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Catalyx : Journal of Process Chemistry and Technology
Published by PT Penerbit Ilmiah Indonesia
ISSN : -     EISSN : 3063508X     DOI : https://doi.org/10.61978/catalyx
Core Subject : Science,
Chemistry
Catalyx : Journal of Process Chemistry and Technology with ISSN Number 3063-508X (Online) published by Indonesian Scientific Publication, is a leading scientific journal dedicated to advancing research, innovation, and development in the field of process chemistry and its technological applications. Since its inception, Catalyx has focused on facilitating scientific exchange among researchers, engineers, and practitioners in various sectors of process chemistry and its applications in industrial contexts. Through a rigorous peer-review process, the journal ensures the highest standards of academic integrity while promoting the dissemination of high-quality research.
Arjuna Subject : Kimia(semua kategori) - Kimia (Lain-Lain)
Articles 30 Documents
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An Integrated Framework for Process Safety Management in Chemical Industries Sarifah Fauziah Syed Draman
Catalyx : Journal of Process Chemistry and Technology Vol. 1 No. 2 (2024): October
Publisher : Indonesian Scientific Publication

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61978/catalyx.v1i2.1266

Abstract

Chemical process industries operate under high-risk conditions that demand rigorous and integrated safety management approaches. This study introduces a five-layer integrated framework designed to enhance hazard identification and safety control by aligning international standards, regulatory requirements, and empirical safety practices. The framework synthesizes ISO 31000 and ISO 45001 with regulatory systems like OSHA PSM, EPA RMP, and Seveso III, and integrates hazard identification techniques (HAZID, HAZOP, Bowtie), risk control tools (ALARP, risk matrix, hierarchy of controls), engineering assurance measures (IEC 61511-based SIS, mechanical integrity), and performance monitoring (API RP 754, digital dashboards). Methodologically, the framework is constructed through a multi-source synthesis approach combining literature, regulatory analysis, and operational safety taxonomies. It is operationalized through example datasets including a risk register, control taxonomies, and regulatory alignment matrices, demonstrating its practical relevance. Key findings indicate that this integrated model improves traceability between risk sources and control measures, enhances communication across safety functions, and supports proactive risk management. The incorporation of Bowtie analysis and real-time digital monitoring tools strengthens both visualization and performance assessment. While challenges such as system complexity and resource demands remain, these are mitigated through modular implementation and cross-functional engagement. In conclusion, the framework offers a structured and adaptable model that bridges the gap between compliance-driven and performance-driven safety management. It provides a foundation for future research in predictive analytics and digital safety system integration.
Integrated Techno-Economic Optimization of Heat Integration and Recycle Strategies in Multistage Chemical Processes Rusman
Catalyx : Journal of Process Chemistry and Technology Vol. 2 No. 4 (2025): October 2025
Publisher : Indonesian Scientific Publication

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61978/catalyx.v2i4.1267

Abstract

This study presents a techno-economic optimization framework designed to improve the performance of multistage chemical production systems by simultaneously optimizing heat integration and recycle strategies. Multistage processes, which commonly include reaction, separation, and recycle units, pose economic and operational challenges due to their energy intensity and interconnectivity. The objective of this research is to minimize the Total Annualized Cost (TAC) by integrating process simulation and economic evaluation using equation-oriented modeling.The methodology combines mass and energy balance modeling with capital and operating cost estimation. Decision variables include recycle ratio, purge fraction, reflux ratio, and the minimum temperature difference (ΔTmin) in heat exchangers. The optimization problem was implemented in the IDAES platform using IPOPT, applying standard financial assumptions for mature (nth-plant) systems. Results show that recycle-only optimization reduced TAC by approximately 10%, while joint optimization led to a 24.4% reduction, primarily through increased material efficiency and energy savings. However, improvements came with trade-offs, such as increased control complexity and higher capital investment. Sensitivity analysis identified reflux ratio and ΔTmin as dominant variables affecting economic outcomes. The optimized ΔTmin of 12°C and a recycle ratio of 0.65 were consistent with industrial design guidelines. These findings underscore the value of integrated optimization in achieving economically viable and operable process designs. The framework is robust and scalable, with potential for application in larger systems and real-time industrial contexts. Future work will focus on incorporating surrogate models and hybrid optimization to enhance computational performance.
Integrating Green Chemistry Metrics with ISO-Compliant Life Cycle Assessment: A Dual-Framework Approach to Sustainable Chemical Manufacturing Tahirah Hasan
Catalyx : Journal of Process Chemistry and Technology Vol. 2 No. 1 (2025): January 2025
Publisher : Indonesian Scientific Publication

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61978/catalyx.v2i1.1268

Abstract

Integrating waste minimization metrics with Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) enhances sustainability evaluations in chemical manufacturing. This study proposes a hybrid framework combining ISO 14040/14044-compliant LCA with green chemistry indicators such as E-factor, Process Mass Intensity (PMI), and Atom Economy to assess the environmental performance of a chemical process. The methodology employs a cradle-to-gate system boundary and utilizes both primary inventory data and secondary sources including Ecoinvent and EF 3.1 databases. Waste metrics are derived from life cycle inventory data, and environmental impacts are assessed using TRACI 2.1 and EF 3.1 methods. The results demonstrate that integrating waste metrics with LCA offers deeper insights into process sustainability. A process characterized by an E-factor of 2.20, PMI of 5.80, and Atom Economy of 78.0% showed significant material efficiency but also revealed trade-offs between solvent recovery and energy demand. The Life Cycle Impact Assessment (LCIA) reported a Global Warming Potential (GWP) of 2.45 kg CO₂-eq and a water footprint of 2.50 m³ per kg of product, indicating the influence of upstream inputs and energy sources. This dual-framework approach improves decision-making in process design by aligning operational efficiency with environmental outcomes. It facilitates the identification of hotspots, supports targeted optimization, and enhances transparency in sustainability reporting. The findings underscore the value of integrating LCA and green chemistry metrics to advance environmentally responsible chemical manufacturing.
Precision Surface Engineering of Functionalized Nanoparticles for Enhanced Catalytic Activity and Stability Astri Senania; Ika Fitri Ulfindrayani
Catalyx : Journal of Process Chemistry and Technology Vol. 2 No. 1 (2025): January 2025
Publisher : Indonesian Scientific Publication

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61978/catalyx.v2i1.1269

Abstract

Nanoparticles (NPs) offer exceptional catalytic potential due to their high surface-area-to-volume ratios and tunable surface chemistries. However, limitations such as agglomeration, leaching, and poor selectivity hinder their broader application. This study investigates the role of surface functionalization in enhancing catalytic performance metrics, including activity, selectivity, and durability, across noble metal and metal oxide nanoparticles. Functionalized nanoparticles were synthesized via chemical reduction, sol–gel, and electrochemical methods, followed by ligand exchange, polymer grafting, and core–shell fabrication. Characterization tools TEM, XPS, TGA, and ICP-OES were employed to link surface features with performance. Catalytic activity was tested across model reactions, and key metrics such as turnover frequency (TOF), conversion efficiency, selectivity, and cycle stability were quantified. Results demonstrate that multidentate ligands, polymer brushes, and Janus morphologies significantly improve catalytic outcomes. AuNPs functionalized with tripodal phosphines achieved TOFs up to 2100 h⁻¹, while PdNPs with polymer brushes retained over 90% activity after 10 cycles. Correlation analyses confirmed that optimal ligand coverage (4.7–6.2 mg/m²) reduces activation energy and enhances electron transfer. Structural and electronic stability were validated through TEM and XPS, and real-time spectroscopic data supported mechanistic interpretations. The study concludes that surface functionalization is a powerful strategy for engineering high-performance catalysts. It offers a design framework for linking structural features to functional outcomes, paving the way for intelligent, adaptive catalytic systems.
Energy-Optimized Design of Multicomponent High-Purity Distillation: Comparative Evaluation of Conventional and Intensified Configurations Ruchiyat
Catalyx : Journal of Process Chemistry and Technology Vol. 2 No. 1 (2025): January 2025
Publisher : Indonesian Scientific Publication

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61978/catalyx.v2i1.1275

Abstract

This study presents a comparative assessment of energy-saving configurations for high-purity multicomponent distillation, focusing on conventional column sequences, Dividing-Wall Columns (DWCs), side utility integration, and heat-pump-assisted systems. The objective is to evaluate each configuration’s potential for energy reduction, economic feasibility, and operational robustness. A ternary system was analyzed using shortcut design (Fenske–Underwood–Gilliland), rigorous MESH simulation, and thermodynamic targeting via Column Grand Composite Curve (CGCC). Optimization parameters included reflux ratio, stage count, feed location, and pressure. Simulations revealed that DWCs and heat-pump configurations achieved energy savings of 35–40% compared to the conventional setup. Side utility integration and feed stage/reflux optimization provided moderate reductions of 10–18%. Thermodynamic targeting identified a pinch temperature of 8°C, confirming potential for further heat integration through side reboilers and condensers. Sensitivity analysis indicated that DWCs and heat-pump systems maintained stable product purity and energy performance under ±5% feed variation. While DWCs and heat-pump systems involve higher capital costs, long-term operational savings justify investment. Control and integration complexity were addressed through discussion of adaptive strategies and predictive control methodologies. These findings suggest that intensified distillation configurations significantly enhance process efficiency and offer viable pathways toward sustainable chemical separation.
Integrated Water and Hydrogen Optimization in Chemical Plants Using Pinch-Based Mass Exchange Networks Rusman
Catalyx : Journal of Process Chemistry and Technology Vol. 2 No. 1 (2025): January 2025
Publisher : Indonesian Scientific Publication

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61978/catalyx.v2i1.1276

Abstract

Efficient management of water and hydrogen resources is a critical aspect of sustainable chemical process design. This study aims to develop a systematic methodology that integrates Water Pinch Analysis and Mass Exchange Network (MEN) optimization to reduce freshwater consumption and wastewater discharge in multi-unit chemical plants. The methodology begins with constructing a source–sink matrix from detailed process data, followed by water pinch targeting to identify minimum freshwater and wastewater flows. MEN synthesis is then formulated as a Mixed-Integer Nonlinear Programming (MINLP) model to allocate resources optimally across multiple units, considering multi-contaminant constraints. The optimization results reveal a freshwater reduction exceeding 30%, achieved through efficient reuse strategies validated by pinch-based targeting. Composite curves guided theoretical targets, while the MEN model provided actionable reuse pathways. Sensitivity analysis confirmed the robustness of the system to variations in contaminant thresholds and economic conditions. Real-world case studies in petrochemical, textile, and food sectors support the feasibility and adaptability of the proposed framework. Overall, the integration of Water Pinch and MEN methods demonstrates a scalable and cost-effective approach to sustainable resource optimization. This framework aligns with circular economy principles and sets the stage for future enhancements through real-time control and digitalization.
Optimizing Environmental Performance in Chemical Manufacturing: A TRACI and USEtox-Based Life Cycle Approach to Waste Minimization Tahirah Hasan
Catalyx : Journal of Process Chemistry and Technology Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): April 2025
Publisher : Indonesian Scientific Publication

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61978/catalyx.v2i2.1277

Abstract

Chemical manufacturing is under increasing pressure to reduce its environmental footprint. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), as defined by ISO 14040/14044, is an established method for evaluating such impacts. This study aims to integrate LCA with quantitative waste minimization metrics Process Mass Intensity (PMI) and E-Factor to evaluate the environmental benefits of process redesign. Two chemical process scenarios (baseline and improved) were assessed using a cradle-to-gate LCA approach. TRACI 2.1 and USEtox were employed to evaluate environmental impacts across categories such as climate change, human toxicity, and water use. PMI and E-Factor were calculated from foreground process data, and background inventory was sourced from the ecoinvent database. Allocation was based on mass, and uncertainty was assessed via Monte Carlo simulations and sensitivity analysis. The improved process demonstrated a 33% reduction in PMI and a 50% decrease in E-Factor, driven by solvent recovery and energy optimization strategies. Climate change impact dropped from 15.0 to 10.2 kg CO2-eq, while human toxicity and water footprint also saw substantial improvements. LCA findings provided actionable insights for process redesign, revealing that targeted waste minimization enhances overall environmental performance. While energy demands initially rose, optimization and heat integration neutralized trade-offs, supporting more sustainable operations. Integrating LCA with PMI and E-Factor offers a robust, standardized framework for evaluating waste minimization in chemical processes. This approach supports environmentally sound decision-making and can guide future innovations in green chemistry and sustainable manufacturing.
Optimizing Multiphase Catalytic Performance: A Comparative Evaluation of Structured and Oscillatory Baffled Reactors Lazuardi Firdaus
Catalyx : Journal of Process Chemistry and Technology Vol. 2 No. 4 (2025): October 2025
Publisher : Indonesian Scientific Publication

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61978/catalyx.v2i4.1278

Abstract

This study compares the performance of structured reactors and oscillatory baffled reactors (OBRs) in multiphase catalytic systems to identify optimal designs for process intensification. The objective is to assess their efficiency under standardized operating conditions for gas-liquid-solid catalytic reactions. Experimental and computational analyses were conducted using washcoated structured foams and OBRs subjected to oscillatory flow. Both systems were tested under identical temperature, pressure, and space velocity conditions. Performance metrics included conversion, selectivity, space-time yield (STY), volumetric mass transfer coefficient (kLa), and operational stability. Additional data were collected on residence time distribution (RTD), energy consumption, and maintenance requirements. Results showed that OBRs achieved higher conversion (90%) and STY (1.5 mol·L⁻¹·h⁻¹), driven by enhanced mixing and mass transfer (kLa = 0.12 s⁻¹). Structured reactors exhibited higher selectivity (92%), lower pressure drop (ΔP = 5 kPa), and improved operational stability. While OBRs demonstrated greater reactivity, they required more maintenance and energy input. The findings underscore a trade-off between catalytic performance and operational simplicity. OBRs are well-suited for mass transfer-limited systems, while structured reactors provide long-term reliability. This study offers a reactor selection framework based on process constraints, supporting intensified reactor design in catalysis.
Sustainable Design of Closed-Loop Liquid–Liquid Extraction Systems: Process Simulation and Solvent Recovery Optimization Wiwik Werdingsih; Ibtisam Ibtisam
Catalyx : Journal of Process Chemistry and Technology Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): April 2025
Publisher : Indonesian Scientific Publication

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61978/catalyx.v2i2.1283

Abstract

Liquid–liquid extraction (LLE) is a critical separation process in industrial applications, often limited by solvent losses and environmental concerns. This study presents the development and optimization of a closed-loop LLE system incorporating solvent recovery, aimed at reducing total annualized cost (TAC), solvent make-up, and CO₂ emissions. Thermodynamic modeling using NRTL and UNIQUAC was validated against experimental tie-line data to ensure accurate simulation of phase behavior. Solvent screening was conducted based on distribution coefficient, selectivity, viscosity, and safety metrics. Aspen Plus simulations modeled a multistage extractor and integrated distillation unit, followed by optimization of solvent-to-feed ratio, number of stages, and recovery conditions. The optimized closed-loop system achieved a 30% reduction in TAC, over 60% reduction in solvent make-up, and a 35% decrease in CO₂ proxy emissions compared to an open-loop benchmark. Rate-based modeling enhanced simulation fidelity, and economic and environmental metrics confirmed the sustainability of the proposed configuration. These results demonstrate the effectiveness of combining solvent recovery and process simulation to improve the sustainability and economic performance of LLE operations.
Barriers to Integration in the Global Natural Gas Market: Insights from Regional Price Trends and Volatility Analysis Lazuardi Firdaus
Catalyx : Journal of Process Chemistry and Technology Vol. 2 No. 4 (2025): October 2025
Publisher : Indonesian Scientific Publication

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61978/catalyx.v2i4.1326

Abstract

This study examines natural gas price dynamics across the United States, Europe, and Japan from 2022 to 2025 to evaluate global market integration. Using World Bank Commodity Markets Outlook data and statistical methods including coefficient of variation, price spread analysis, and volatility modeling, the study finds that despite LNG trade expansion, significant regional price differentials persist. Europe experienced sharp price spikes due to the Russia-Ukraine conflict, Japan was buffered by long-term contracts, while the US maintained the lowest and most stable prices owing to strong domestic production. In 2025, seasonal trends and storage capacity continued to shape regional pricing. The study concludes that global natural gas markets remain only partially integrated, constrained by regulatory heterogeneity, contractual rigidity, and uneven infrastructure development. Policy recommendations include establishing regional trading hubs, standardizing contracts, and investing in flexible infrastructure to enhance energy security and market resilience.

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