International Journal of Oil Palm
International Journal of Oil Palm (IJOP) is an online and print mode, a peer-reviewed research journal published by Indonesian Oil Palm Society (Masyarakat PerkelapaSawitan Indonesia, MAKSI), it provides a global publication platform for researcher, scholars, academicians, professionals and students engaged in research in oil palm industries. The main aim of IJOP is to become the world’s leading journal in oil palm that is preferred and trusted by the community through publishing authentic, peer-reviewed and scientifically developed research articles of international caliber. The journal is published three times in a year, 6-10 papers per publication, and the language of the journal is English. JOURNAL SCOPE IJOP publishes research papers in the felds of soil and crop fertilizer application, seedling preparation, cover crop management, leaf pruning, weed control, control of pest and diseases, insect pollinators management, water management, intercropping, cattle oil palm integration, environmental studies, harvesting technology, IT remote sensing GPS application, mechanization, sustainability standards, policy studies, social and economic studies, smallholders empowerment, palm oil mill improvement, biomass utilization, carbon footprint, water footprint, market studies, refinery, food and nutrition technology (oleofood, food safety, pharmaceutical, and nutraceutical) and also management of soil preparation, inorganic and organic safety, oleochemicals, downstream industry development, supply chain, and market studies. The published articles can be in the form of research articles, review paper or short communications which have not been published previously in other journals (except in the form of an abstract or academic thesis/dissertation or presented in seminar/conference).
Articles
73 Documents
<![CDATA[Second Generation Biodiesel Production from Upgrading of Palm-Based Bio-Oil: Technology Study through Process Simulation ]]>
<![CDATA[Maharani Dewi Solikhah]]>;
<![CDATA[Hanafi Prida Putra]]>;
<![CDATA[Adi Prismantoko]]>;
<![CDATA[Agus Kismanto]]>;
<![CDATA[Galuh Wirama Murti]]>;
<![CDATA[Tetsuya Araki]]>;
<![CDATA[Hiroshi Nabetani]]>
<![CDATA[ International Journal of Oil Palm Vol. 2 No. 2 (2019): May 2019 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Indonesian Oil Palm Society /IOPS (Masyarakat Perkelapa-sawitan Indonesia /MAKSI) ]]>
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DOI: 10.35876/ijop.v2i2.13
<![CDATA[Biodiesel has become favorable fuel for diesel fuel substitute to overcome the limited fossil fuel resources while facing the increasing of energy consumption. However, the use of FAME biodiesel is currently limited to mixing up to 30%. Therefore, it is necessary to consider other fuels as an alternative to diesel oil. One of them is by developing second generation biodiesel, which produced from the upgrading process of bio-oil as a result of pyrolysis. Bio-oil can be upgraded to fuel with range naphtha through two main processes that consisted of hydro-processing and catalytic cracking. Techno-economic studies on bio-oil production from oil palm biomass have been studied but the techno-economic studies up to upgraded bio-oil have not included. Before a techno-economic study was carried out, it was necessary to select the process technology route of upgrading bio-oil. Therefore, it is required to conduct a study of industry and the comparison of second generation biodiesel production technology from the upgrading of oil palm-based bio-oil to obtain an optimum process flow diagram. Process simulations were conducted using ChemCad software so that the mass balance and ratio of energy consumption was obtained. This work estimated the biofuel produced from palm residues collected from 19 units of a 60 tons/hour palm oil mill. The bio-oil input is 70.35 tons/hours with upgrading oil yield of 32.21%. The energy yield of this model is 35.7% while required 76.5 MMJ/hour of the energy. The energy required for this process can be provided by an integrated fuel upgrading facilities that connected with the palm bio-oil production plant could provide self-sustainable production facilities.]]>
<![CDATA[Water Footprint Analysis of Oil Palm: (Case Study of the Pundu Region, Central Borneo) ]]>
<![CDATA[Lisma Safitri]]>;
<![CDATA[Valensi Kautsar]]>;
<![CDATA[Sentot Purboseno]]>;
<![CDATA[Retno Keksi Wulandari]]>;
<![CDATA[Adhy Ardiyanto]]>
<![CDATA[ International Journal of Oil Palm Vol. 1 No. 3 (2018): September 2018 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Indonesian Oil Palm Society /IOPS (Masyarakat Perkelapa-sawitan Indonesia /MAKSI) ]]>
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<![CDATA[The rapid expansion of oil palm plantation areas in Indonesia is taking place every year. The impact is the emergence of various issues and opinions regarding the high environmental damage caused by excessive use of water by the crops. The water footprint scenario can be used to explain the usage of water for the oil palm. This is defined as the volume of water used to obtain one ton of fresh fruit bunches (FFB) in m3 yield-1 unit. The water footprint includes the green (water from precipitation), blue (water from surface and ground water resources) and grey water footprints (water used to dissolve fertilizers, pesticides and other chemical compounds). Based on these issues, this study was conducted to obtain the value of oil palm water footprint, in the case study area in Pundu, Central Borneo. Data used include climate, FFB production and the use of fertilizers and pesticides. The results show that the water footprint of oil palm is 1002.1 m3 ton-1 with the following plantation conditions: productivity was about 13.41 ton ha-1, the use of fertilizer was 0.12 ton ha-1, irrigation was assumed only given to pre-nursery and nursery activities. The green, blue, and grey water footprints was 876.7, 35.9 and 89.5 m3 ton-1, respectively. The oil palm in the research area were grown with the main source of water coming from precipitation, not from groundwater (blue WF is only 3.6% of total WF). The Grey WF was 8.9 % which is lower than the average Grey WF of oil crops worldwide.]]>
<![CDATA[Effect of Soybean Biodiesel Addition on the Quality of Palm Stearin Biodiesel ]]>
<![CDATA[Joelianingsih Joelianingsih]]>;
<![CDATA[Yuli Amalia Husnil]]>;
<![CDATA[Is Sulistyati Purwaningsih]]>
<![CDATA[ International Journal of Oil Palm Vol. 1 No. 3 (2018): September 2018 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Indonesian Oil Palm Society /IOPS (Masyarakat Perkelapa-sawitan Indonesia /MAKSI) ]]>
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<![CDATA[Cold flow properties and oxidation stability are two important biodiesel characteristics. Usually biodiesel has these two properties in opposing qualities. Palm stearin biodiesel contains high levels of saturated fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) in the form of 63% palmitic acid methyl ester. Thus this type of biodiesel has bad cold flow properties and good oxidation stability. On the other hand, soybean biodiesel has a high level of unsaturated FAME in the form of 53% linoleic acid methyl ester. Hence it has good cold flow properties whereas the oxidation stability is bad. According to SNI 7182:2015 the maximum temperature of cloud point is 18 °C and minimum value for oxidation stability is 8 hours. The cloud point of palm stearin biodiesel (PSB) can be lowered to below 18 °C, while keeping the oxidation stability at 8 hours, by blending it with soybean biodiesel (SB). In this experiment, cold flow properties and oxidation stability of PSB are 17.4 °C and 17 hours respectively while for the cold flow properties of SB are 0.8 °C and oxidation stability 4.5 hours. The blending was done continuously for 15 minutes with variations in PSB/SB mass ratio 97.5:2.5, 95:5, 92.5:7.5 and 90:10. The cloud point and oxidation stability were analyzed using ASTM D 5773 and EN 15751 respectively. The results showed that by lowering the mass fraction of PSB, the biodiesel blend would have lower values for cloud point while still having good properties in term of oxidation stability. In this study the PSB/SB ratio that resulted in the lowest cold flow property i.e. 16.8 °C was 90:10 with 8.53 hours of oxidation stability]]>
<![CDATA[Identification of Ganoderma boninense Infection Levels on Oil Palm Using Vegetation Index ]]>
<![CDATA[Dhimas Wiratmoko]]>;
<![CDATA[Agus Eko Prasetyo]]>;
<![CDATA[Retnadi Heru Jatmiko]]>;
<![CDATA[Muhammad Arif Yusuf]]>;
<![CDATA[Suroso Rahutomo]]>
<![CDATA[ International Journal of Oil Palm Vol. 1 No. 3 (2018): September 2018 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Indonesian Oil Palm Society /IOPS (Masyarakat Perkelapa-sawitan Indonesia /MAKSI) ]]>
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<![CDATA[Basal stem rot (BSR) is known as a deathly disease in oil palm. It can immediately cause a significant decrease in the population of oil palm per hectare. BSR is associated with infection of Ganoderma boninense. The identification of infected palms at an early stage is the key to control the disease. Manual identification by observing an individual palm in the field is the most common method; however, it is time consuming as well as laborious and expensive. A faster, less laborious, and less expensive method is by analyzing multispectral aerial photograph from unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). A study to test this method was conducted in an oil palm plantation in Batubara region, North Sumatera. The plantation was acknowledged as an endemic area of G. boninense. The objectives of this study were to identify levels of G. boninense infection in oil palm based on spectral difference by counting the vegetation index from the multispectral image of UAV and mapping the distribution of BSR infection. Four methods were used to transform vegetation index, i.e. simple ratio (SR), normalized different vegetation index (NDVI), enhanced vegetation index (EVI) and atmospherically resistance vegetation index (ARVI). The results show that the index transformation of SR, NDVI, EVI and ARVI was able to identify the infection level of G. boninese.]]>
<![CDATA[Quantitative Analysis of Saturated Monoglyerides in Palm Oil Biodiesel by Gas Cromatography-Mass Spectrometry ]]>
<![CDATA[Khairil Amri]]>;
<![CDATA[Anisa Galuh Arisanti]]>;
<![CDATA[Hanafi Prida Putra]]>;
<![CDATA[Maharani Dewi Solikhah]]>;
<![CDATA[Adi Prismantoko]]>;
<![CDATA[Meta Dewi Diaztuti]]>
<![CDATA[ International Journal of Oil Palm Vol. 1 No. 3 (2018): September 2018 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Indonesian Oil Palm Society /IOPS (Masyarakat Perkelapa-sawitan Indonesia /MAKSI) ]]>
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<![CDATA[The current issue in biodiesel implementation in Indonesia is fuel filter clogging caused by precipitates. Some studies show that the saturated monoglycerides (SMGs) contribute the formation of precipitates in biodiesels. This research used the GC-MS method with the selected ion monitoring (SIM) approach to quantify SMG in palm oil biodiesel. Monomyristin (1-C14:0), monopalmitin (1-C16:0), monostearin (1-C18:0) and monoarachidin (1-C20:0) were selected as model compounds. The analysis was carried out using thermo scientific GC-MS equipped with a 5% phenyl methyl siloxane column (30 mx0.25 mmx0.25 ?m). The fragmentation ion of certified reference material (CRM) of SMGs was determined by utilizing a scanning approach. Then, the limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantitation (LOQ) of each CRM was calculated by SIM to obtained SMG content at concentration 0.1, 0.05 and 0.025 ?g mL-1 with S N-1 ratio 3 and 9, respectively. Linearity of this method was determined at a concentration of 0.1-1.0 mg mL-1. The SMG content in palm oil-based biodiesels were analyzed through silylation with MSTFA and utilizing a monononadecanoin (1-C19:0) as in internal standard (IS). The results showed that the quantitation ion of 1-C14 ions for 1-C16:0, 1-C18:0, 1-C19:0 and 1-C20:0 were 357, 371, 399, 413 and 427 respectively. The LODs of this method were 1.48 ppb-23.97 ppb and LOQs were 4.43 ppb-71.92 ppb. This method showed a highly correlative response indicated by very high linearity with r=0.996-0.998. The highest SMG content in palm oil based biodiesel was monopalmitin (1-C16:0). Among palm based biodiesels, stearin biodiesel contained the highest SMG (0.333%-mass).]]>
<![CDATA[Critical Chemical-Quality Assessment for the Oxidative Stability of Bulk Palm Oil in Indonesia ]]>
<![CDATA[Drajat Martianto]]>;
<![CDATA[Nuri Andarwulan]]>;
<![CDATA[Donald Siahaan]]>;
<![CDATA[Desty Gitapratiwi]]>;
<![CDATA[Ria Noviar Triana]]>;
<![CDATA[Purwiyatno Hariyadi]]>
<![CDATA[ International Journal of Oil Palm Vol. 1 No. 3 (2018): September 2018 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Indonesian Oil Palm Society /IOPS (Masyarakat Perkelapa-sawitan Indonesia /MAKSI) ]]>
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<![CDATA[The main objective of this study was to assess the quality of bulk palm oil from the point of production (and its distributors) using the critical factors of vitamin A stability and carotenoids (expressed as beta-carotene) in Indonesia. The specific objectives were to analyze the peroxide value (PV), acid value of free fatty acid (FFA) and carotenoids (expressed as beta-carotene) content of unfortified bulk palm oil in Indonesia. The study showed that the quality of initial bulk palm cooking oil, both at the level of manufacturers and distributors, was inconsistent; however, it was still in compliance with the Indonesian standard for cooking oil (SNI 7709-2012). The PV and FFA range of bulk palm cooking oil analyzed was 0-8.94 meq O2 kg-1 and 0.06-0.23% respectively, and the range of carotenoids content (expressed as beta-carotene) was quite low, only 1.2-3.05 ppm, respectively. The results of this study could be used as the basis of vitamin A fortification in palm oil, since the stability of the fortificant in the oil would be affected by the initial chemical quality, especially its FFA and PV content]]>
<![CDATA[Synthesis of Nanocomposite Materials for Biodegradable Food Packaging ]]>
<![CDATA[Johnner Parningotan Sitompul]]>;
<![CDATA[Daru Setyawan]]>;
<![CDATA[Aldhita Graffi Nabila]]>;
<![CDATA[Vita Wonoputri]]>;
<![CDATA[Hyung Woo Lee]]>
<![CDATA[ International Journal of Oil Palm Vol. 2 No. 1 (2019): January 2019 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Indonesian Oil Palm Society /IOPS (Masyarakat Perkelapa-sawitan Indonesia /MAKSI) ]]>
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DOI: 10.35876/ijop.v2i1.22
<![CDATA[This paper concerns on synthesis of nancomposite materials, based on poly(D,Llactic acid)/poly(L-lactic acid). The Poly(L,D-lactic acid) (PDLLA) was produced from L,Dlactic acid through direct polycondensation method and poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA) derived from L-lactide through ring-opening polymerization method. The PDLLA/PLLA films were produced through solvent casting method. The ratio of PDLLA in the PDLLA/PLLA matrix was determined by adjusting PDLLA fraction. The nanoclay used in this experiment were natural clay (Bentonite) and modified organoclay with quaternary ammonium salt (Cloisite 30B). The PLA blend nanocomposites was produced through solution intercalation with sonication. To determine the effect of amounts of nanoclay and sonication period, these two variable were varied. To analyze chemical structure of PLA, the PLA blend film were tested using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR). The dispersion of nanoclay on the PLA blend matrix was analyzed using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) test. The properties of PLA blend nanocomposites film were then characterized using Universal Testing Machine (UTM), Water Vapor Permeability (WVP) test and the enzymatic biodegradability test. The fraction of PDLLA on the PLA blend was fixed 70 % wt. XRD test showed exfoliation of Cloisite 30B in the PLA matrix while the Bentonite was exfoliated as well as intercalated. The addition of nanoclay improved the tensile strength of PLA blend nanocomposites polymer to the number of 56.26 MPa and 37.65 MPa, respectively. Sonication period of PDLLA/PLLA nanocomposite affected the mechanical properties, barrier properties and polymer biodegradability. Moreover, from the WVP test, the barrier properties of the blend polymers was improved and increased twice compared to that of the pure PDLLA/PLLA.]]>
<![CDATA[Antioxidant Activity of Bioactive Constituents from Crude Palm Oil and Palm Methyl Ester ]]>
<![CDATA[Ahmad Gazali Sofwan Sinaga]]>;
<![CDATA[Donald Siahaan]]>
<![CDATA[ International Journal of Oil Palm Vol. 2 No. 1 (2019): January 2019 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Indonesian Oil Palm Society /IOPS (Masyarakat Perkelapa-sawitan Indonesia /MAKSI) ]]>
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DOI: 10.35876/ijop.v2i1.23
<![CDATA[Palm oil has many minor components that can act as natural antioxidant. It contains carotenoid and vitamin E. This research was conducted to determine antioxidant activity of non-polar extract from crude palm oil and fatty acid methyl ester. The oil extract obtained from crude palm oil by solvent extraction with hexane (CPO) and transesterification method followed by solvent extraction with hexane (PME). Carotene content from non-polar extracts were analyzed by using UV-visible spectrophotometer, while carotene composition (?- and ?-carotene) and vitamin E (tocopherol and tocotrienol) compositions were analyzed by using high performance liquid chromatography. Glycerides and esters content was analyzed by gas chromatography. Antioxidant activity of oil extract was determined by using 2,2’-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging assay method. Result revealed that PME has higher content carotenoid and vitamin E than CPO. As expected, the concentration of carotenoid and vitamin E in PME increased with transesterification process. Results also showed that all of non-polar extracts exhibited antioxidant activity significantly, as proven by inhibitory concentration 50% (IC50) of PME and CPO is 5.9 µg mL-1 and 15.6 µg mL-1. It is suggested that the presence of carotenoid and vitamin E may have a potential effect as natural antioxidant.]]>
<![CDATA[Rapid Inoculation Technique and Biological Control of Leaf Spot Disease in Oil Palm ]]>
<![CDATA[Delia Agustina]]>;
<![CDATA[Cahya Prihatna]]>;
<![CDATA[Antonius Suwanto]]>
<![CDATA[ International Journal of Oil Palm Vol. 2 No. 1 (2019): January 2019 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Indonesian Oil Palm Society /IOPS (Masyarakat Perkelapa-sawitan Indonesia /MAKSI) ]]>
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DOI: 10.35876/ijop.v2i1.24
<![CDATA[Oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) is one of the most efficient oil-producing crops in the world. However, fungal diseases such as basal stem rot (BSR) caused by Ganoderma sp. causes significant loss to the yield of adult palms. Apart from BSR, leaf spot disease caused by Curvularia sp. also causes significant loss during nursery stages. In this study, Curvularia sp. was isolated from a diseased palm seedling and a rapid and reproducible artificial inoculation method was developed. The technique has bioassay to determine the level of success of the control of leaf spot disease in a glasshouse setting. A natural, organic cyclic peptide fungicide and living cells of a bacterial strain Paraburkholderia sp. CP01 were tested for their efficacy to control leaf spot in oil palm seedlings. The severity of leaf spot disease in oil palm seedlings treated by organic cyclic peptide fungicide and CP01 was significantly lower than untreated control, indicating potential biological control agents. The results presented here provide technical reference and novel approach to controlling leaf spot disease of oil palm.]]>
<![CDATA[Prediction of Palm Based Biodiesel Properties Through the Preparation of Empirical Equation ]]>
<![CDATA[Joelianingsih Joelianingsih]]>;
<![CDATA[Marcelinus Christwardana]]>;
<![CDATA[Is Sulistyati Purwaningsih]]>
<![CDATA[ International Journal of Oil Palm Vol. 2 No. 1 (2019): January 2019 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Indonesian Oil Palm Society /IOPS (Masyarakat Perkelapa-sawitan Indonesia /MAKSI) ]]>
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DOI: 10.35876/ijop.v2i1.25
<![CDATA[Biodiesel is one of plant-based fuel that has been made mandatory by the Indonesian government for using in transportation, industries, and power plants. This obligation is gradually applied as stipulated in the regulation of the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources 12/2015 regarding to supply, use and plant-based fuel trade as alternative fuel. The percentage of biodiesel use was increasing from 20 % in 2016 to 30 % in 2030. The quality of biodiesel has to be continuously improved to support the regulation. Biodiesel with high performance has excellent flame characteristics, high oxidation stability and easy to flow at low temperature. These characteristics are highly determined by the composition of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME). Empirical equations were formulated based on primary data to predict the essential parameters of biodiesel, consisting of oxidation stability, cloud point, Iodine value, viscosity and density. The primary data were obtained by analyzing three biodiesel samples from domestic producers and two samples of biodiesel blend between palm stearin and soybean biodiesel. Identification results showed that all three samples have different FAME profiles which consist of palm oil biodiesel, palm stearin biodiesel and palm olein biodiesel. The empirical equations were formulated using statistical software and validated by comparing the calculated results with actual biodiesel parameters. This method reduced the testing time up to 13 working days and reduced testing cost up to 67% or IDR 1 190 000 per sample. The empirical equations formulated in this study were able to predict the essential parameters of biodiesel with the error was.]]>
