International Journal of Oil Palm
International Journal of Oil Palm (IJOP) is an online and print mode, a peer-reviewed research journal published by Indonesian Oil Palm Society (Masyarakat PerkelapaSawitan Indonesia, MAKSI), it provides a global publication platform for researcher, scholars, academicians, professionals and students engaged in research in oil palm industries. The main aim of IJOP is to become the world’s leading journal in oil palm that is preferred and trusted by the community through publishing authentic, peer-reviewed and scientifically developed research articles of international caliber. The journal is published three times in a year, 6-10 papers per publication, and the language of the journal is English. JOURNAL SCOPE IJOP publishes research papers in the felds of soil and crop fertilizer application, seedling preparation, cover crop management, leaf pruning, weed control, control of pest and diseases, insect pollinators management, water management, intercropping, cattle oil palm integration, environmental studies, harvesting technology, IT remote sensing GPS application, mechanization, sustainability standards, policy studies, social and economic studies, smallholders empowerment, palm oil mill improvement, biomass utilization, carbon footprint, water footprint, market studies, refinery, food and nutrition technology (oleofood, food safety, pharmaceutical, and nutraceutical) and also management of soil preparation, inorganic and organic safety, oleochemicals, downstream industry development, supply chain, and market studies. The published articles can be in the form of research articles, review paper or short communications which have not been published previously in other journals (except in the form of an abstract or academic thesis/dissertation or presented in seminar/conference).
Articles
73 Documents
<![CDATA[Development Strategy of Indonesian Palm Oil Industrial Cluster Based International Trade Connectivity ]]>
<![CDATA[Sapta Raharja]]>;
<![CDATA[Setiadi Djohar]]>;
<![CDATA[Dwi Aryanthi]]>
<![CDATA[ International Journal of Oil Palm Vol. 4 No. 2 (2021) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Indonesian Oil Palm Society /IOPS (Masyarakat Perkelapa-sawitan Indonesia /MAKSI) ]]>
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DOI: 10.35876/ijop.v4i2.59
<![CDATA[Indonesia is the largest producer and the exporter of palm oil in the world which has three palm oil industrial cluster (POIC) areas that are Sei Mangkei (North Sumatera), Dumai (Riau), and Maloy (East Kalimantan). To carry out the delivery of palm oil products to the destination countries, the Palm oil from the three POICs must be transshipment in Malaysia and Singapore. In line with this issues, a strategy to develop the POIC based international connectivity need to be done. This study aims to identify the actual conditions of POIC Indonesia, to determine the factors (internal and external) that influence the development of POIC, and to formulate priority strategy for developing POIC Indonesia. These are needed so that Indonesia can become a hub port of international trade especially in Asia. This research uses "Diamonds" Porter’s Model, gap analysis, and the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). Based on the analysis connectivity, the main strategy that can be formulated in order to develop Indonesian palm oil industry cluster is infrastructure improvements. This strategy can be done if the government (the Ministry of economy, Ministry of industry and trade, Ministry of sea, PT PELINDO, and local government), private sector, academic, and the public is able to work together and integrated.]]>
<![CDATA[Formulation of Biodegreaser Made from Palm Oil Methyl Ester Sulfonate Surfactant with Oxalic Acid Additive ]]>
<![CDATA[Illah Sailah]]>;
<![CDATA[Erliza Hambali]]>;
<![CDATA[Fadilla Eka Aulyana]]>
<![CDATA[ International Journal of Oil Palm Vol. 4 No. 2 (2021) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Indonesian Oil Palm Society /IOPS (Masyarakat Perkelapa-sawitan Indonesia /MAKSI) ]]>
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DOI: 10.35876/ijop.v4i2.62
<![CDATA[The development of bio degreaser made from palm oil surfactant aims to substitute bio degreaser made from petroleum surfactant which is less environmentally friendly. The development was carried out by formulating palm methyl ester sulfonate (MES) surfactant with oxalic acid as metal or non-metal cleaning agent. The purpose of this study was to obtain the best concentration of oxalic acid in the bio degreaser formulation. The concentrations of oxalic acid tested were 7, 8, and 9%. The best concentration of oxalic acid was determined based on the results of characteristic tests and detergency tests, namely 7% oxalic acid concentration. The resulting bio degreaser product has a pH of 1.6; viscosity 1.39 cp; specific gravity of 1.012; surface tension 32 dyne/cm and detergency power 84%. Furthermore, the resulting bio degreaser was added with Diethanolamioda (DEA) surfactant. The purpose of adding DEA surfactant is to increase the pH and lower the surface tension. The formulation results showed an increase in pH from 1.6 to 3.2 and a decrease in surface tension from 31.97 dyne/cm to 28.70 dyne/cm. In addition, there was an increase in viscosity from 1.39 cp to 1.62 cp and specific gravity from 1.012 to 1.018.]]>
<![CDATA[The Readiness of Self-Manage Oil Palm Farmers at Sekadau District in ISPO Implementation ]]>
<![CDATA[Eka Jaya Soebirin]]>;
<![CDATA[Maswadi]]>;
<![CDATA[Anita Suharyani]]>
<![CDATA[ International Journal of Oil Palm Vol. 4 No. 2 (2021) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Indonesian Oil Palm Society /IOPS (Masyarakat Perkelapa-sawitan Indonesia /MAKSI) ]]>
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DOI: 10.35876/ijop.v4i2.66
<![CDATA[Based on data from the Directorate General of Plantations in 2018, the tendency of expanding the acreage of self-contained oil palm plantations is continuing. It is feared that the continued expansion of land by both companies and smallholder plantations could cause natural damage and gas emissions that lead to the loss of biodiversity. This has led to a lot of criticism from various parties stating that the palm oil industry is responsible for all the risks that occur. To overcome this, the government implements a governance system (certification) for the entire palm oil industry. Indonesian Sustainable Palm Oil (ISPO) is a certification system issued by Indonesian government to reduce the negative impacts of land expansion and to achieve sustainable palm oil. In its implementation in the field, the implementation of ISPO encounters several obstacles, particularly independent plantations such as difficult and complex legality issues, lack of knowledge that causes a lot of land clearing by burning and continuous land expansion. This research needs to be conducted to see the readiness of independent oil palm smallholders in implementing ISPO with descriptive methods and gap analysis. This research was conducted in Engkersik Village, Sekadau Hilir District, Sekadau Regency, the method of determining the sample was using slovin, amounting to 31 farmers. ISPO consist of 4 principles, criteria and indicators are used as variables in this study. The analysis results of all the principle show that farmers are ready with a readiness percentage of 60.9%, where each principle’s percentage of The Legality of Self-Manage Plantation is 75%, The Organization of Farmers and Management of Self-Manage Plantation is 62%, Environmental Management and Monitoring is 43%, and Continuious Business Improvement is 58%, although there are still gaps in its application. For this reason, it is necessary to carry out more effective socialization and training to farmers to minimize the gap.]]>
<![CDATA[Impact of the European Union Regulations on Indonesian Oil Palm Smallholder Farmers ]]>
<![CDATA[Mohamad Fadhil Hasan]]>;
<![CDATA[Ilma Fadhil]]>;
<![CDATA[Mirah M. Fahmid]]>;
<![CDATA[Tauhid Ahmad]]>
<![CDATA[ International Journal of Oil Palm Vol. 5 No. 1 (2022) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Indonesian Oil Palm Society /IOPS (Masyarakat Perkelapa-sawitan Indonesia /MAKSI) ]]>
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DOI: 10.35876/ijop.v5i1.69
<![CDATA[ In 2020 Indonesian smallholder farmers produced around 35 % of the total palm oil production, the most traded vegetable oil. Smallholders play an essential role in developing country economies – most strikingly due to their success at reducing poverty and improving social benefits. The cultivation of palm oil has proven benefits for the smallholders themselves and the local community. However, oil palm smallholders are at risk of being cut out of global supply chains by European union (EU) regulations. The EU’s discrimination against palm oil smallholders is wide-ranging, including the EU Renewable Energy Directive II and the forthcoming Due Diligence Regulation imposing restrictions designed to undermine Indonesian palm oil in the global marketplace. This paper elaborates on how palm oil smallholders contribute to desirable economic and social goals and how the approach of the EU is deliberately undermining those goals.]]>
<![CDATA[Efficacy of Microbial Concortia with Liquid Organic Fertilizer for Leaf Spot Disease Control on Oil Palm Nursery ]]>
<![CDATA[Akhmad Faisal Malik]]>;
<![CDATA[Tiara Dwi Nurmalita]]>;
<![CDATA[Anastastia Raditya Hidayanti]]>
<![CDATA[ International Journal of Oil Palm Vol. 5 No. 1 (2022) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Indonesian Oil Palm Society /IOPS (Masyarakat Perkelapa-sawitan Indonesia /MAKSI) ]]>
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DOI: 10.35876/ijop.v5i1.70
<![CDATA[Leaf spot is the primary disease on oil palm nurseries. The symptom of the disease is leaf spots are round to oval in shape and vary in color from yellow to brown to black. The initial size may be as small as a pin point. Some leaf spots initially appear as lesions. During disease development, leaf spots will have a contrasting colored edge or halo - e.g., brown spot with a yellow halo, tan center with brown edge or gray center with black edge and a yellow halo. As the leaf spots expand in size, the shape and coloration may change. As the disease progresses, leaf spots often coalesce (merge together) to form large areas of blighted tissue. If the disease continues to develop, leaflets or the entire leaf may die prematurely. The disease also causes stunted and even plant death. Disease control methods that rely primarily on biological agents and do not include fertilizers are less effective in the field. Therefore, the development of organic fertilizer formulations and the use of biocontrol agents are expected to assist oil palm nurseries in suppressing leaf spot disease. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of organic fertilizer and biocontrol agents on leaf spot disease. The results showed that the treatment of Organic Fertilizer and biocontrol agents was able to reduce 47.19% leaf spot disease after five weeks of application.]]>
<![CDATA[Liquid Smoke from Coconut Shell Pyrolysis Process on Palm Surfactant Based Liquid Hand Soap ]]>
<![CDATA[Shafira Nurfadhila]]>;
<![CDATA[Erliza Hambali]]>
<![CDATA[ International Journal of Oil Palm Vol. 5 No. 2 (2022) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Indonesian Oil Palm Society /IOPS (Masyarakat Perkelapa-sawitan Indonesia /MAKSI) ]]>
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DOI: 10.35876/ijop.v5i2.71
<![CDATA[The use of synthetic antibacterial liquid hand soap such as triclosan has begun to be avoided. Therefore it is necessary to find an antibacterial alternative that is safe for the skin and friendly to the environment. One of the environmentally friendly antibacterial alternatives is liquid smoke resulting from the pyrolysis process from coconut shells. The purpose of this study was to obtain the right concentration of liquid smoke for liquid hand soap made from palm MES surfactants and glycerol. The stages of the research were raw material analysis, liquid soap formulation (surfactant methyl ester sulfonate 7.5%, surfactant diethanolamide 5%, palm glycerol 9%, sodium chloride 1%, liquid smoke grade I, and distilled water). The treatments in this study were the addition of 1, 3, and 5% grade I liquid smoke. The next stage is an analysis of the physicochemical properties of the resulting liquid soap product, quality test was carried out based on SNI 2588: 2017, and a product effectiveness test. Liquid soap with the addition of 1% liquid smoke showed the best results with a density value of 1.037 g cm-3, specific gravity 1.04, viscosity 11,560 cP, surface tension 29.08 dyne cm-1, pH 7.2, free fatty acids 0.27%, ingredients insoluble in ethanol 0.14%, the total active ingredient is 12.52%, the number of plates is 990 CFU g-1, the colony reduction is 61.13%, and has the minimal pungent aroma.]]>
<![CDATA[Genetic Variability and Performance of MPOB-Nigeria Dura x AVROS Pisifera Planting Materials ]]>
<![CDATA[Nor Azwani Abu Bakar]]>;
<![CDATA[Fadila Ahmad Malike]]>;
<![CDATA[Mohddin Amiruddin]]>;
<![CDATA[meilina ong Abdullah]]>
<![CDATA[ International Journal of Oil Palm Vol. 5 No. 1 (2022) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Indonesian Oil Palm Society /IOPS (Masyarakat Perkelapa-sawitan Indonesia /MAKSI) ]]>
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DOI: 10.35876/ijop.v5i1.76
<![CDATA[ A long-term evaluation on fourteen D x P progenies of introgressed MPOB-Nigeria dura x AVROS pisifera were laid down in a randomized complete block design in two replicates with 371 palms in 2002. The aim was to evaluate the performance of fresh fruit bunch yield, bunch quality and vegetative traits among progenies. Analysis of variance revealed highly significant difference for all traits, indicating the existence of substantial variability within these population. In all cases, the phenotypic coefficient of variance was higher than the genotypic coefficients. Broad-sense heritability values estimated ranged from 8.85% to 100% for all the traits studied. The fresh fruit bunch also was found to be positively and highly correlated with bunch number, average bunch weight, oil yield ratio and kernel yield ratio. PK 3248 and PK 3166 were preferred as potential parental lines in breeding programmes and to be included in introgression with advanced breeding populations such as Deli dura.]]>
<![CDATA[Potential for Utilizing POME to Produce Biohydrogen Gas Using Microbial Electrolysis Cell ]]>
<![CDATA[Ferdy Christian Hartanto]]>;
<![CDATA[Nadia Nurul Atikah]]>;
<![CDATA[Mohammad Sahid Indrawan]]>;
<![CDATA[Armansyah Halomoan Tambunan]]>
<![CDATA[ International Journal of Oil Palm Vol. 5 No. 2 (2022) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Indonesian Oil Palm Society /IOPS (Masyarakat Perkelapa-sawitan Indonesia /MAKSI) ]]>
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DOI: 10.35876/ijop.v5i2.78
<![CDATA[Palm oil mill effluent contains organic matter and microorganisms that can potentially be reused despite of its impact to the environment. Microbial electrolysis cell is a method that utilizes electrogenic bacteria to produce hydrogen gas. This study aims to explore the potential for utilizing palm oil mill effluent to produce hydrogen gas using microbial electrolysis cells. Experiments were conducted in a specially built MEC reactor with a 3.5 L capacity with 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 V with carbon fiber cloth as electrodes. A gas analyzer was used to measure hydrogen gas over the course of 24 h at a 2 h interval. Palm oil mill effluent was utilized as a substrate, while distilled water was used as a control. Experiments demonstrate that the amount of hydrogen gas produced increases as the voltage increases, with values of 37 mg m-3 at 0.5 V, 136 mg m-3 at 1.0 V, and 358 mg m-3 at 1.5 V. When comparing the yield of hydrogen gas produced with distilled water substrate at 1.5 V, the yield of palm oil mill effluent substrate is always higher. This could be due to microbial activity increasing the rate of electrolysis of the substrate into hydrogen gas.]]>
<![CDATA[Tree Diversity Enhance Species Richness of Beneficial Insect in Experimental Biodiversity Enrichment in Oil Palm Plantation ]]>
<![CDATA[Azru Azhar]]>;
<![CDATA[Muhammad Iqbal Tawakkal]]>;
<![CDATA[Adha Sari]]>;
<![CDATA[Akhmad Rizali]]>;
<![CDATA[Suria Darma Tarigan]]>;
<![CDATA[Rizky Nazarreta]]>;
<![CDATA[Damayanti Buchori]]>
<![CDATA[ International Journal of Oil Palm Vol. 5 No. 2 (2022) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Indonesian Oil Palm Society /IOPS (Masyarakat Perkelapa-sawitan Indonesia /MAKSI) ]]>
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DOI: 10.35876/ijop.v5i2.82
<![CDATA[Integrating plantation landscape with vegetation/tree diversity has been proposed as a strategy to maintain crop production (for livelihood) while increasing biodiversity, habitat complexity and ecological functions. The objective of this research was to investigate the influence of tree biodiversity in experimental biodiversity enrichment in oil palm plantation to beneficial insects, especially ants and parasitoid wasps in the EFForTS-BEE research plot. Beneficial insects in experimental enrichment oil palm plantation are very important to be studied so that ecosystem services that are related with the changes of the plant structures over time can be understood better. Insect collections were done in two years, 2018 and 2019. Direct sampling was used to collect actual insects, pitfall traps to trap ground dwelling insects, yellow pan traps and malaise trap to trap low-flying insects, and sweep net to collect general insects. Overall, we collected 76 species of 6423 individual ants, and 174 morphospecies of 867 parasitoid wasps in this research. Abundance of ants and parasitoid wasps were not influenced either by tree diversity level in the plot nor the various plant diversity. In contrast, tree diversity level has strongly influenced species richness of ants and partially affected species richness of parasitoid wasps. In conclusion, there are positive correlation between ants’ and parasitoid wasps’ species richness and vegetation abundance.]]>
<![CDATA[New Nonwoven Fabrics for Pollination Control Bags for Oil Palm: New pollination bags for oil palm ]]>
<![CDATA[Light, Marnie E]]>;
<![CDATA[Virk, Daljit Singh]]>;
<![CDATA[Senior, Hannah]]>
<![CDATA[ International Journal of Oil Palm Vol. 6 No. 1 (2023) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Indonesian Oil Palm Society /IOPS (Masyarakat Perkelapa-sawitan Indonesia /MAKSI) ]]>
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DOI: 10.35876/ijop.v6i1.85
<![CDATA[Oil palm hybridisation requires the isolation of inflorescences with pollination control bags (PCBs) for which polyester duraweb® PCBs are used at the Dami Oil Palm Research Station in Papua New Guinea. For widening the choices of nonwoven PCBs we compared the performance of PCBs from three new types of nonwoven fabrics with the standard duraweb® PCB on 9-year-old clonal palms in one of the Dami SUPERFAMILY® seed gardens. The station typically experiences a humid climate and received weekly total rainfall ranging from 53 to 228 mm (total rainfall 1035 mm) during the reproductive phase in March and April 2020, when the trial was conducted. Analyses of variance of a number of traits such as time taken to install the bags, bag intactness, spine damage and water absorption of bags, bunch weight, healthy and total seed number and weight, seed health score, and 100-seed weight were all non-significant. The average number of healthy seeds per bunch was 1120 seeds with mean weight of 376 g per 100 seeds. Blank pollinations showed equal pollen-proofing ability among all bags without any noticeable insect entry. This study, for the first time, has identified three other nonwoven fabric PCBs with no statistical differences from the control duraweb® bags for most of the important traits, and provides new alternatives to reduce the dependency on only one type of fabric which, when in short supply, could adversely affect the plant breeding and seed production programmes.]]>
