber products such as : total solid content (TSC), dry rubber content (DRC), KOH, VFA and MST number, tensile strength, modulus, elongation at break, extractable protein content, and response against Type I allergy etc. were evaluated. The economic aspect for producing INRL by means of Gamma Irradiator (GI) and Electron Beam Machine (EBM) such as payback period (PP), net present value (NPV) and internal rate return (IRR) were calculated. The results showed that the latex properties of INRL such as DRC, TSC, KOH, VFA, and MST number are not only found to the requirement of the ISO 2004 standard but also the latex has low protein, lipid, and carbohydrate content. The physical and mechanical properties (tensile strength, modulus, and elongation at break) of rubber dipping products such as condom, gloves, and sphygmomanometer are not only found to the requirement of ISO 4074, ISO 10282, and ANSI/AAMI SP-1994 standards, but also the allergic response tested clinical latex-sensitive protein allergen by ELISA test on gloves, and by SPT test on condom are found to be negative. It indicates that production of INRL or PVNRL or RVNRL by EBM 250 keV/10 mA, was more cheap than by using gamma γ irradiator 200 kCi, or sulfur vulcanization. The value of PBP (payback period) was 2,1 years, NPV (net present value) was 4,250 US $, PI (profitability index) 1,06 and IRR (internal rate of returns) was 25,0%.
Measurement of P Contribution From Several P Sources by Using 32P Method A.D. Suyono; A. Citraresmini
Atom Indonesia Vol 36, No 2 (2010): August 2010
Publisher : PPIKSN-BATAN

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17146/aij.2010.19

Abstract

P-fertilizer other than chemical fertilizers has been used extensively in agriculture. However, the extent to which P-fertilizer contributes to the growth of plants has only been discussed a few, meanwhile the information will be very helpful to the use of P-fertilizer efficiently. The 32P method was used to distinguish P contribution from several sources, i.e soil, chemical fertilizer (Sp) and manure/organic fertilizer (Pk). The isotope carrier free solution of KH232PO4, which is contained of 98% 32P, was applied to the soil and thus making it as the only source of labeled-P. Radioactivity counting of soil samples will lead to the measurement of P-contribution from several sources of P given. The experiment result showed that most of the P taken up by the plants was from soil. Thus, the P from Sp (P-Sp) and Pk (P-Pk) became un-significantly support the plant growth expressed in lesser dry weight of straw, grain and plants compared to those who taken its P from soil. Although soil contributed most of its available P to straw and grain of lowland rice, but Sp and Pk still contributed P to both plant parts. It was obtained that in straw 64 – 82% P was derived from soil; 12 – 21% P was derived from Pk; and 18 – 29% P was derived from Sp. For grain 49 – 89% P was derived from soil; 11 – 15% P was derived from Pk; and19 – 45% P was derived from Sp. Received: 20 November 2009; Revised: 09 August 2010; Accepted: 23 August 2010
The Importance of Magnetic Reflection Condition and Polarization Factor: Case Study of MnF2 A. Purwanto
Atom Indonesia Vol 36, No 2 (2010): August 2010
Publisher : PPIKSN-BATAN

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17146/aij.2010.238

Abstract

Neutron diffraction has been widely accepted as a versatile tool to investigate magnetic structure of crystalline materials, which contribute significantly to the scientific and technological advances. Starting from a general formulation of the magnetic structure factor, one can often simplify the formulation depending on the crystallographic structure and the magnetic wave propagation vector of the sample. The simplification allows magnetic moment coupling and polarization deduction without the need of the refinement process. This paper elaborates such simplification for MnF2 to provide the determination of the magnetic moment coupling and polarization direction simply based on the reflection condition and polarization factor. The determination of the magnetic structure excluding its magnitude by the reflection condition and polarization factor is much more conclusive than by any magnetic structure refinement. Furthermore, MnF2 illustrates a rare compound that has antiferromagnetic structure with zero magnetic wave propagation vector, i.e.; it has the same antiferromagnetic and crystallographic unit cell.Received:19 May 2009; Received: 30 August 2010; Accepted: 31 August 2010
Analysis of 137Cs Radionuclide Content in Sediment in Musi Watershed Using Gamma Spectrometer and its Affecting Factors T. A. Jaya; A. Mara; G. F. Amri
Atom Indonesia Vol 47, No 3 (2021): December 2021
Publisher : PPIKSN-BATAN

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17146/aij.2021.1130

Abstract

The concentration of the radionuclide 137Cs on sediment in watershed in Palembang has been analyzed. This study aims to determine the influence of sampling location and the water quality indicators of water pH, sediment pH, conductivity, turbidity, and sediment type on the concentration of 137Cs and to determine the distribution pattern of 137Cs in sediments. Sampling was conducted at seven stations spaced approximately 5 km apart, placed from the western end to the eastern end  of the Musi river segment located within Palembang City.Sediment samples were prepared and their 137Cs contents were measured with gamma spectrometry. The results showed that their 137Cs concentrations ranged from below MDC (minimum detectable concentration) to 1.51 Bq/kg. This was within the 1×103 Bq/kg limit set by the quality standard. The varied and very low concentrations of 137Cs are thought to have originated from global fallout. The location point of sampling affects the concentration of radionuclide 137Cs while the characteristics of water quality are do not. The 137Cs concentration spread pattern in Musi sediment is influenced by tidal currents and river morphology.
The Measurements of Calcification Rates in Reef Corals Using Radioisotope 45Ca at Pongok Sea, South Bangka G. Diansyah; TZ. Ulqodry; M. Rasyid; A. Djawanas
Atom Indonesia Vol 37, No 1 (2011): April 2011
Publisher : PPIKSN-BATAN

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17146/aij.2011.70

Abstract

Coral reef ecosystem is one of the most important ecological systems in the Indonesian coastal zone. The aim of this study which was undertaken between August - October 2006, is to measure the calcification of corals in a reef coral in the Pongok Sea, South Bangka using 45Ca. The steps in conducting this study were surveying of the site, preparation, transplanting, incubation in the 45Ca - solution, and analysis of the coral fragments. The results showed that at the depth of 5 m different counts per minute (cpm) trend occurred. For the samples taken from the transplantation of the Artificial Colony (Ac) the cpm showed that with the progress of time the cpm declined, reaching its lowest cpm at 5 hours after retransplanting of the coral fragments. On the other hand the samples obtained from the natural (Nc) colony showed that the cpm increased with time progress. At the 10 m depth where only the coral fragment of the natural colony (Nc) was observed a different pattern showed up. Here with the progress of time up to 3 hours the cpm increased and after that it declined to reach a low cpm at 5 hours of observation. The cpm values were then transformed to disintegrations per minute (dpm), μCi and at the end to 45Ca content. The same trend is shown for dpm, μCi/0.5 g sample and μg Ca/0.5 g sample. The 45Ca content (μg/0.5g sample) were used to show the calcification rates of coral fragments. It showed clearly that 45Ca could be used to calculate the magnitude of calcification. Received: 08 December 2009; Revised: 05 April 2011; Accepted: 05 April 2011
Rolling and Annealing Effects on Microstructure and Hardness of Commercial 405 Stainless Steel A.K. Jahja; N. Effendi; M. Dani
Atom Indonesia Vol 33, No 2 (2007): July 2007
Publisher : PPIKSN-BATAN

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17146/aij.2007.109

Abstract

The "cold-rolling" experiments for several values of true strain namely 5 percent, 10 percent, and 15 percent respectively have been carried out on commercial SS-405 steel samples at 350oC; the as-rolled samples were cut into several pieces in size of 10 x 10 x 5 mm3, and some pieces were annealed to 550oC for 24 hours. All samples were then mounted and polished before etching in order to observe the grain boundaries. The microstructure observation on all samples was carried out by using optical microscope (MO), meanwhile X-ray diffraction technique was employed in order to support the identification of the existing phases and to verify changes with respect to crystal orientation; the hardness tests were carried out by using Vickers micro hardness tester. The microstructure observation supported by X-ray diffraction results shows that the phase grains of rolled sample tends to take the oblong-shape, accompanied by a preferred orientation predominantly inclined toward the (110) plane. The microhardness testing results show that there has been an increase in the hardness of the as-rolled samples; Mainly because of the nearly negligible thickness of the original sample (being only 5 mm in size), the 15 percent as-rolled samples exhibits only a slight reduction in hardness compared to the 10 percent as-rolled samples; The main cause of this effect is the movement of some dislocations infiltrating the surface resulting in the reduction of the inner-stress in the bulk of the samples. In the rolled-annealed samples there is a very significant reduction in hardness compared to the as-rolled samples. Here the main cause is the recrystallization process taking place during annealing, which tends to significantly reduce the dislocations.
Effects of Cooling Fluid Flow Rate on the Critical Heat Flux and Flow Stability in the Plate Fuel Type 2 MW TRIGA Reactor H. P. Rahardjo; V. I. Sri Wardhani
Atom Indonesia Vol 43, No 3 (2017): December 2017
Publisher : PPIKSN-BATAN

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17146/aij.2017.789

Abstract

The conversion program of the 2 MW TRIGA reactor in Bandung consisted of the replacement of cylindrical fuel (produced by General Atomic) with plate fuel (produced by BATAN). The replacement led into the change of core cooling process from upward natural convection type to downward forced convection type, and resulted in different thermohydraulic safety criteria, such as critical heat flux (CHF) limit, boiling limit, and cooling fluid flow stability. In this paper, a thermohydraulic safety analysis of the converted TRIGA reactor is presented by considering the Dynamic Nucleate Boiling Ratio (DNBR) criterion, Onset Nucleate Boiling Ratio (ONBR) limit, and cooling fluid flow stability at various cooling fluid flow rate.The numerical analyses were performed using the HEATHYD program on the hottest channels of reactor core.The combination of heat transfer and fluid flow analysis were conducted for reactor operation at 2 MW with 20 fuel element bundles and four control rod bundles. Incoming fluid flow to the cooling channel was fixed at 44.5 °C temperature and 1.9970 bar pressure, and its flow rate was varied from 1.25 to 3.5 m3/h. By inputting these values, as well as the total power of fuel elements per bundle, the wall temperature distribution of the plate fuel element, cooling fluid temperature distribution, and pressure losses in the channels were obtained for the analysis of CHF limit, boiling limit, and flow stability. It was shown that no boiling occurred for the cooling fluid flow rate range of 2.4 to 3.5 m3/h, and even at the cooling fluid flow rate of 1.25 m3/h where some bubbles occurred, the DNBR was higher than the critical limit (more than 23) while the flow stability criterion in some channels were slightly less than 1 (unstable). At the cooling fluid flow rate of 1.4 m3/h, however, the flow became stable in all channel. The results showed that even though some bubbles start to occur, the plate-fuel-   type 2 MW TRIGA reactor can safely operate in the terms of CHF limit and flow stability.
Essential Minerals of Rice in West Java Indonesia and Its Daily Intake Estimation W.Y.N. Syahfitri; E. Damastuti; N. Adventini; D.P.D. Atmodjo; I. Kusmartini; S. Kurniawati; D.D. Lestiani; M. Santoso
Atom Indonesia Vol 44, No 3 (2018): December 2018
Publisher : PPIKSN-BATAN

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17146/aij.2018.922

Abstract

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is the staple food for more than half of the world’s population and a major source of essential minerals. Essential minerals such as cobalt (Co), chromium (Cr), iron (Fe), selenium (Se), and zinc (Zn) play an important role in metabolism and physiological function. Information of rice micronutrient and its content quality in Indonesia is limited; however, its availability is important for estimating the daily intake of the nutrients and its contribution tothe Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA). The research aimed to determine the micronutrient content in rice from twelve regions in West Java by means of neutron activation analysis (NAA) and estimate the nutrient intake from rice. The samples were irradiated with thermal neutron flux of 1013n/(cm2 s) at the rabbit system facilites of the G.A. Siwabessymultipurpose reactor, then counted using a HPGe detector. The contents of Co, Cr, Fe, Se, and Zn in rice were found to be in the ranges of0.003 to 0.220, ≤0.001-0.679, ≤0.060-18.36, ≤0.020-0.975, and 8.558-28.83 mg/kg respectively. The daily intakes of Co and Cr were found generally sufficient, while Fe, Se, and Zn intakes were significantly less than the RDA in almost all regions observed. The exception was found for Se intake in Garut which exceeded its RDA. It can be concluded that rice is the main contributor of essential minerals intake; however, for nutritional fulfillment of human body, a balanced varied diet should be taken into consideration

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