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INDONESIA
Atom Indonesia Journal
Published by Badan Tenaga Nuklir Nasional
ISSN : -     EISSN : -     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science,
Materials Science & Nanotechnology
Exist for publishing the results of research and development in nuclear science and technology Starting for 2010 Atom Indonesia published three times a year in April, August, and December The scope of this journal covers experimental and analytical research in all areas of nuclear science and technology. including nuclear physics, reactor physics, radioactive waste treatment, fuel element development, radioisotopes and radio pharmaceutical engineering, nuclear and radiation safety, neutron scattering, material science and technology, as well as utilization of isotopes and radiation in agriculture, industry, health and environment.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 452 Documents
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Pressure Dependence of Crystal Structure and Ionic Conductivity on Composite Glass (AgI)0.7(AgPO3)0.3 S. Suminta; E. Kartini; Mardiyanto Mardiyanto; W.A. Adi
Atom Indonesia Vol 31, No 2 (2005): July 2005
Publisher : PPIKSN-BATAN

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17146/aij.2005.364

Abstract

The superionic composite glass, (AgI)0.7(AgPO3)0.3 has been succesfully synthesized by melt quenching method. The crystall structure of coin type composite glass at various  pressure of 100, 300 and 700 kg/cm2 have been measured by using an X-ray Difractometer at PTBIN-BATAN. The X-ray difraction pattern shows some Bragg peaks    correspond to the crystaline γ-AgI. The increasing of pressure result the peaks become broaden and shift to the lower angle. This indicates that the crystal size is decreasing and the microstrain is increasing. Three strong peaks at (111), (220) and (311) have been analyzed by using a Gaussian  Fitting. Based on  calculation, crystal size (D) of (AgI)0.7(AgPO3)0.3 at pressures of 100, 300 and 700 kg/cm2 are 1114 Å, 13165 Å and 7240 Å respectively, while  microstrain values (η)  are 4 x 10-3 (1), 7.5 x 10-3 (4) and   8 x 10-3 (4). The composite glass  (AgI)0.7(AgPO3)0.3 crystal structures at pressures of 100, 300 and 700 kg/cm2 have been analyzed by using a Rietveld method.  The refinement results show that the peaks correspond to γ-AgI phase with a symmetry space group F-4 3 m No. 216, FCC, with the lattice constant namely 6.518(3), 6.508(3) and 6.506Ǻ(2) at a pressure of  100, 300 and 700 kg/cm2 respectively.  The increasing of microstrain (η), and crystal size (D) and the decreasing of lattice constant (a) will increase the ionic mobility, thus increasing the ionic conductivity. The function of pressure on melt γ-AgI phase into glass matrix AgPO3 decreases the lattice constant and the crystal size, cause the increasing  of microstrain  broadening and ionic conductivity
Implementation of Beam Matching Concept for the New Installed Elekta Precise Treatment System Medical LINACs in Indonesia O. A. Firmansyah; A. F. Firmansyah; S. I. Sunaryati; M. M. Putri; A. R. Setiadi; O. A. Akbar; V. Arif; C. Amelia
Atom Indonesia Vol 47, No 3 (2021): December 2021
Publisher : PPIKSN-BATAN

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17146/aij.2021.1041

Abstract

A concept of radiation beam matching of some medical linear accelerators (LINACs) that have identical characteristics of the models, radiation quality, and multileaf collimator features may be implemented as long as the manufacturer provides complete specifications so that a Treatment Planning System (TPS) can be used for many beam-matched LINACs. This paper describes a preliminary study on the implementation of the beam matching concept for five units Elekta Precise Treatment System LINACs that have recently been installed in Indonesia. The beam matching criteria were based on the percentage depth dose (PDD) and beam profile for photon and electron beams. Dosimetry measurements were carried out by using an SNC 125 ionization chamber of 0.125 cm3 in volume, PTW Pinpoint 3D of  0.016 cm3 in volume, and PTW Farmer Chamber of 0.6 cm3 in volume. The results indicated that the PDD10 of 6 and 10 MV photon beams among installed five units LINACs have excellent compatibility each others with a maximum deviation of less than 0.4 %, while the maximum deviation for dose depth of 80 % (R80) for the electron beams with nominal energies of 4, 6, 8, 10, 15 and 18 MeV is 1 mm. The measurement results for the flatness profile were less than 6 %, and symmetry profiles were less than 3 %. It also outlines the determination of the absorbed dose to water under reference conditions. The results of the calibration of output doses show that the absorbed dose in the water was 1 cGy ≈ 1 MU. The data obtained from measurements for each LINAC conform with the requirements of the beam matching process set by the manufacturer.
Assessment of Nugget Size of Spot Weld using Neutron Radiography Triyono Triyono; Jamasri Jamasri; M.N. Ilman; R. Soekrisno; Sutiarso Sutiarso
Atom Indonesia Vol 37, No 2 (2011): August 2011
Publisher : PPIKSN-BATAN

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17146/aij.2011.65

Abstract

Resistance spot welding (RSW) has been widely used for many years in the fabrication of car body structures, mainly due to the cost and time considerations. The weld quality as well as the nugget size is an issue in various manufacturing and processes due to the strong link between the weld quality and safety. It has led to the development of various destructive and non-destructive tests for spot welding such as peel testing, ultrasonic inspections, digital shearography, and infrared thermography. However, such methods cannot show spot weld nugget visually and the results are very operator’s skill dependent. The present work proposes a method to visualize the nugget size of spot welds using neutron radiography. Water, oil and various concentrations of gadolinium oxide-alcohol mixture were evaluated as a contrast media to obtain the best quality of radiography. Results show that mixture of 5 g gadolinium oxide (Gd2O3) in 25 ml alcohol produces the best contrast. It provides the possibility to visualize the shape and size of the nugget spot weld. Furthermore, it can discriminate between nugget and corona bond. The result of neutron radiography evaluation shows reasonable agreement with that of destructive test. Received: 13 October 2010; Revised: 25 August 2011; Accepted 26 August 2011
IAEA Safety Standards on Management Systems and Safety Culture K.D. Persson
Atom Indonesia Vol 33, No 1 (2007): January 2007
Publisher : PPIKSN-BATAN

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17146/aij.2007.104

Abstract

The IAEA has developed a new set of Safety Standards for applying an integrated Management System for facilities and activities. The objective of the new Safety Standards is to define requirements and provide guidance for establishing, implementing, assessing and continually improving a Management System that integrates safety, health, environmental, security, quality and economic related elements to ensure that safety is properly taken into account in all the activities of an organization. With an integrated approach to management systems it is also necessary to include the aspect of culture, where the organizational culture and safety culture is seen as crucial elements of the successful implementation of this management system and the attainment of all the goals and particularly the safety goals of the organization. The IAEA has developed a set of services aimed at assisting it’s Member States in establishing, implementing, assessing and continually improving an integrated management system.
Atmospheric Dispersion Analysis for Expected Radiation Dose due to Normal Operation of RSG-GAS and RDE Reactors P.M. Udiyani; S. Kuntjoro; G.R. Sunaryo; H. Susiati
Atom Indonesia Vol 44, No 3 (2018): December 2018
Publisher : PPIKSN-BATAN

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17146/aij.2018.878

Abstract

BATAN is planning to build an experimental power reactor, the RDE, to complement the RSG-GAS reactor that is already operating in the Serpong Nuclear Zone (KNS). The experimental power reactor is an HTGR (high-temperature gas-cooled reactor) with 10 MWt power, while the RSG-GAS is a pool-type water-cooled reactor with 30 MWt power. According to standard regulatory practices, under normal operating conditions of the plant, radiological assessment of atmospheric releases to the environment and assessment of public exposures are considered essential. The purpose of this study is to estimate the dose acceptance in Serpong Nuclear Zone (KNS) after operate the RDE operates in KNS-2. To assess the doses, the PC-CREAM 08 computer code was used. It uses a standard Gaussian plume dispersion model and composes a suite of models and data for estimation of the radiological impact assessments of routine and continual discharges from a nuclear reactor. The input data include sourceterm from the RDE and the RSG-GAS, a stack the height of 60 m annual radionuclides release, meteorological data from the Serpong local meteorological station, and agricultural products data from Serpong site. Results show that the highest individual dose in the area around KNS for adults is 6.16×10-3 mSv/y in the S (South) direction and 300 m distance from the stack of RSG. The highest collective dose around KNS within 3 km radius is 6.37×10-3 man-Sv/yr. The results show that the radiological impact of the KNS on the critical groups of public and the individual effective doses satisfy the limits given by the Nuclear Regulatory Agency of Indonesia (BAPETEN). The operation of RDE in KNS-2 does not add significantly to acceptance radiation dose in the environment in KNS. It can also be concluded that the estimated effective doses are lower than the dose constraint of 0.3 mSv/y associated with this plant.
Spectral Comparison of Neutron-Irradiated Natural and Enriched Ytterbium Targets for Lu-177 Production M. Maiyesni; S. Febriana; I. Kambali; D. Kurniasih
Atom Indonesia Vol 45, No 3 (2019): December 2019
Publisher : PPIKSN-BATAN

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17146/aij.2019.930

Abstract

Beta-emitting radioisotope 177Lu has been suggested for radioimmunotherapy, peptide receptor radionuclide therapy, or another radionuclide therapy due to its excellent properties for destroying cancer cells. In this experimental investigation, natural ytterbium (natYb) and enriched 176Yb targets were irradiated with thermal neutrons at 1.2×1014 cm-2s-1 neutron flux for 95 hours. Using a high-purity germanium (HPGe) detector-based spectroscopy system, the post-irradiated targets were measured and the produced radioisotopes were identified according to their gamma ray emissions. Experimental results indicated that several radioisotopes such as 169Yb and 175Yb dominate the post-irradiated natYb target, though a relatively weak intensity of 177Lu was also recorded. In contrast, 177Lu radioisotope dominates the gamma rays observed in the post-irradiated enriched 176Yb target following elution with HNO3 solution. For the first time, evidence is found of 175Yb impurity in the post-neutron-irradiated enriched 176Yb2O3 target as a result of 176Yb(n,2n)175Yb nuclear reaction. This work recommends future 177Lu radioisotope production using enriched 176Yb2O3 target.
Cover Atom Indonesia Vol 42 No 1 cover1 cover1
Atom Indonesia Vol 42, No 1 (2016): April 2016
Publisher : PPIKSN-BATAN

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17146/aij.2016.601

Abstract

Measuring the BNF of Soybean Using 15N-Labelled Urea with Different Atom Excess (A.E.) Content A. Citraresmini; H. Halim; E.L. Sisworo
Atom Indonesia Vol 38, No 3 (2012): December 2012
Publisher : PPIKSN-BATAN

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17146/aij.2012.178

Abstract

The soybean is a legume which has an ability to supply its major nitrogen need by the biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) process. This process is made possible by nodules formed in their roots, colonized by Rhizobium sp.bacteria. An accurate estimation of N gained by BNF is necessary to predict the increase or decrease of chemical fertilizer-N requirements to increase soybean production. Among several methods, the 15N method was used to estimate the ability of legumes to perform BNF. The study involved soybean var. Willis (W) and a completely non-BNF soybean var. CV, which is termed as a standard crop. The standard crop is non-nodulated soybean, but it has the same main physiological traits with var. Willis. The aim of this study was to determine whether15N-labelled fertilizer with different %a.e. given to nodulated and non-nodulated soybean would not be of significant consequences for the calculation of N-BNF of W. The treatments applied were different rates of urea (20 kg N/ha and 100 kg N/ha) combined with different atom excess percentages (%a.e.)15N (2% and 10%). Thus, the combination of treatments were as follows:(1) W-ll (20 kg N; 2% a.e); (2) CV-hl (100 kg N; 2% a.e); (3) W-lh (20 kg N; 10% a.e); (4) CV-hh (100 kg N; 10% a.e); (5) CV-ll (20 kg N; 2% a.e); (6) W-hl (100 kg N; 2% a.e); (7) CV-lh (20 kg N; 10% a.e); (8) W-hh (100 kg N; 10% a.e). The result of the experiment showed that a high %a.e. with a low rate of 15N and a low %a.e. with a high rate of N should be used to study the %N-BNF of nodulated plants.Received: 16 March 2012; Revised: 14 December 2012; Accepted: 17 December 2012
Modelling of Ion Transport in Solids with a General Bond Valence Based Force-Field S. Adams; R.P. Rao
Atom Indonesia Vol 36, No 3 (2010): December 2010
Publisher : PPIKSN-BATAN

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17146/aij.2010.30

Abstract

Empirical bond length - bond valence relations provide insight into the link between structure of and ion transport in solid electrolytes. Building on our earlier systematic adjustment of bond valence (BV) parameters to the bond softness, here we discuss how the squared BV mismatch can be linked to the absolute energy scale and used as a general Morse-type interaction potential for analyzing low-energy pathways in ion conducting solid or mixed conductors either by an energy landscape approach or by molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. For a wide range of Lithium oxides we could thus model ion transport revealing significant differences to an earlier geometric approach. Our novel BV-based force-field has also been applied to investigate a range of mixed conductors, focusing on cathode materials for lithium ion battery (LIB) applications to promote a systematic design of LIB cathodes that combine high energy density with high power density. To demonstrate the versatility of the new BV-based force-field it is applied in exploring various strategies to enhance the power performance of safe low cost LIB materials (LiFePO4, LiVPO4F, LiFeSO4F, etc.).Received: 11 October 2010; Revised: 26 October 2010; Accepted: 28 October 2010
Degradation of Cibacron Red Dye using ZnO as a Catalyst Coated on the Surface of the Glass in the Photocatalytic Process A. Sumartono; W. Andayani
Atom Indonesia Vol 37, No 3 (2011): December 2011
Publisher : PPIKSN-BATAN

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17146/aij.2011.79

Abstract

Industrial discharges are the main causes of surface and groundwater contamination. Photocatalytic process is one of the methods that could be used to degrade organic compounds that released from industrial wastewater. Photocatalytic process of 10 ppm cibacron red dye with irradiation of UV lamp and ZnO as a catalyst that coated on the surface of the glass the size of 8 cm x 8 cm x 0.4 cm have been studied. Experiments consisting of (i) variation of ZnO catalyst at temperature 200oC, 300oC, 400oC, and 500oC, and (ii) the efficiency achieved by the resulting ZnO obtained from the best variation in (i) as the UV-photocatalytic agent in degradation of cibacron red dye. The UV irradiation was done at interval time 0; 0.5; 1; 2; ; 4; and 6 hours. Degradation could be achieved using ZnO catalyst at temperature 500oC, the percentage degradation at 289 nm, 515 nm, and 545 nm were 84.5±1.0%, 100% and 100%, respectively.Received: 20 November 2010; Revised: 27 October 2011; Accepted: 04 November 2011

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