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Thahirah Arief
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INDONESIA
Journal of Green Chemical and Environmental Engineering
Published by Candela Edutech Indonesia
ISSN : -     EISSN : 30902568     DOI : https://doi.org/10.63288/jgcee.v1i1.1
Core Subject : Science, Social, Engineering,
Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Engineering Environmental Science Materials Science & Nanotechnology
Aim and Scope : ✅ Green Chemical Processes ✅ Renewable Energy Technologies ✅ Waste Management and Valorization ✅ Pollution Control and Mitigation ✅ Sustainable Materials ✅ Sustainable Process ✅ Food Chemistry ✅ Environmental Risk Assessment ✅ Cleaner Production and Industrial Ecology ✅ Water and Wastewater Treatment ✅ Climate Change Mitigation ✅ Environmental Chemistry ✅ Biochemistry and Biotechnology ✅ Education in Chemistry
Arjuna Subject : Teknik Kimia (semua kategori) - Kimia Proses dan Teknologi
Articles 30 Documents
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Determination of Air Pollution Concentrations from Motor Vehicles at Selected Stop-Points Along a Major Highway Wuraola Abake Raji; Lukuman Jimoda; Ayobami Ajani; Adewemimo Popoola; Sunday Adebanjo
Journal of Green Chemical and Environmental Engineering Vol. 2 No. 1 (2026): Journal of Green Chemical and Environmental Engineering
Publisher : Candela Edutech Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.63288/jgcee.v2i1.22

Abstract

Intensified traffic-related air pollution along major highway corridors in developing countries poses increasing risks to environmental quality and public health. This study investigated air pollutant concentrations from motor vehicles at selected stop-points (Locations A - D) along the Benin–Ore–Sagamu highway in southwestern Nigeria. Continuous monitoring was conducted for gaseous pollutants (CO, CO₂, SO₂), particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10), inorganic ions (SO₄²⁻ and NO₃⁻), and trace metals across four locations during wet and dry seasons. Traffic density was assessed through structured manual vehicle counts at each location, with vehicles categorized by type to assess traffic density and flow patterns. Traffic volume assessment identified Location D as the highest traffic hub, with seasonal variations influencing pollutant levels. Measured levels of CO, SO₂, PM2.5, and PM10  showed significant exceedances of WHO, NAAQS, and FMEnv guidelines, while trace metal analysis indicated extreme enrichment of Rh, Pt, Pd, and other metals, predominantly from vehicular emissions. In contrast, Fe, Zn, and Mn were predominantly derived from natural sources. Sulphate and nitrate exhibited strong dry-season correlations (r = 0.991, p < 0.01) and significant spatial variability, with ANOVA confirming the influence of location on concentrations. Wet-season deposition reduced pollutant concentrations, demonstrating the mitigating role of rainfall. The findings provide a seasonally resolved characterization of traffic-induced air pollution and emphasize the urgent need for regulatory enforcement, fuel quality improvement, and traffic management to protect public health along high-density highway corridors.
Technical Assessment and Optimization of Off-Gas Cooling in Nickel Matte Pyrometallurgy Based on Carbon Variation Sabrianah Badaruddin; Alif Nur Laili Rachmah; Muhammad Ikhsan Taipabu; Farida Diyah Hapsari; Esther Muatiara Santallum Ekklesia Tibalia
Journal of Green Chemical and Environmental Engineering Vol. 2 No. 1 (2026): Journal of Green Chemical and Environmental Engineering
Publisher : Candela Edutech Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.63288/jgcee.v2i1.21

Abstract

Exhaust gas emission management is a critical aspect of pyrometallurgical nickel smelting because it directly affects energy efficiency, operational safety, and overall process sustainability. This study investigates the influence of calcine carbon content on exhaust gas formation and determines the required cooling air volume in an industrial electric furnace operating at approximately 150 tons per hour. The research is based on deterministic mass and energy balance modelling developed from actual operational data obtained from a nickel smelting facility. The analysis quantifies the relationship between carbon oxidation reactions and off-gas generation during the smelting process. Results reveal a strong linear correlation between increasing calcine carbon content and exhaust gas volume. At an average carbon content of 1.96 %, the furnace produces 47,241 Nm³/h of exhaust gas. Under these operating conditions, a cooling air injection of 9,292 Nm³/h is required to reduce the gas temperature from 1000 °C to 800 °C in order to maintain safe furnace operation. The findings demonstrate that precise control of calcine carbon content and optimised cooling air design are essential for improving operational safety and efficiency in nickel smelting. The developed model provides a quantitative basis for designing safer and more efficient industrial off-gas control systems.
Method Verification of Carbon and Sulfur Determination in Ferronickel Tapping Samples Using HCS-801 in Accordance with GB/T 20123 Muh. Azis Albar. J; Muhammad Mattana Anwar; Ardiansah Ardiansah; Mahardika Sandy Ponco; Alexander Malau
Journal of Green Chemical and Environmental Engineering Vol. 2 No. 1 (2026): Journal of Green Chemical and Environmental Engineering
Publisher : Candela Edutech Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.63288/jgcee.v2i1.24

Abstract

Reliable determination of carbon (C) and sulfur (S) in tapping ferronickel is critical for metallurgical quality control and compliance with industrial specifications. Given the complex metallic matrix of ferronickel, verification of analytical performance is essential before routine application. This study verifies the GB/T 20123 standard method for the simultaneous determination of carbon and sulfur in tapping ferronickel using a High Carbon Sulfur (HCS-801) combustion–infrared analyzer. Method performance was assessed using accuracy, precision (repeatability), linearity, limit of detection (LOD), and limit of quantification (LOQ), in accordance with internationally accepted validation principles. Evaluation of recovery testing yielded 97.82 % for carbon and 99.04 % for sulfur, both within acceptable recovery ranges. Precision expressed as %RSD was 1.27% for carbon and 0.70% for sulfur, complying with the Horwitz criterion (% RSD < ½ CV Horwitz) and the general acceptance limit of 2 %. Excellent linearity was obtained across the calibration range, with correlation coefficients (r) of 0.998 for carbon and 0.9984 for sulfur. LOD and LOQ values, calculated based on the standard deviation of response and slope of calibration curves, were 0.0557% and 0.1855% for carbon, and 0.0123 % and 0.0409 % for sulfur, respectively. The results demonstrate that the GB/T 20123 method, when implemented with the HCS-801 analyzer, provides reliable analytical performance for carbon and sulfur determination in tapped ferronickel and is suitable for routine industrial applications.
Polymer Membranes for Energy-Efficient Separation and Clean Energy Applications: Materials Design, Performance Trade-Offs, and Future Perspectives Jibrin Muhammad Yelwa; Auwal Jaji Aliyu
Journal of Green Chemical and Environmental Engineering Vol. 2 No. 1 (2026): Journal of Green Chemical and Environmental Engineering
Publisher : Candela Edutech Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.63288/jgcee.v2i1.25

Abstract

The low energy requirement, modularity, operational flexibility, and tunable transport properties of polymer membranes make them promising technologies for energy-efficient separation and clean energy applications. Compared with conventional thermal separation processes, membrane systems significantly reduce energy consumption and carbon emissions while enabling compact and scalable process integration. Recent advances in polymer chemistry and nanocomposite fabrication have expanded membrane applications in gas separation, desalination, wastewater treatment, solvent recovery, fuel cells, electrolyzers, and electrochemical energy storage systems. This review critically examines the structure–function relationships of membranes in relation to transport phenomena and key performance characteristics, including permeability, selectivity, conductivity, stability, and fouling resistance. Particular attention is given to high-performance materials such as polymers of intrinsic microporosity (PIMs), thermally rearranged polymers, ion-conductive polymers, and mixed-matrix membranes incorporating metal–organic frameworks, covalent organic frameworks, and two-dimensional nanofillers. Recent strategies to overcome the conventional permeability–selectivity trade-off are reviewed together with challenges related to physical aging, plasticization, chemical degradation, and large-scale manufacturability. In addition to material innovation, this review highlights recent developments in advanced fabrication techniques, machine learning-assisted membrane discovery, and sustainable circular manufacturing approaches. Unlike previous reviews focusing on individual applications, this work provides an integrated perspective connecting separation technologies and clean energy systems through common membrane design principles. The development of durable, scalable, and intelligent membrane platforms will be essential for advancing decarbonization, water security, and sustainable industrial production worldwide.
The Impact of Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) Programs Hazard Report and Tahan Report on Reducing Workplace Accidents at PT Merdeka Tsingshan Indonesia Ade Putra Niswan Makkasau; Ahmad Padhil; A. Dwi Wahyuni P
Journal of Green Chemical and Environmental Engineering Vol. 1 No. 4 (2025): Journal of Green Chemical and Environmental Engineering
Publisher : Candela Edutech Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.63288/jgcee.v4i1.20

Abstract

This study examines the influence of occupational safety and health (OSH) implementation through Hazard Report and Tahan Report programs on improving workplace safety culture and reducing occupational accidents at PT. Merdeka Tsingshan Indonesia. A quantitative approach was employed using a structured questionnaire distributed to company employees, with responses measured on a Likert scale. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, validity and reliability testing, and multiple linear regression analysis, including partial (t-test) and simultaneous (F-test) hypothesis testing. The findings indicate that the research instrument is both valid and highly reliable, with a Cronbach’s Alpha value exceeding the acceptable threshold. The coefficient of determination shows that approximately 65.4% of the variation in workplace safety culture can be explained by the independent variables, including employees’ understanding of hazard identification, implementation of reporting programs, compliance and participation levels, and program effectiveness. Furthermore, the results reveal that these variables have a statistically significant effect on safety culture, both individually and collectively. This study concludes that the implementation of Hazard Report and Tahan Report programs plays a crucial role in strengthening safety culture and contributes significantly to the reduction of workplace accidents, highlighting the importance of active employee involvement and consistent safety reporting systems in achieving effective occupational safety management.
Analysis of the Role of Iron (Fe) Content on Nickel Distribution in Limonite and Saprolite Zones Using Energy Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence (ED-XRF) James William Ariend; Ismail Marzuki
Journal of Green Chemical and Environmental Engineering Vol. 2 No. 2 (2026): Journal of Green Chemical and Environmental Engineering
Publisher : Candela Edutech Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.63288/jgcee.v2i2.26

Abstract

Nickel (Ni) is a strategic metal widely used in stainless steel, rechargeable batteries, aerospace, and renewable energy technologies. Increasing demand for electric vehicle batteries has intensified exploration of lateritic nickel deposits, which consist of limonite and saprolite horizons with distinct geochemical characteristics. This study investigates the relationship between iron (Fe) and nickel distribution in lateritic profiles using Energy Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence (ED-XRF). Samples were collected from PT. Genba Multi Mineral, North Morowali, Indonesia, at depths of 1-6 m. Limonite samples were obtained from 1-3 m, while saprolite samples were collected from 4-6 m. After drying, crushing, and sieving to 200 mesh, the samples were analyzed by ED-XRF. The results reveal an inverse relationship between Fe and Ni contents. The limonite zone contained high Fe (48.76-50.23%) but relatively low Ni (0.70-1.15%), whereas the saprolite zone showed lower Fe (21.01-29.41%) and higher Ni (1.45-2.05%). These trends agree with lateritic nickel enrichment processes, in which Fe is concentrated in limonite while Ni becomes enriched in silicate-rich saprolite during weathering. The findings indicate that Fe content is a useful indicator of nickel distribution in lateritic deposits. In addition, ED-XRF proved to be a rapid, non-destructive, and reliable technique for multi-element analysis of laterite samples. This study provides geochemical information that can support nickel exploration, resource evaluation, and mining optimization in lateritic environments.
Synthesis, In Vitro Antimicrobial Activity, and Molecular Docking Study of Novel Benzylidene Ketamine Analogues as Potential Elongation Factor Tu Inhibitors Abraham Sisein Eboh; Azibanasamesa D. C. Owaba; Darlington D. Eboh; Okpenkuwo G. Francis; Charis Tiemo; Laura O. Edward
Journal of Green Chemical and Environmental Engineering Vol. 2 No. 2 (2026): Journal of Green Chemical and Environmental Engineering
Publisher : Candela Edutech Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.63288/jgcee.v2i2.27

Abstract

The rapid emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has become a critical global health challenge, leading to prolonged hospitalization, increased healthcare costs, and higher mortality rates. The declining efficacy of conventional antibiotics highlights the urgent need for novel antimicrobial agents with alternative mechanisms of action. This study evaluated the antimicrobial activity of newly synthesized benzylidene ketamine derivatives and explored their potential interactions with bacterial elongation factor Tu (EF-Tu), an essential protein involved in bacterial protein synthesis. Antibacterial and antifungal activities of ketamine and its derivatives (D11-D15) were determined using the broth microdilution method at concentrations ranging from 1 to 512 μg/mL. Ciprofloxacin and fluconazole served as reference antibacterial and antifungal agents, respectively. Molecular docking against EF-Tu (PDB ID: 1DG1) was performed using AutoDock Vina to predict ligand–protein binding affinity. Among the tested compounds, D14 and D15 exhibited the strongest antibacterial activities, with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 32 μg/mL against Bacillus subtilis and 64 μg/mL against Staphylococcus aureus, respectively, whereas ketamine showed no detectable antibacterial activity. None of the synthesized compounds inhibited the growth of Candida albicans, while fluconazole displayed an MIC of 1 μg/mL. Docking analysis indicated favorable binding interactions between the active derivatives and the EF-Tu binding site. These findings suggest that benzylidene modification of ketamine enhances antibacterial activity and identifies D14 and D15 as promising lead compounds for the development of EF-Tu-targeted antibacterial agents.
Comparative Evaluation of Aqua Regia and Tri-Acid Digestion Methods for the Determination of As, Cu, and Pb in an Ore-Grade Certified Reference Material by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry Angga Pratama; Selfina Gala
Journal of Green Chemical and Environmental Engineering Vol. 2 No. 2 (2026): Journal of Green Chemical and Environmental Engineering
Publisher : Candela Edutech Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.63288/jgcee.v2i2.28

Abstract

Trace element analysis in ore grade samples is critical for mineral exploration and resource evaluation. The choice of digestion method greatly influences the accuracy of results, which form the basis for mining investment decisions. This study compares the performance of aqua regia (partial digestion) and tri-acid digestion (near-total digestion) methods for determining Arsenic (As), Copper (Cu), and Lead (Pb) concentrations. Measurements were conducted using Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS) with Certified Reference Material (CRM) as a validation standard, while statistical analysis was performed using the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test. Results show complementary performance between the two methods. Aqua regia provided the best accuracy for As (recovery 100.19%, bias 0.19%), but systematically overestimated Cu (bias 14.19%) and Pb (bias 14.14%). In contrast, tri-acid digestion delivered superior accuracy for Pb (recovery 101.27%, bias 1.27%) and better results for Cu (bias 4.83%), yet overestimated As (bias 12.25%). Statistical tests confirmed that only Pb by tri-acid (p = 0.7213) and As by aqua regia (p = 0.8785) showed no significant difference from CRM values. Operationally, aqua regia is more advantageous due to shorter digestion time (2 hours), lower cost, and better safety. Tri-acid digestion requires a longer time, higher cost, and strict safety protocols due to HF usage. This study concludes that digestion method selection should follow the fit-for-purpose principle based on target elements, sample matrix, and laboratory capabilities.
Bifurcation-Guided Optimal Control of Fluid Catalytic Cracking Systems with Productivity Enhancement Lakshmi Sridhar
Journal of Green Chemical and Environmental Engineering Vol. 2 No. 2 (2026): Journal of Green Chemical and Environmental Engineering
Publisher : Candela Edutech Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.63288/jgcee.v2i2.29

Abstract

Fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) is one of the most important processes in the petroleum and petrochemical industries because it converts heavy hydrocarbons into valuable transportation fuels and petrochemical feedstocks. However, FCC units exhibit highly nonlinear behavior, including multiplicity, thermal instability, Hopf bifurcations, and self-sustained oscillations, all of which can adversely affect catalyst performance, product yield, and operational stability. A nonlinear dynamic and optimal control framework is developed for an FCC process exhibiting bifurcation-induced instability. Continuation and bifurcation analyses are performed using MATCONT to identify limit points, Hopf bifurcation points, and associated limit-cycle behavior. Based on these analyses, an optimal control problem is formulated to maximize the cracking reaction rate while incorporating a Hopf-bifurcation-avoidance constraint to ensure dynamically stable operation. The bifurcation analysis reveals multiple steady states and a subcritical Hopf bifurcation, confirming the onset of self-sustained oscillatory dynamics in the FCC process. The optimal control results demonstrate that enforcing the Hopf bifurcation constraint significantly improves process performance. Specifically, the optimized cracking reaction rate increases from 6.254 in the unconstrained case to 7.443 when the Hopf constraint is imposed, corresponding to an approximately 19% improvement while maintaining dynamic stability. The proposed framework demonstrates that integrating bifurcation analysis with optimal control provides an effective strategy for simultaneously enhancing process stability and operational performance in FCC systems. The results highlight the industrial significance of incorporating nonlinear dynamic constraints into process optimization to achieve safer, more efficient, and higher-performing FCC operation.
Sequential Cr(VI) Reduction by Sodium Thiosulfate Pentahydrate Followed by CaO-Assisted Alkaline Precipitation in Settling Pond Wastewater Muh. Agil Kurniawan; Ismail Marzuki
Journal of Green Chemical and Environmental Engineering Vol. 2 No. 2 (2026): Journal of Green Chemical and Environmental Engineering
Publisher : Candela Edutech Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.63288/jgcee.v2i2.30

Abstract

Settling pond wastewater containing hexavalent chromium, Cr(VI), requires sequential treatment that addresses oxidation state and aqueous-phase removal. Five settling ponds were screened, and SP1 and SP2 were selected as high-Cr(VI) matrices. Treatment used 0.45 µm-filtered aliquots. Cr(VI) reduction was evaluated at pH 3.0-3.3 using nominal sodium thiosulfate pentahydrate (Na₂S₂O₃·5H₂O) doses of 1-6 mg/L and contact times of 5, 15, 30, and 60 min, followed by CaO-assisted alkaline precipitation using 0.1-0.6 g CaO per 300 mL at 100, 150, and 200 rpm. Each treatment condition consisted of one process run, while Cr(VI) and total chromium were measured in analytical triplicate; responses were therefore interpreted descriptively. A 1.00 mg/L working solution prepared from a CRM certified for total chromium gave an apparent Cr(VI)-to-certified-total-Cr response ratio of 90.861% (RSD 0.373%, n = 12), which was not interpreted as Cr(VI) recovery because chromium speciation was not certified. At 5 mg/L Na₂S₂O₃·5H₂O and 30 min, Cr(VI) decreased to 0.022 mg/L in SP1 and 0.030 mg/L in SP2. Subsequent treatment with 0.6 g CaO per 300 mL produced Cr(VI) <0.004 mg/L and total chromium of 0.050 and 0.030 mg/L. Minimum combined-process Cr(VI) removals were >99.63% and >99.68%, while estimated aqueous total-chromium removals were 95.73% and 97.39%. The process is suitable for laboratory screening, but independent treatment replication, a reagent-free acidic control, unfiltered-matrix validation, species-specific Cr(VI) validation, controlled precipitation-pH experiments, and direct solid-phase characterization remain necessary before confirmatory optimization and scale-up.

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