cover
Contact Name
Alwi Padly Harahap
Contact Email
alwi3006233002@uinsu.ac.id
Phone
+6282267157243
Journal Mail Official
jurnalarba@albahriah-institut.org
Editorial Address
Jalan Jermal 15 Komplek D’Perdana Residence, Kecamatan Medan Denai, Kota Medan, Provinsi Sumatera Utara, 20227
Location
Kota medan,
Sumatera utara
INDONESIA
Al-Qarawiyyin: Jurnal Ilmu Ushuluddin
ISSN : 31091946     EISSN : 31091954     DOI : https://doi.org/10.64691/al-qarawiyyin
Al-Qarawiyyin: Jurnal Ilmu Ushuluddin merupakan jurnal ilmiah yang memfokuskan kajiannya pada pengembangan dan pendalaman ilmu Ushuluddin, meliputi bidang-bidang seperti akidah dan filsafat Islam, tafsir dan ilmu Al-Quran, hadis dan ilmu hadis, serta pemikiran Islam kontemporer. Jurnal ini merupakan wadah akademik bagi para peneliti, dosen, mahasiswa, dan praktisi Islam untuk menyampaikan gagasan dan hasil penelitian berdasarkan pendekatan normatif-teologis dan kontekstual-kritis. Dengan memperhatikan perkembangan isu-isu keagamaan yang relevan, Al-Qarawiyyin berperan penting dalam memperkuat tradisi keilmuan Islam yang bersumber dari khazanah klasik namun tetap adaptif terhadap tantangan zaman. Diterbitkan secara berkala oleh Yayasan Albahriah Jamiah Indonesia yang berkomitmen pada pengembangan studi Islam, Al-Qarawiyyin: Jurnal Ilmu Ushuluddin menjunjung tinggi standar akademik dan etika publikasi ilmiah. Setiap artikel yang diterbitkan melalui proses peer-review yang ketat dan ditulis oleh akademisi dari berbagai latar belakang, baik nasional maupun internasional. Selain berfungsi sebagai media penyebarluasan ilmu pengetahuan, jurnal ini juga diharapkan menjadi rujukan penting dalam pengembangan kurikulum kajian Ushuluddin dan pembentukan pemikiran Islam yang inklusif, moderat, dan berdialog dengan realitas sosial kontemporer.
Articles 32 Documents
The Problem of Determinism in Machine Learning: Ashʻarite and Muʻtazilite Free Will Perspectives Fauziah Hanum Siregar; Indra Harahap; Sholahuddin Ashani; Hashim Mohammed Adam Hasabalh
Al-Qarawiyyin: Jurnal Ilmu Ushuluddin Vol. 2 No. 2 (2026): Islamic Philosophy and Artificial Intelligence
Publisher : Yayasan Albahriah Jamiah Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.64691/swkng003

Abstract

The problem of determinism in machine learning is becoming increasingly relevant as predictive analytics, recommendation systems, and algorithmic profiling model human behavior as predictable statistical patterns. Modern studies of the philosophy of technology generally address this issue within the framework of secular rationalism. At the same time, the contribution of classical Islamic theology to the critique of digital determinism remains limited. This study aims to analyze the problem of algorithmic determinism by reconstructing the Ashʻarite and Muʻtazilite concepts of free will and to assess their relevance as a critical framework for the metaphysical assumptions of machine learning. This research is a literature study with a philosophical-theological approach, grounded in a hermeneutic reading of primary kalām texts and a conceptual-critical analysis of contemporary machine learning literature. The results show that determinism in machine learning is both operational and epistemic, as algorithmic predictions rely on probabilistic correlations rather than final causality in human actions. The Ashʻarite perspective, through the concept of kasb, shows limited compatibility with digital predictive systems by distinguishing between the creation of actions and the subject’s moral responsibility. In contrast, the Muʻtazilite affirmed human rational autonomy and the causal efficacy of actions, thereby demonstrating the limitations of algorithmic deterministic claims in explaining ethical freedom. A comparison of the two suggests that machine learning does not eliminate free will but only enhances the capacity to predict behavior. This research confirms that classical kalām can serve as a critical framework for evaluating the metaphysical assumptions of contemporary digital technology.
Degree of Existence and Ontology of Virtual Reality in the Framework of Mulla Sadra’s Metaphysics of Wujūd Mashayla Billups; Adedoyin Adekunle; Mohammad Hossein Zadeh; Nafise Mostafavi
Al-Qarawiyyin: Jurnal Ilmu Ushuluddin Vol. 2 No. 2 (2026): Islamic Philosophy and Artificial Intelligence
Publisher : Yayasan Albahriah Jamiah Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.64691/88sx1d11

Abstract

The development of virtual reality, the metaverse, and immersive digital environments raises ontological questions about the existence of virtual entities that are neither entirely material nor reducible to mere mental constructions. Contemporary digital ontology approaches still tend to be trapped in the dichotomy of real-pseudo and material-symbolic, so they are unable to explain the relational and hierarchical gradation of virtual reality’s existence. This study aims to reconstruct the ontological status of virtual reality through the framework of Mulla Sadra’s metaphysics of wujūd, emphasizing the concepts of aṣālat al-Wujūd, tashkīk al-Wujūd, the ontology of khayāl, and ḥarakah jawhariyyah. This research is a literature study with a philosophical-analytical approach, grounded in ontological analysis and the conceptual reconstruction of Mulla Sadra’s primary texts, as well as contemporary literature on the philosophy of technology and digital ontology. The results show that virtual reality has a real, derivative status as existence, with a weaker intensity of wujūd than that of external reality. From the perspective of tashkīk al-Wujūd, virtual reality is understood as a relational mode of existence that depends on the material substrate of technology, digital information systems, and the subject’s intentionality. The ontology of khayāl situates virtual reality as an intermediate realm between materiality and intellectuality, while ḥarakah jawhariyyah describes its dynamic, continuous existential transformation. This study confirms that Sadrian metaphysics offers a conceptual alternative to contemporary digital ontology and expands Islamic philosophy’s contribution to the study of modern philosophy of technology.

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