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INDONESIA
Atom Indonesia Journal
Published by Badan Tenaga Nuklir Nasional
ISSN : -     EISSN : -     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science,
Materials Science & Nanotechnology
Exist for publishing the results of research and development in nuclear science and technology Starting for 2010 Atom Indonesia published three times a year in April, August, and December The scope of this journal covers experimental and analytical research in all areas of nuclear science and technology. including nuclear physics, reactor physics, radioactive waste treatment, fuel element development, radioisotopes and radio pharmaceutical engineering, nuclear and radiation safety, neutron scattering, material science and technology, as well as utilization of isotopes and radiation in agriculture, industry, health and environment.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 452 Documents
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Nanostructure and Magnetic Field Ordering in Aqueous Fe3O4 Ferrofluids: A Small-Angle Neutron Scattering Study A. Taufiq; S Sunaryono; N. Hidayat; E.G.R Putra; A. Okazawa; I. Watanabe; N. Kojima; S. Pratapa; D. Darminto
Atom Indonesia Vol 45, No 3 (2019): December 2019
Publisher : PPIKSN-BATAN

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17146/aij.2019.744

Abstract

Despite the importance of reducing production costs, investigating the hierarchical nanostructure and magnetic field ordering of Fe3O4 ferrofluids is also important to improve its application performance. Therefore, we proposed an inexpensive synthesis method in producing the Fe3O4 ferrofluids and investigated their detailed nanostructure as the effect of liquid carrier composition as well as their magnetic field ordering. In the present work, the Fe3O4 ferrofluids were successfully prepared through a coprecipitation route using a central precursor of natural Fe3O4 from iron sand. The nanostructural behaviors of the Fe3O4 ferrofluids, as the effects of the dilution of the Fe3O4 particles with H2O as a carrier liquid, were examined using a small-angle neutron spectrometer (SANS). The Fe3O4 nanopowders were also prepared for comparison. A single lognormal spherical distribution and a mass fractal model were applied to fit the neutron scattering data of the Fe3O4 ferrofluids. The increasing carrier liquid composition of the fluids during dilution process was able to reduce the fractal dimension and led to a shorter length of aggregation chains. However, it did not change the size of the primary particles or building block (approximately 3.8 nm) of the Fe3O4 particles. The neutron scattering of the Fe3O4 ferrofluids under an external magnetic field in the range of 0 to 1 T exhibited in a standard way of anisotropic phenomenon originating from the nanostructural ordering of the Fe3O4 particles. On the other hand, the Fe3O4 powders did not show anisotropic scattering under an external field in the same range. Furthermore, the magnetization curve of the Fe3O4 ferrofluids and nanopowders exhibited a proper superparamagnetic character at room temperature with the respective saturation magnetization of 4.4 emu/g and 34.7 emu/g.
Experimental Validation of Ex-Vessel Neutron Spectrum by Means of Dosimeter Materials Activation Method S.A. Santa
Atom Indonesia Vol 43, No 1 (2017): April 2017
Publisher : PPIKSN-BATAN

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17146/aij.2017.616

Abstract

Neutron spectrum information in reactor core and around of ex-vessel reactor needs to be known with a certain degree of accuracy to support the development of fuels, materials, and other components. The most common method to determine neutron spectra is by utilizing the radioactivation of dosimeter materials. This report presents the evaluation of neutron flux incident on M3dosimeter sets which were irradiated outside the reactor vessel,as well as the validation of  neutron spectrum calculation. Al capsules containing both dosimeter set covered withCd and dosimeter set without Cd cover have been irradiated during the 35th operational cycle in the M3 ex-vessel irradiation hole position207 cmfrom core centerline at the space between the reactor vessel and the safety vessel. The capsules were positioned at Z=0.0 cm of core midplane. Each dosimeter set consists of Co-Al, Sc, Fe, Np, Nb, Ni, B, and Ta. The gamma-ray spectra of irradiated dosimeter materials were measured by 63 cc HPGe solid-state detector and photo-peak spectra were analyzed using BOB75 code. The reaction rates of each dosimeter materials and its uncertainty were analyzed based on 59Co (n,g) 60Co, 237Np (n,f) 95Zr-103Ru,  45Sc (n,g) 46Sc, 58Fe (n,g) 59Fe, 181Ta (n,g) 182Ta, and 58Ni (n,p)58Co reactions. The measured Cd ratios indicate that neutron spectrum at the irradiated dosimeter sets was dominated by low energy neutron. The experimental result shows that the calculated neutron spectra by DORT code at the ex-vessel positions need correction, especially in the fast neutron energy region, so as to obtain reasonable unfolding result consistent with the reaction rate measurement without any exception. Using biased DORT initial spectrum, the neutron spectrum and its integral quantity were unfolded by NEUPAC code. The result shows that total neutron flux, flux above 1.0 MeV, flux above 0.1 MeV, and the displacement rate of the dosimeter set not covered with Cd were 1.75× 1012 n cm2 s-1, 1.83× 108 n cm2 s-1, 2.94× 1010 n cm2 s-1, and 2.39× 10-11 dpa s-1, respectively. The uncertainty of neutron flux by NEUPAC was mainly due to the error of the initial spectrum.Received: 10 December 2015; Revised: 14 July 2016; Accepted: 25 September 2016
Physicochemical and Biological Analysis of 99mTc-Glutathione Radiopharmaceuticals M.E. Sriyani; N. Zainuddin
Atom Indonesia Vol 39, No 2 (2013): August 2013
Publisher : PPIKSN-BATAN

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17146/aij.2013.235

Abstract

99mTc-glutation (99mTc-GSH) radiopharmaceutical is available in the GSH lyophilized-kit in which ready to use directly after adding 99mTc radionuclide. In nuclear medicine, 99mTc-GSH diagnostic kit is a radiopharmaceutical commonly utilized for cancer diagnoses using imaging method. This paper described the physicochemical and biological characteristics as well as the quality of 99mTc-GSH diagnostic kit prepared from the GSH lyophilized-kit. The radiochemical purity was determined with thin layer chromatography (TLC) method, performed on a TLC-SG stationary phase with a mobile phase of a dried acetone and 0,9% of NaCl solution. Studies on the effect of volume and radioactivity of Na99mTcO4 solution to the radiochemical purity of 99mTc-GSH were carried out. The sterility of GSH-lyophilized kit and toxicity of 99mTc-GSH were also investigated. The stability test on GSH lyophilized kit and 99mTc-GSH in several storage conditions, as well as the plasma stability of 99mTc-GSH was performed. The analysis result showed that the GSH lyophilized-kit was sterile; the 99mTc-GSH was non toxic with 99.54 ± 0.01% of radiochemical purity and remained stable 5 hours either at room temperature or 4 oC. The volume more than 4 mL of Na99mTcO4 solution on the labeling of GSH could decreased the 99mTc-GSH radiochemical purity, while the radioactivity more than 20 mCi in 7 mL of volume extended the incubation time. In-vitro stability test of 99mTc-GSH in plasma showed that in the two hours of storage, the radiochemical purity decreased to 51.84 ± 2.52%, and until 5 hours of storage it did not change significantly. From the result, it can be concluded that the GSH lyophilized-kit was remained stable after 13 month of storage either at room temperature or at 4 oC with 99% of 99mTc-GSH radiochemical purity.Received: 16 January 2013; Revised: 23 August 2013; Accepted: 24 August 2013
Modified Starch of Sorghum Mutant Line Zh-30 for High Fiber Muffin Products D.D.S. Santosa; S. Human
Atom Indonesia Vol 35, No 1 (2009): January 2009
Publisher : PPIKSN-BATAN

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17146/aij.2009.43

Abstract

Sorghum mutant line Zh-30 is a breeding line developed at the Center for the Application of Isotope and Radiation Technology, BATAN by using mutation techniques. Gamma irradiation with the dose of 300 Gy was used to induce sorghum genetic variation. Through selection processes in several generations, the mutant line Zh-30 was identified to have better agronomic characteristics, better grain quality and higher grain yield than the original variety. Research on modified starch quality of this mutant line was done to identify its potential use in food industry. Functionality of pregelatinized, hydroxypropyl and crosslinked starch of this mutant line (Mutant TexInstant 30) has been studied for its use in high fiber muffin products. Characteristics of high fiber muffins containing 1.50; 3.50 and 5.50% of Mutant Tex-Instant 30 replacement levels to wheat flour were evaluated using both sensory panel and physical test methods. With regard to the sensory parameters, the high fiber muffins containing 1.50 - 5.50 % Mutant Tex-Instant 30 in general were not significantly different compared to the standard reference muffin. Results of physical evaluations showed that all Mutant Tex-Instant 30 containing products retained more moisture during baking than the standard reference. Tenderness of all products decreased at similar rate following 24 and 48 hr of room temperature storage and seven days at freezer temperature. These results suggested that sorghum mutant line Zh-30 starch could be modified and potentially used in food industry as a subtitute of wheat flour. Received: 26 June 2008; Revised:27 August: 2008; Accepted: 22 December 2008
Modification of Biodegradable Polyesters Using Electron Beam M. Suhartini
Atom Indonesia Vol 39, No 3 (2013): December 2013
Publisher : PPIKSN-BATAN

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17146/aij.2013.255

Abstract

Poly(4-Hydroxybutirat)p4hb, Poly(butylene succinate-co-adipate) PBSA and Poly(e-caprolactone) PCL were electron beam (EB)-irradiated. Poly(4-Hydroxybutirat) was irradiated without any polyfunctional monomers (PFM). While  PBSA and  PCL were irradiated in the presence of polyfunctional monomers such asTrimethallyl isocyanurate (TMAIC), Polyethyleneglycol dimethacrylate (2G, 4G), Trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate (TMPT) and Tetramethylolmethane tetraacrylate (A-TMMT) at ambient temperature. Aim of the study is to improve the properties of biodegradable polyester.  It was pointed out that crosslinking yield of P4HB (6.39% gel)was formed at dose of 90 kGy irradiated in vacuum conditions. Radiation degradation promoted, when P4HB was irradiated in air. The optimum crosslinking yield of PCL and PBSA respectively, were formed in the presence of 1% TMAIC at dose of 50 kGy. The biodegradability of the crosslinked PBSA evaluated by soil burial test is slightly retarded by increasing crosslinking yields.Received: 20 November 2013; Revised: 27 December 2013; Accepted: 31 December 2013
Assessment of Average Tracer Concentration Approach for Flow Rate Measurement and Field Calibration P. Sidauruk; S Satrio; E.R. Pujiindiyati
Atom Indonesia Vol 41, No 3 (2015): December 2015
Publisher : PPIKSN-BATAN

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17146/aij.2015.416

Abstract

Tracer method is one of the methods available for open channel flow rate measurements such as in irrigation canals. Average tracer concentration approach is an instantaneous injection method that based on the average tracer concentrations value at the sampling point. If the procedures are correct and scientific considerations are justified, tracer method will give relatively high accuracy of measurements. The accuracy of the average tracer concentration approach has been assessed both in laboratory and field. The results of accuracy tests of open channel flow that has been conducted at the Center for Application Isotopes and Radiation Laboratory-BATAN showed that the accuracy level of average concentrations approach method was higher than 90% compared to the true value (volumetric flow rate). The accuracy of average tracer concentration approach was also assessed during the application of the method to measure flow rate of Mrican irrigation canals as an effort to perform field calibration of existing weirs. Both average tracer concentration approach and weirs can predict the trend of the flow correctly. However, it was observed that flow discrepancies between weirs measurement and average tracer concentration approach predictions were as high as 27%. The discrepancies might be due to the downgrading performances of the weirs because of previous floods and high sediment contents of the flow.Received: 03 June 2015; Revised: 06 July 2015; Accepted: 08 July 2015
Irradiation for the Safety and Quality of Home Style Frozen Snacks Z Irawati; L Natalia; CM Nurcahya; F Anas; M Tampubolon
Atom Indonesia Vol 31, No 1 (2005): January 2005
Publisher : PPIKSN-BATAN

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17146/aij.2005.123

Abstract

There are to market frozen prepared meals for microwaving or conventional way of preparation. Such meals. which offer convenience growing trends in Indonesia, and lesser time preparation are available in the developed countries, either chilled with limited shelf-life or frozen for long term sale in supermarkets. Irradiation at pasteurization doses has a potential role in improving the microbiological safety and shelf-life of chilled-prepared meals. Medium doses of gamma irradiation, 3-7 kGy, applied to spring rolls, rissole and croquette, in combination with frozen state during irradiation, followed by storage at 5 ± 2°C, have been conducted in order to ensure the safety and quality of the products during storage. The three different snacks. six pieces each. were vacuum packed in a laminate pouch of Poliester/Aluminum foil/LLDPE followed by fteezing over night at -20°C prior to irradiation at cryogenic condition. Irradiation at a dose of 7 kGy could relatively maintain the quality of the products during three months of storage 5 ± 2°C, based on different parameters, such as microbiological assessments, some chemical characteristics, and organoleptic analysis using five hedonic scales.
Labeling of the Recombinant Streptokinase Using Iodine-131 as a New Thrombolytic Agent I. Daruwati; A. Hanafiah; D.S. Retnoningrum; H. Rachmawati
Atom Indonesia Vol 38, No 3 (2012): December 2012
Publisher : PPIKSN-BATAN

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17146/aij.2012.174

Abstract

Stroke and acute myocardial infarction is a disease with the highest mortality in the world. WHO has estimated in 2008, 30% of deaths from heart disease and more than 80% of this cases have been occurred in developing countries. Streptokinase (SK) as an effective thrombolytic agent has been used as a drug of choice for about forty years ago. SK is plasminogen (PG) activator that converts plasminogen to active protease, called plasmin (PN) which degrades fibrin to soluble products. Recombinant streptokinase (SKA) from genetic engineering has been developed at School of Pharmacy ITB to reduce or eliminate immunogenicity of SK. However, scientific disclosures relating to dynamic and its kinetic studies in the body have still to be proven. One method that can explain this phenomenon is the pharmacological studies using radionuclide labeled compounds. Radioiodine labeled compound is used extensively and most suitable for biological studies. This paper describes the preparation of 131I-SKA and its characterization. The labeling conditions of SKA, such as chloramine-T as an oxidizing agent, amount of SKA, incubation time, and size of resin to purify the labeling yield have been observed. The result showed that the optimum condition of labeling (35.11%) was obtained using 10 µg of chloramine-T and 60 seconds of incubation time. The highest radiochemical purity (97.46 ± 1.14%) has also been obtained by passing through the resin chromatography column using 100 mg Dowex 1x8, size 50-100 mesh. The characterization of 131I-SKA with SDS PAGE method and autoradiography showed the similar performance with unlabeled-SKA.Received: 04 December 2012; Revised: 20 December 2012; Accepted: 21 December 2012
Monitoring Low-Cycle Fatigue Material-Degradation by Ultrasonic Methods R. Himawan; H. Katoh; A. Cahyono
Atom Indonesia Vol 36, No 2 (2010): August 2010
Publisher : PPIKSN-BATAN

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17146/aij.2010.26

Abstract

Any system consisting of structural material often undergoes fatigue, which is caused by dynamic load cycle. As a structural system, nuclear power plant is very likely to have low-cycle fatigue at many of its components. Taking into account the importance of monitoring low-cycle fatigue on structural components to prevent them from getting failure, the authors have conducted a work to monitor material degradation caused by low-cycle fatigue by using ultrasonic method. An alloy of Cu-40Zn was used as a test specimen. Ultrasonic water immersion procedure was employed in this ultrasonic test. The probe used is a focusing type and has frequency as high as 15 MHz. The specimen area tested is in the middle part divided into 14 points × 23 points. The results, which were frequency spectrums, were analyzed using two parameters: frequency spectrum peak intensity and attenuation function gradient. The analysis indicates that peak intensity increases at the beginning of load cycle and then decreases. Meanwhile, gradient of attenuation function is lower at the beginning of fatigue process, and then consistently gets higher. It concludes that low-fatigue material degradation can be monitored by using ultrasonic method.Received: 20 November 2009; Revised: 31 August 2010; Accepted: 31 August 2010
Radiation-induced DNA Double Strand Breaks and Their Modulations by Treatments with Moringa oleifera Lam. Leaf Extracts: A Cancer Cell Culture Model K. Boonsirichai; S. Jetawattana
Atom Indonesia Vol 40, No 1 (2014): April 2014
Publisher : PPIKSN-BATAN

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17146/aij.2014.262

Abstract

Gamma radiation brings deleterious effects upon human cells by inducing oxidative stress and DNA damages. Antioxidants have been shown to confer protective effects on irradiated normal cells.  Moringa oleifera Lam. is a widely used nutritional supplement with antioxidant activities.  This report showed that antioxidant-containing supplements, in addition to protecting normal cells, could protect cancer cells against genotoxic effects of gamma radiation. γ-H2AX immunofluorescent foci were utilized as an indicator of radiation-induced DNA double strand breaks. MCF-7 human breast adenocarcinoma cells were irradiated with 2-8 Gy gamma radiation. A linear relationship between the formation of γ-H2AX foci and radiation dose was observed with an average of 10 foci per cell per Gy. A 30-minute pretreatment of the cells with either the aqueous or the ethanolic extract of M. oleifera leaves could partially protect the cells from radiation-induced DNA double strand breaks. A pretreatment with 500 µg/mL aqueous extract reduced the number of foci formed by 15% when assayed at 30 minutes post-irradiation.  The ethanolic extract was more effective; 500 µg/mL of its concentration reduced the number of foci among irradiated cells by 30%. The results indicated that irradiated cancer cells responded similarly to nutritional supplements containing antioxidants as irradiated normal cells. These natural antioxidants could confer protective effects upon cancer cells against gamma radiation.Received: 08 November 2013; Revised: 01 March 2014; Accepted: 17 March 2014

Page 31 of 46 | Total Record : 452

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