International Journal of Oil Palm
International Journal of Oil Palm (IJOP) is an online and print mode, a peer-reviewed research journal published by Indonesian Oil Palm Society (Masyarakat PerkelapaSawitan Indonesia, MAKSI), it provides a global publication platform for researcher, scholars, academicians, professionals and students engaged in research in oil palm industries. The main aim of IJOP is to become the world’s leading journal in oil palm that is preferred and trusted by the community through publishing authentic, peer-reviewed and scientifically developed research articles of international caliber. The journal is published three times in a year, 6-10 papers per publication, and the language of the journal is English. JOURNAL SCOPE IJOP publishes research papers in the felds of soil and crop fertilizer application, seedling preparation, cover crop management, leaf pruning, weed control, control of pest and diseases, insect pollinators management, water management, intercropping, cattle oil palm integration, environmental studies, harvesting technology, IT remote sensing GPS application, mechanization, sustainability standards, policy studies, social and economic studies, smallholders empowerment, palm oil mill improvement, biomass utilization, carbon footprint, water footprint, market studies, refinery, food and nutrition technology (oleofood, food safety, pharmaceutical, and nutraceutical) and also management of soil preparation, inorganic and organic safety, oleochemicals, downstream industry development, supply chain, and market studies. The published articles can be in the form of research articles, review paper or short communications which have not been published previously in other journals (except in the form of an abstract or academic thesis/dissertation or presented in seminar/conference).
Articles
73 Documents
<![CDATA[Valuation of Waste Oil Palm Biomass for Energy in Palm Oil Mill in Indonesia ]]>
<![CDATA[Armansyah Halomoan Tambunan]]>
<![CDATA[ International Journal of Oil Palm Vol. 2 No. 1 (2019): January 2019 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Indonesian Oil Palm Society /IOPS (Masyarakat Perkelapa-sawitan Indonesia /MAKSI) ]]>
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DOI: 10.35876/ijop.v2i1.26
<![CDATA[Valuation of biomass and its waste is indispensable for sustainable development of bioenergy in Indonesia. The objective of this research is to estimate the value of biomass, mainly from oil palm waste, for supporting bioenergy development in Indonesia. The research was applying thermodynamic theory to reinterpret the economic valuation by exergonomic analysis on biomass conversion to electricity. The results revealed that exergonomic value of electricity generated from oil palm fiber was 5 cents USD kWh-1, while the steam was 0.46 cents US kWh-1, under the assumption of zero biomass value. When the value of electricity was at its production base cost, the biomass (i.e. oil palm fiber) could be valuated to Rp 296.57 per kWh of its exergy content, or Rp 1 764.73 kg-1 of the biomass. The real price of shell in the field was Rp 700 kg-1. The results show that either the oil palm fiber is undervalued or the production cost of electricity generated from the fiber could be lower.]]>
<![CDATA[Preliminary Product Acceptance and Initial Price of Virgin Red Palm Oil on African Expatriate Communnity in Jakarta ]]>
<![CDATA[Mokhamad Syaefudin Andrianto]]>
<![CDATA[ International Journal of Oil Palm Vol. 2 No. 2 (2019): May 2019 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Indonesian Oil Palm Society /IOPS (Masyarakat Perkelapa-sawitan Indonesia /MAKSI) ]]>
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DOI: 10.35876/ijop.v2i2.27
<![CDATA[The development of the palm oil downstream industries is still limited eventhough various products can be made. The market acceptance becomes one of the important considerations. The research objective was to analyze the acceptance and initial price a new product of Virgin Red Palm Oil (VRPO), a kind of Red Palm Oil (RPO), one of the potential downstream palm oil products. A survey was conducted in Jakarta with African expatriate community as respondents. The samples of product VRPO with the brand of “Salmira” were given. After they tasted, they filled the questionnaire. The acceptance perception product was measured by likert scale, and initial price with the willingness to pay methods was investigated by open ended questions. The results analysed by average aprroached and optimum price used linear and logarithmic regression. This study found that product perception was very good especially in familliarity and reccomendation to buy. The new product was similar to the product available in their origin countries and when the product available, almost 90 % respondents would like to buy the product. Other results showed that packaging was preferred in 1 000 ml. The maximum willingnes to pay for 1 liter was IDR 150 000, and the minimum was IDR 20 000. The average price was IDR 70 370, and the optimum price with linear regression approached was IDR 70.809 and with the logarithmic regression approached was IDR 62.628. This study provides empirical evidence that the product is prospective eventhough it is still in the limited scope.The range willingness to pay also supports the decision maker to give the initial price.]]>
<![CDATA[Response of Immature Oil Palm Growth and CO2 emission on Intercropping System After Replanting ]]>
<![CDATA[Hariyadi Hariyadi]]>;
<![CDATA[Purwanto Mohammad Yanuar Jarwadi]]>;
<![CDATA[Diniaty Rosa]]>;
<![CDATA[Mulyadi Tri]]>;
<![CDATA[Kurniawati Ani]]>
<![CDATA[ International Journal of Oil Palm Vol. 2 No. 2 (2019): May 2019 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Indonesian Oil Palm Society /IOPS (Masyarakat Perkelapa-sawitan Indonesia /MAKSI) ]]>
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DOI: 10.35876/ijop.v2i2.30
<![CDATA[One of the problems in smallholder oil palm plantations was the financing for replanting and loss of revenues during immature oil palm period. One alternative to the problem was the development of an adaptive plant system through intercropping crops planted among immature oil palm crops. The research was conducted in banjar seminai village, dayun subdistrict, siak regency, Riau Province on May to October 2017. The study used a factorial randomized block design with three replications. Annual crops treatment consists of corn, soybean, eggplant and chili. The results showed that there was positive response of oil palm height on intercropping systems. Corn intercropping plants increased the height of oil palm crops. The intercropping plants had no significant effect on the number of leaf midrib and the width of oil palm canopy. Monoculture oil palm crops without intercropping produced average emissions of 8.78 t CO2 ha-1yr-1. Oil palm intercrop with eggplant and soybean produces the highest CO2 emissions of 10.4 and 10.2 t CO2 ha-¹yr-¹, while oil palm in intercrop with chili produced the lowest CO2 emissions of 8.66 t CO2 ha-1yr-¹.]]>
<![CDATA[Palm Oil in Gelato for Better Melting and Mouthfeel Properties ]]>
<![CDATA[Eddy Kemenady]]>;
<![CDATA[Muhammad Eka Pramudita]]>;
<![CDATA[Muhammad Arief Prabawa]]>
<![CDATA[ International Journal of Oil Palm Vol. 2 No. 2 (2019): May 2019 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Indonesian Oil Palm Society /IOPS (Masyarakat Perkelapa-sawitan Indonesia /MAKSI) ]]>
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DOI: 10.35876/ijop.v2i2.32
<![CDATA[Recently, the growth of gelato outlets in Bali, Surabaya, Jakarta, and many cities in Indonesia hit 30-45% since 2013 to 2018. The gelato outlet has good margin at least 50% gross profit. However, the consumers need gelato not only good in taste but also it is not easy to melt. In modern world the formulations are based on premix of modified starch, sugar, emulsifier, stabilizers and milk solid nonfat. One of most popular brands of gelato premix is imported from Italy. In recent years, the use of palm oil in gelato is hardly reviewed. However, in ice cream business, palm oil is used widely. The fat blends of palm oil and palm kernel oil at PO/PKO (30/70; w w-1) was used, because the solid fat content (SFC) properties is similar to the SFC of butter oil. The level of this fat blend in gelato was varied from 5, 8, 10 and 12%. This research showed that the optimum fat blend addition in formula was found at 8%. The dripped test is used at 28 °C ambient temperature to measure heat stability. It was found that the more fat blend in gelato, the more stable the texture to heat shock and made the gelato easy to scoop as well. The cost in formulation with this 8% palm oil blend to gelato formulation is only 2.8%. Therefore, the palm oil blend in gelato formulation gives significant improvement melting and mouthfeel properties at insignificant cost addition.]]>
<![CDATA[Impact of Increasing in Production Capacity of CPO Downstream Industries on Competitiveness and Welfare of Oil Palm Farmers in Indonesia ]]>
<![CDATA[Novindra Novindra]]>;
<![CDATA[Bonar M Sinaga]]>;
<![CDATA[Sri Hartoyo]]>;
<![CDATA[Erwidodo Erwidodo]]>
<![CDATA[ International Journal of Oil Palm Vol. 2 No. 2 (2019): May 2019 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Indonesian Oil Palm Society /IOPS (Masyarakat Perkelapa-sawitan Indonesia /MAKSI) ]]>
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DOI: 10.35876/ijop.v2i2.33
<![CDATA[Indonesia is the largest country in exporting crude palm oil (CPO) to the world market. However, the production capacity of the CPO downstream industries in Indonesia must continue to be increased, bearing in mind that Indonesia also imports CPO derivative products. In addition, oil palm plantations in Indonesia still face environmental and social issues, such as: deforestation, damage to peatlands, destruction of wildlife habitat (such as orang-utans), and land tenure conflicts. In this connection, Indonesia needs to continue to develop the CPO downstream industries that can increase added value and foreign exchange, absorb employment, and address environmental and social issues. Therefore we need appropriate government policies to support the development of the CPO downstream industries. The purposes of writing this paper were to analyze the factors that influence CPO demand by the CPO downstream industries (ie: palm cooking oil, margarine and soap industry) in Indonesia, and to evaluate the impact of facilitation policy that increasing production capacity of the CPO downstream industries on the CPO competitiveness of Indonesia-Malaysia and the palm cooking oil, margarine and soap competitiveness of Indonesia, as well as the welfare of oil palm farmers in the 2015-2017 period. This paper was part of the dissertation research results that using the CPO industry econometrics model. The dissertation model specification is a dynamic simultaneous equation consisting of 71 behavioral equations and 51 identities, while the model was estimated and simulated using the 2SLS and Newton methods. The results showed that the production capacity of the CPO downstream industries affected CPO demand by the CPO downstream industries. Furthermore, if the production capacity of CPO downstream industries (palm cooking oil, margarine, soap, biodiesel and others) increases, it will increase the Indonesian competitiveness in export CPO and its derivative and welfare of oil palm farmers in Indonesia.]]>
<![CDATA[Is it True that Oil Palm Plantations are the Main Driver of Indonesia’s Tropical Forest Deforestation? ]]>
<![CDATA[Yanto Santosa]]>;
<![CDATA[Arzyana Sunkar]]>;
<![CDATA[Rozza Tri Kwatrina]]>
<![CDATA[ International Journal of Oil Palm Vol. 3 No. 1 (2020): January 2020 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Indonesian Oil Palm Society /IOPS (Masyarakat Perkelapa-sawitan Indonesia /MAKSI) ]]>
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DOI: 10.35876/ijop.v3i1.37
<![CDATA[The extent to which oil palm has contributed to deforestation of primary forests is still an intensive debate in public space. Even though the term deforestation and the results of the study and study are still "debatable" and have not been scientifically valid, they have had a very debilitating effect and detrimental to Indonesia's position in global trade because it is considered responsible for the destruction of primary natural forests in the Southeast Asia region. Therefore, since 2015, research has been carried out on the origin of status, history of land use, land-cover and biodiversity in several oil palm plantations in 6 provinces (Riau, North Sumatra, South Sumatra, Central Kalimantan, West Kalimantan and West Sulawesi). The results of the search for the origins of the status of oil palm plantations (according to the RTRWP) show that 98.56% of the candidates for oil palm plantation areas are "not forested", namely: APL (54.93%), Plantation and Agriculture (42.19%). Furthermore, the results of interpretation of Landsat imagery on the condition of vegetation cover at 1 year before being made into oil palm plantations indicate that the type of land cover is no longer in the form of primary forest, but already in the form of shrubs and bare-land or rubber-plantation (68,91%). Likewise with the results of the search history of land use (see slide) where 71.29% of the land under study is the land of ex-community gardens, fields, transmigration land, or ex-HGU of other companies. While the rest (28.71%) is ex-HPH land. Referring to the juridical definition of "deforestation", this data shows that oil palm plantation land which is the location of the study "is not the result of deforestation". Referring to both the juridical definition and the FAO/World Bank definition of "deforestation", this data shows that oil palm plantation land which is the location of the study "is not a direct cause of primary deforestation".]]>
<![CDATA[Verification of AOCS Cd 29a-13: 2013 Method for 3-Chloropropane-1.2-Diol Esters and Glycidol Esters Analysis in Palm Oil ]]>
<![CDATA[Zada Agna Talitha]]>;
<![CDATA[Nuri Andarwulan]]>;
<![CDATA[Didah Nur Faridah]]>
<![CDATA[ International Journal of Oil Palm Vol. 3 No. 1 (2020): January 2020 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Indonesian Oil Palm Society /IOPS (Masyarakat Perkelapa-sawitan Indonesia /MAKSI) ]]>
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DOI: 10.35876/ijop.v3i1.41
<![CDATA[Fatty acid esters of 3-Chloropropane-1,2-diol (3-MCPD) and Glycidol were contaminants in fat-rich foods such as palm oil. These contaminants have received serious concern since they may cause cancer in humans. Several methods have been developed to analyze 3-MCPDEs and GEs especially in refined palm oil, including AOCS Cd 29a-13 2013 with aid of GC-MS. Principally, it involves transesterification promoted by H2SO4 in MeOH, then derivatized using PBA (Phenylboronic Acid). The verification was required before applying this method in laboratory. The instrument performance analysis showed that linearity response (r) reaching up to 0.997 for 3-MCPD and 0.998 for Glycidol, determined from a linear regression using internal standards and external standards at the range of 0.3-9.3 mg/kg (3-MCPD) and 0.6-21.3 mg/kg(Glycidol). The precision of retention time in 3-MCPD and Glycidol demonstrated satisfying results, RSD = 0,03% (3-MCPD-d5), RSD = 0,02% (3-MCPD), RSD = 0.03% (Gly-d5) and RSD = 0.03% (Glycidol). The LoD was observed at 0.037 mg/kg (3-MCPD) and 0.072 mg/kg (Glycidol), while the LoQ was found at 0.123 mg/kg (3-MCPD) and 0.241 mg/kg (Glycidol). The verification method showed that recovery percentage for 3-MCPD and Glycidol was 92.19% and 88.38%. The precision of retention time results, RSD = 0.05% (3-MCPD) and RSD = 0.04% (Glycidol) and the precision of concentration results showing RSD Analysis value?<2/3 RSD Horwitz. Within the RSD analysis of lab reproducibility was obtained at 3.42% (3-MCPD) and 3.64% (Gly) less than the value of RSDh. This method also have a good specificity. Based on the verification results, this method meets all requirements and therefore can be applied for analysis in the laboratory.]]>
<![CDATA[Study on Characteristics of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch to Predict Condensation Temperature of Tar From Its Pyrolysis Gas ]]>
<![CDATA[Joni Joni]]>;
<![CDATA[Armansyah Halomoan Tambunan]]>;
<![CDATA[Radite Praeko Agus Setiawan]]>;
<![CDATA[Kiman Siregar]]>
<![CDATA[ International Journal of Oil Palm Vol. 2 No. 3 (2019): September 2019 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Indonesian Oil Palm Society /IOPS (Masyarakat Perkelapa-sawitan Indonesia /MAKSI) ]]>
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DOI: 10.35876/ijop.v2i3.42
<![CDATA[Palm oil is one type of plants that has various advantages. One of the advantages is almost all parts of the plant, such as trunk, empty fruit bunch (EFB), and the extracted oil, can be utilized as energy. Utilization of EFB for energy, especially the use of combustible gas as direct feed of combustion engines to generate electricity is still rarely used. This is related to the water content and the large amount of volatile substances that will give an unfavorable impact on the quality of the gas produced. To overcome this, information on the characteristics and thermophysical properties, such as dew point, of gases from the EFB biomass is indispensable. In this study, three EFB samples were taken from three different environmental conditions, namely samples A, B and C, to be analyzed. The elemental and proximate analysis as well as GCMS pyrolysis test of the samples were then used to characterize the EFB and determine its thermo-physical properties in terms of its dew point. The elemental analysis of the EFB samples showed disparity of its content, which was around 52.08 ± 7.59% (C), 7.05 ± 0.53% (H), 2.28 ± 0.43% (N), 0.35 ± 0.36% (S) and 34.84 ± 4.45% (O). Likewise, the proximate analysis showed differences around 4.49 ± 2.60% (MC), 5.80 ± 1.97% (FC) and 73.44 ± 3.78% (VM). From the elemental and proximate analysis, it can be predicted that tar compounds produced from pyrolysis of the EFB at a temperature of 400oC, was in the form of mixed oxidation compounds (mixed oxygenates). The compounds were classified as the first tar compound (class 2) consisting of phenols (ketones, phenol and guaiacol). The condensation temperature and the concentration of the tar in its pyrolysis gas were predicted to be 204.22oC, tar 1720.79 mg/Nm3 (sample A); 256.02oC, tar 92.97 mg/Nm3 (sample B); and154.85oC, tar 359.02 mg/Nm3 (sample C), respectively. This information can be useful in designing the tar elimination devices from the pyrolysis gas.]]>
<![CDATA[Effects of Environment and Nutritional Conditions on mycelial growth of Ganoderma boninense ]]>
<![CDATA[Shih Hao Tony Peng]]>;
<![CDATA[Chee Kong Yap]]>;
<![CDATA[Peng Fei Ren]]>;
<![CDATA[Ee Wen Chai]]>
<![CDATA[ International Journal of Oil Palm Vol. 2 No. 3 (2019): September 2019 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Indonesian Oil Palm Society /IOPS (Masyarakat Perkelapa-sawitan Indonesia /MAKSI) ]]>
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DOI: 10.35876/ijop.v2i3.43
<![CDATA[The Basal Stem Rot disease is caused by the soil-borne pathogen, Ganoderma boninense. It is an annihilating and widespread disease in oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.). The nutritional studies were conducted to know the best sources of carbon and nitrogen, ideal pH regimes, the best humidity and optimum temperature required for the mycelial growth of G. boninense. Out of six carbon sources tested, fructose and glucose proved to be the best carbon sources for the mycelial growth of G. boninense. Out of five nitrogen sources tested, ammonium citrate and ammonium nitrate were noticeably found as the best nitrogen sources for the mycelial growth. Studies on different pH regimes in medium with 83% potatoes and 75% lignocellulosic materials revealed that the ideal pH regimes for the mycelial growth were 4-5. The best humidity for mycelial growth of G. boninense was found between 50-60%. It is suitable to grow between 25 and 32°C, while the optimum temperature is 32°C. This information can be used as a guideline for Ganoderma’s disease prevention study and control strategies in the oil palm plantation in the future]]>
<![CDATA[Kinetics of Vitamin A Degradation and Oxidation of Palm Oil Fortified with Retinyl Palmitate and ?-Carotene from Red Palm Oil ]]>
<![CDATA[Krisna Margaretta Malau]]>;
<![CDATA[Nuri Andarwulan]]>;
<![CDATA[Drajat Martianto]]>;
<![CDATA[Desty Gitapratiwi]]>;
<![CDATA[Ayu Cahyaning Wulan]]>;
<![CDATA[Dwi Fitriani]]>;
<![CDATA[Purwiyatno Hariyadi]]>
<![CDATA[ International Journal of Oil Palm Vol. 2 No. 3 (2019): September 2019 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Indonesian Oil Palm Society /IOPS (Masyarakat Perkelapa-sawitan Indonesia /MAKSI) ]]>
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DOI: 10.35876/ijop.v2i3.44
<![CDATA[Retinyl palmitate and ?-carotene from red palm oil (RPO-?-carotene) can be used as sources to fortify vegetable oil. The present study tested three types of bulk palm cooking oil with a peroxide value (PV) of 0, ±4, and ±8 mEq O2kg-1 which each was fortified with retinyl palmitate or RPO-?-carotene alone and combination of both fortificants. The stability of the fortificants in oil samples during storage was investigated. A kinetic analysis of oxidation reaction in fortified palm cooking oil stored in tightly closed amber vials in the dark at different temperatures (60±5, 75±5, and 90±5 °C) was conducted, and then PV, vitamin A concentration and their change rate of reaction in the oils were measured. It reveals that initial PV and mixture of retinyl palmitate and RPO-?-carotene in fortified oil affected the oil stability. Higher initial PV of oil increased the reaction rate constant of peroxide formation and degradation of vitamin A activity during storage. Oxidation reactions of oil samples fortified with the mixtures of retinyl palmitate and RPO-?-carotene was faster than that fortified with retinyl palmitate or RPO-?-carotene only. Our research suggests that applying single fortificant of retinyl palmitate or RPO-?-carotene in oil is more stable than that fortified with combination of both fortificants.]]>
