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Cermin Dunia Kedokteran
Published by PT. Kalbe Farma Tbk.
ISSN : 0125913X     EISSN : 25032720     DOI : 10.55175
Core Subject : Health,
Health Professions
Cermin Dunia Kedokteran (CDK) is a Medical Journal published since 1974 and affiliated with PT Kalbe Farma Tbk. CDK is intended to help accommodate scientific publications and help increase and disseminate knowledge related to the development of medical science, pharmacy, and public health. CDK covers the disciplines of medicine, pharmacy, and health with several types of articles, namely: 1. Research 2. Literature review 3. Case report 4. Evidence-based case report (EBCR), systematic review 5. Other scientific articles Based on the SK Kemendikbudristek Nomor 152/E/KPT/2023, CDK has obtained Rank 4 (SINTA 4) for Scientific Journals.
Arjuna Subject : Kedokteran - Kedokteran (Lain-Lain)
Articles 1,288 Documents
 18   19   20   21   22 
Tinjauan Atas Pioderma Inosensia Diajeng Kusumo; Kenny
Cermin Dunia Kedokteran Vol 49 No 4 (2022): Penyakit Dalam
Publisher : PT Kalbe Farma Tbk.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55175/cdk.v49i4.220

Abstract

Pioderma adalah infeksi kulit piogenik yang sering disebabkan oleh Staphylococcus aureus dan Streptococcus grup A. Diagnosis umumnya ditegakkan melalui tampilan klinis. Tata laksana meliputi antibiotik disertai insisi dan drainase bila perlu. Terapi antibiotik secara empiris disesuaikan dengan derajat keparahan penyakit. Pyoderma is pyogenic skin infection and commonly caused by Staphylococcus aureus and group A Streptococcus. Diagnosis can be established by its clinical features. Treatment consists of antimicrobial therapy accompanied with incision and drainage as indicated. Antimicrobial therapy is given empirically and adjusted depending on severity of the disease.
The Role of Conventional Chest X-Ray in Detection and Evaluation of Long COVID-19 Andri; Yuanita Amanda
Cermin Dunia Kedokteran Vol 49 No 4 (2022): Penyakit Dalam
Publisher : PT Kalbe Farma Tbk.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55175/cdk.v49i4.221

Abstract

A 52-year-old woman came to ER with shortness of breath, fever, and cough with oxygen saturation of 80% on room air. The COVID-19 PCR test was positive. CXR showed it infiltrates ground-glass opacities in both lungs and cardiomegaly. Chest X-ray at discharge from the hospital showed decreased infiltrate and fibrosis in two lung. She came to the ER 4 days later with worsened shortness of breath. CXR showed diffuse infiltrates in both lungs and cardiomegaly. Discussion: COVID-19 patients can develop long-term sequelae and complications (long COVID-19). Although CT is now considered the primary investigation for COVID-19, CXR is still valid for detecting and monitoring its progression. Conclusion: CXR is useful for detecting and monitoring the rapid advancement of lung abnormalities in long COVID-19. Wanita 52 tahun datang ke IGD dengan sesak napas, demam, batuk; dengan saturasi oksigen 80% udara ruangan. Tes PCR COVID-19 positif. Rontgen toraks menunjukkan infiltrat di kedua lapangan paru, ground glass opacities, dan kardiomegali. Rontgen toraks saat keluar rumah sakit menunjukkan penurunan gambaran infiltrat dan fibrosis pada dua lapangan paru. Empat hari setelah keluar rumah sakit pasien kembali sesak napas. Rontgen toraks menunjukkan infiltrat difus dikedua paru dan kardiomegali. Diskusi: Pasien COVID-19 dapat mengalami sekuele jangka panjang dan komplikasi, disebut long COVID-19. Walaupun CT-scan menjadi pendeteksi utama COVID-19, rontgen toraks masih bermanfaat untuk memantau progresi sindrom tersebut. Simpulan: Rontgen toraks berguna untuk deteksi dan memantau kelainan paru pada long COVID-19.
Diagnosis Alopesia Areata Pada Anak: Kasus Serial Haken Tennizar Toena; Retno Danarti
Cermin Dunia Kedokteran Vol 49 No 4 (2022): Penyakit Dalam
Publisher : PT Kalbe Farma Tbk.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55175/cdk.v49i4.222

Abstract

Alopesia areata (AA) merupakan penyakit autoimun yang ditandai dengan alopesia non-sikatrisial. Kondisi ini merupakan dermatosis yang umum ditemui pada anak. Gambaran klinisnya berupa alopesia non-sikatrisial fokal, perlu dibedakan dari kondisi dapatan serupa lainnya, terutama yang sering terjadi pada anak. Kami melaporkan 5 kasus AA pada anak berusia di bawah 18 tahun. Diagnosis berdasarkan pemeriksaan klinis dan penunjang. Pemahaman karakteristik AA perlu diketahui untuk diagnosis, terutama pada pasien anak. Alopecia areata (AA) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by non-scarring alopecia. It is one of the most commonly found dermatosis in pediatric population. The clinical manifestations of focal non-scarring alopecia must be differentiated from other acquired focal non-scarring alopecia, especially those in children. This paper report 5 AA cases in children. Diagnosis was based on clinical and supporting examinations. Understanding the characteristics of AA, particularly in children, is important to make correct diagnosis.
Probiotik sebagai Pencegahan Diare terkait Antibiotik pada Anak Marissa Leviani Hadiyanto; Sedyo Wahyudi
Cermin Dunia Kedokteran Vol 49 No 4 (2022): Penyakit Dalam
Publisher : PT Kalbe Farma Tbk.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55175/cdk.v49i4.223

Abstract

Hampir setiap antibiotik berpotensi menyebabkan diare, antibiotik spektrum luas yang menargetkan bakteri anaerob memiliki insiden diare terkait antibiotik lebih tinggi. Diare terkait antibiotik muncul ketika antibiotik mengganggu keseimbangan ekologi mikrobiota dalam saluran cerna, dengan mengubah keragaman dan jumlah bakteri di usus. Gambaran klinis diare terkait antibiotik pada anak bervariasi, mulai dari diare ringan encer menyemprot terkadang disertai darah, hingga kolitis hemoragik disertai toksemia. Probiotik telah diusulkan untuk pencegahan diare terkait antibiotik pada anak, di antaranya Lactobacillus sp., Saccharomyces sp., Streptococcus sp., Bifidobacterium sp, dan Bacillus sp. Every antibiotic has the potential to cause diarrhea, broad-spectrum antibiotics that target anaerobic bacteria have a higher incidence of antibiotic-associated diarrhea. Antibiotic- associated diarrhea occurs when antibiotics disrupt the ecology of the intestinal microbiota by altering the diversity and numbers of bacteria in the gut. The clinical features of pediatric antibiotic-associated diarrhea are variable, ranging from mild self-limited diarrhea through explosive watery diarrhea with occasional blood to severe hemorrhagic colitis and toxemia. Probiotics have been proposed for the prevention of antibiotic-associated diarrhea in children, including Lactobacillus sp., Saccharomyces sp., Streptococcus sp., Bifidobacterium sp., and Bacillus sp
Peran Pemeriksaan Radiologi pada Penanganan Kegawatdaruratan Pneumothorax Sekunder pada Pneumonia COVID-19 Jessieca Liusen
Cermin Dunia Kedokteran Vol 49 No 4 (2022): Penyakit Dalam
Publisher : PT Kalbe Farma Tbk.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55175/cdk.v49i4.224

Abstract

Pneumothorax pada COVID-19 memerlukan penanganan segera untuk mencegah mortalitas dan morbiditas. Pencitraan radiologi foto polos thorax dan CT (computed tomography) scan thorax merupakan modalitas imaging yang sering digunakan untuk deteksi dini COVID-19 beserta pneumothorax. Pemasangan chest tube menjadi pilihan untuk penanganan pneumothorax pada COVID-19. Pleurodesis dan bulektomi merupakan alternatif tindakan pembedahan definitif pada pneumothorax refrakter atau persisten. Pneumothorax in COVID-19 patient needed to be immediately managed. Plain thorax radiographs and CT scan thorax were the main imaging modalities for diagnosis. Chest tube insertion is the gold standard for management. Pleurodesis or bullectomy are an alternative surgery method to relieve recurrent pneumothorax or persistent pneumothorax.
Vaksinasi COVID-19 dan Kesehatan Mata Mohammad Alif Azizi; Jodii Arlan Kurnia
Cermin Dunia Kedokteran Vol 49 No 4 (2022): Penyakit Dalam
Publisher : PT Kalbe Farma Tbk.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55175/cdk.v49i4.225

Abstract

Vaksinasi COVID-19 secara massal berisiko efek samping, di antaranya efek samping pada mata. Data VAERS hingga tanggal 13 Februari 2021, melaporkan 46 laporan kasus efek samping pada okular dan adneksa. Manifestasi pada mata setelah pemberian vaksin COVID-19 relatif ringan dan sementara. Sampai saat ini, tidak ada bukti yang mendukung bahwa individu harus menghindari vaksinasi COVID-19 untuk alasan kesehatan mata. The global use of COVID-19 vaccine carries risks of side effects, including side effects on the eyes. Until 13 February 2021, VAERS reported 46 cases of side effects on the ocular and adnexa. The eye side effects of COVID-19 vaccine are relatively mild and transient. There is no statistic alevidence to suggest that COVID-19 vaccination should be avoided for reasons related to eye health
Mechanical Ventilation Management in COVID-19 Patients Wibowo; Frischa; Harjanto; Bernadus Realino Realino
Cermin Dunia Kedokteran Vol 49 No 4 (2022): Penyakit Dalam
Publisher : PT Kalbe Farma Tbk.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55175/cdk.v49i4.226

Abstract

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), was first reported in Wuhan, Hubei, China, and has spread to more than 200 other countries around the world. COVID-19 can be complicated by severe pneumonia, ARDS, sepsis, and septic shock in severe cases. About 80% of cases are mild or moderate, 13.8% have severe disease, and 6.1% fall into a critical condition. Positive responses in COVID-19 patients with respiratory failure are usually seen right after the initiation of NIV and HFNC. If there is no substantial improvement in gas exchange and respiratory rate within a few hours, invasive mechanical ventilation should be started without delay. Delayed intubation increases COVID-19 ARDS mortality. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), yang disebabkan oleh Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), pertama kali dilaporkan di Wuhan, Hubei, China, dan telah menyebar ke lebih dari 200 negara lain di seluruh dunia. Manifestasi klinis pasien COVID-19 sebagian besar tidak bergejala (asimtomatik), namun dapat diperumit dengan pneumonia berat, ARDS, sepsis, hingga syok septik. Sekitar 80% kasus biasanya ringan atau sedang, 13,8% mengalami gejala berat, dan 6,1% pasien mengalami kondisi kritis. Respons positif biasanya terlihat segera setelah dimulainya NIV dan HFNC. Jika tidak ada perbaikan substansial dalam pertukaran gas dan laju pernapasan dalam beberapa jam, ventilasi mekanik invasif harus dimulai segera. Intubasi yang tertunda meningkatkan mortalitas ARDS.
Socio-demographic Profiles of Cervical Cancer Patients at Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital - 2009-2019 and Its Association with Cancer Stages at Diagnosis Fitriyadi Kusuma; Kemal Akbar Suryoadji; Michael Adrian; Tofan Widya Utami; Hariyono Winarto; Tricia Dewi Anggraeni; Kartiwa Hadi Nuryanto; Muhammad Haekal
Cermin Dunia Kedokteran Vol 49 No 5 (2022): Neuro-Kardiovaskular
Publisher : PT Kalbe Farma Tbk.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55175/cdk.v49i5.227

Abstract

Objective: To determine the socio-demographic profile of cervical cancer patients at Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital in 2009-2019 based on educational level, parity, age, residence, and employment status and their relationship to cervical cancer stage at diagnosis. Methods: Comparative analytical study was conducted retrospectively based on medical records in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital. The selection was based on data completeness: cervical cancer stages, sociodemographic profiles consisting of education level, parity, age, Java or non-Java Island resident, and occupation. Multivariate analysis calculated the association between socio-demographic factors and cervical cancer stages. Data were analyzed using SPSS v.22.0 and Microsoft Excel. Results: This study included 4,584 patients with complete data. Only 19.3% patients were in the early stage, 63.3% had less than three parities, 82.8% of patients had formal primary school education or less, 80.9% patients were aged 18-65 years, 88.3% patients resided in Java Island, and 80.5% didn’t have the occupation. There was a significant association (p <0.05) between cervical cancer stage and educational level (aOR= 0.86; 95% CI= 0.78-0.94) and age (aOR= 1.46; 95% CI= 1.18-1.40). There is no significant association (p >0.05) between cervical cancer stage and parity, residence, and employment status. Conclusion: Low education and old age (> 65-year-old) were associated with the advanced stage of cervical cancer at diagnosis. Tujuan: Mengetahui profil sosiodemografi pasien kanker serviks di Rumah Sakit Cipto Mangunkusumo tahun 2009-2019 berdasarkan tingkat pendidikan, jumlah paritas, usia, status kependudukan, pekerjaan, serta hubungannya terhadap stadium kanker serviks saat diagnosis. Metode: Penelitian analitik komparatif retrospektif berdasarkan data rekam medis Rumah Sakit Cipto Mangunkusumo. Pemilihan sesuai kelengkapan data: stadium kanker serviks, profil status sosiodemografi yang terdiri atas tingkat pendidikan, paritas, usia, penduduk pulau Jawa atau non-Jawa, dan status pekerjaan. Hubungan antar variabel dianalisis multivariat untuk mencari hubungan berbagai faktor sosiodemografi terhadap stadium kanker serviks. Analisis data menggunakan program SPSS versi 22.0 dan Microsoft Excel. Hasil : Terdapat 4.584 pasien kanker serviks yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Sebanyak 19,3% pasien dengan stadium awal. Selanjutnya 82,8% pasien memiliki pendidikan formal sekolah dasar atau kurang, 63,3% pasien memiliki jumlah paritas kurang dari tiga, 80,9% pasien berusia antara 18-65 tahun, 88,3% pasien berdomisili di pulau Jawa, dan 80,5% tidak bekerja. Didapatkan asosiasi bermakna (p<0,05) antara stadium kanker serviks dan tingkat pendidikan (aOR = 0,86; 95% CI= 0,78-0,94) dan usia (aOR= 1,46; 95% CI= 1,18-1,40). Tidak ditemukan asosiasi bermakna (p>0,05) antara stadium kanker serviks dengan paritas, domisili kependudukan, dan status pekerjaan. Simpulan: Tingkat pendidikan rendah dan usia lanjut (>65 tahun) berasosiasi dengan stadium lanjut kanker serviks saat diagnosis.
Kaitan COVID-19 dengan Risiko Bangkitan Epileptik Stephanie Johanes; Budi Riyanto Wreksoatmodjo
Cermin Dunia Kedokteran Vol 49 No 5 (2022): Neuro-Kardiovaskular
Publisher : PT Kalbe Farma Tbk.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55175/cdk.v49i5.228

Abstract

COVID-19 dapat menyebabkan kegagalan organ tubuh seperti sistem pernapasan, ginjal, hati, dan jantung. Pada beberapa orang juga ditemukan gejala sistem saraf, seperti delirium, confusion, nyeri kepala, vertigo, hemorrhagic stroke dan iskemik, hilangnya sensasi penciuman dan perasa, kejang atau bangkitan epileptik. Bangkitan epileptik pada kasus COVID-19 dapat dikaitkan dengan aktivasi sel glia, kerusakan sawar darah-otak, keadaan hipertermia atau gangguan elektrolit dan gangguan neurotransmiter. Di lain pihak, pengaruh infeksi COVID-19 pada pasien epilepsi masih belum diketahui pasti. COVID-19 can cause organ failure such as the respiratory system, kidneys, liver, and heart. Risks of neurological complications are delirium, stroke, loss of smell dan taste, and convulsion/epileptic seizure. Seizures in COVID-19 may be associated with glial activation, blood-brain barrier disruption, and hyperthermia and/ or neurotransmitter dysregulation. On the other hand, the impact of COVID-19 on epileptic patients is yet to be identified
Diagnosis dan Tata Laksana Ekstrasistol Ventrikular Andy Kurnia
Cermin Dunia Kedokteran Vol 49 No 5 (2022): Neuro-Kardiovaskular
Publisher : PT Kalbe Farma Tbk.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55175/cdk.v49i5.229

Abstract

Ekstrasistol ventrikel atau ventricular extrasystole merupakan salah satu aritmia ventrikel yang ditandai dengan adanya kompleks QRS abnormal yang muncul lebih awal (prematur) dibandingkan ritme sinus normal. Ekstrasistol ini tidak didahului oleh adanya aktivitas atrial (gelombang P). Tipe atau jenis ekstrasistol ventrikel pada elektrokardiografi perlu dipahami agar dapat menentukan tindakan atau tata laksana khusus untuk mencegah penurunan fungsi jantung atau kardiomiopati serta menurunkan risiko henti jantung mendadak. Ventricular extrasystole is a ventricular arrhythmia characterized by the presence of an abnormal or bizzare QRS complex appears earlier (premature) than the normal sinus rhythm. This extrasystole is not preceded by atrial activity (P wave). The type of ventricular extrasystole on electrocardiography should be recognized to determine specific treatment to prevent cardiomyopathy and reduce risk of sudden cardiac arrest

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