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Studi Mengenai Pengaruh Faktor Air-Semen dan Nilai Slump Beton Segar terhadap Permeabilitas Beton. (Hal. 33-40) Rizky, Chandra Budhi; Saelan, Priyanto
RekaRacana: Jurnal Teknil Sipil Vol 5, No 4: Desember 2019
Publisher : Institut Teknologi Nasional, Bandung

Abstrak Permeabilitas beton memiliki peran penting dalam mempertahankan umur suatu struktur bangunan, serta dipengaruhi oleh faktor air-semen, dan porositas beton. Dari suatu nilai faktor air-semen yang sama maka dapat dibuat campuran beton dengan nilai slump yang berbeda. Nilai slump yang berbeda membutuhkan jumlah air yang berbeda hal ini diduga akan mengakibat nilai koefiesien permeabilitas yang lebih tinggi. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan membuat campuran beton menggunakan cara Dreux Gorrise - ITENAS, untuk faktor granular [G] 0,55; faktor air-semen 0,4; 0,5; dan 0,6; serta slump rencana 30-60 mm dan 60-180 mm. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan grafik hubungan antara faktor air-semen dan nilai slump dengan nilai koefisien permeabilitas. Hasil dari grafik menunjukan faktor air-semen 0,5 dengan nilai slump 30-60 mm nilai koefisien permeabilitasnya adalah 5,790 x 10-9 m/dtk. Sedangkan untuk faktor air-semen 0,5 dengan nilai slump 60-180 mm nilai koefisien permeabilitasnya adalah 7,674 x 10-9 m/dtk. Kata kunci: permeabilitas beton, porositas beton, nilai slump, faktor air-semen Abstract Permeability of concrete has an important role in maintaining the life of a building structure, also influenced by a water-cement ratio and porosity of the concrete. From a value of the same water-cement ratio, concrete mixtures can be made with different slump values. Different slump values require different amounts of water, this is thought to result in higher permeability coefficient values. This research was carried out by making a concrete mixture using the Dreux Gorrise - ITENAS method, for granular factors [G] 0.55, water-cement ratio 0.4, 0.5, and 0.6, and slump plans 30-60 mm and 60-180 mm. The results of this study show a graph of the relationship between the water-cement ratio and slump value with the permeability coefficient value. The results of the graph show a water-cement factor of 0.5 with a slump value of 30-60 mm the value of the permeability coefficient is 5.790 x 10-9 m/sec. While for the water-cement factor 0.5 with a slump value of 60-180 mm the value of the permeability coefficient is 7.674 x 10-9 m/sec. Keywords: permeability of concrete, porosity of concrete, slump value , water-cement ratio

Analisis Tingkat Akurasi Uji Pemadatan dengan Pendekatan Numerik Berbasis Elemen Hingga. (Hal. 87-98) Rahdianata, Dedi; Hamdhan, Indra Noer
RekaRacana: Jurnal Teknil Sipil Vol 5, No 4: Desember 2019
Publisher : Institut Teknologi Nasional, Bandung

ABSTRAK Penelitian ini membahas tentang simulasi model pemadatan antara uji laboratorium dibandingkan lapangan menggunakan PLAXIS 2D 2017 berbasis elemen hingga. Simulasi model kedua pengujian tersebut dilakukan dengan variasi beban energi yang sama untuk membandingkan perbedaan hasilnya. Simulasi model pemadatan di lapangan dilakukan dengan variasi beban, siklus dan tebal lapis pemadatan, sedangkan di laboratorium hanya variasi beban energi dan tebal lapis pemadatan berdasarkan berat isi kering. Hasil uji pemadatan berat isi kering di laboratorium sebesar 1,546 kN/m2, sedangkan hasil simulasi model sebesar 1,6 kN/m2, sehingga tingkat akurasi perbedaannya sebesar 3,49%. Simulasi model pemadatan lapangan dengan variasi beban pada tebal lapis pemadatan yang sama menunjukan bahwa semakin besar beban pemadatan akan menghasilkan jumlah lintasan (siklus) lebih sedikit, sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa semakin tebal lapis pemadatan nilai penurunannya akan semakin besar. Kata Kunci: simulasi model analisis pemadatan, pemadatan laboratorium dan lapangan, tebal lapis pemadatan, nilai penurunan. ABSTRACT This research studied compaction modelling between laboratory simulation test and field test using PLAXIS 2D 2017 based on finite element method. Each tests was carried out with the same energy variations to compare the discrepancy of the result. A model with the variation in load energy, cycle and thickness of compaction layer was made to simulate the field test, while for the laboratory test, only variation in load energy and thickness of compaction layer is used based on dry unit weight. The results of the laboratory compaction test of dry unit weight was 1.546 kN/m2, while the model simulation were 1.6 kN/m2. So the accuracy difference between both is 3.49%. Simulation of field model with variations in load at the same thickness of compaction layer shows that the greater load of compaction will produced less number of cycles. It can be concluded that the thicker compaction layer will increased settlement value. Keywords: compaction model analysis, field and laboratory compaction, thickness compaction and settlement.

Studi Mengenai Pengaruh Faktor Air-Semen dan Nilai Slump Beton Segar terhadap Permeabilitas Beton Chandra Budhi Rizky; Priyanto Saelan
RekaRacana: Jurnal Teknil Sipil Vol 5, No 4: Desember 2019
Publisher : Institut Teknologi Nasional, Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26760/rekaracana.v5i4.33

Abstrak Permeabilitas beton memiliki peran penting dalam mempertahankan umur suatu struktur bangunan, serta dipengaruhi oleh faktor air-semen, dan porositas beton. Dari suatu nilai faktor air-semen yang sama maka dapat dibuat campuran beton dengan nilai slump yang berbeda. Nilai slump yang berbeda membutuhkan jumlah air yang berbeda hal ini diduga akan mengakibat nilai koefiesien permeabilitas yang lebih tinggi. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan membuat campuran beton menggunakan cara Dreux Gorrise - ITENAS, untuk faktor granular [G] 0,55; faktor air-semen 0,4; 0,5; dan 0,6; serta slump rencana 30-60 mm dan 60-180 mm. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan grafik hubungan antara faktor air-semen dan nilai slump dengan nilai koefisien permeabilitas. Hasil dari grafik menunjukan faktor air-semen 0,5 dengan nilai slump 30-60 mm nilai koefisien permeabilitasnya adalah 5,790 x 10-9 m/dtk. Sedangkan untuk faktor air-semen 0,5 dengan nilai slump 60-180 mm nilai koefisien permeabilitasnya adalah 7,674 x 10-9 m/dtk. Kata kunci: permeabilitas beton, porositas beton, nilai slump, faktor air-semen Abstract Permeability of concrete has an important role in maintaining the life of a building structure, also influenced by a water-cement ratio and porosity of the concrete. From a value of the same water-cement ratio, concrete mixtures can be made with different slump values. Different slump values require different amounts of water, this is thought to result in higher permeability coefficient values. This research was carried out by making a concrete mixture using the Dreux Gorrise - ITENAS method, for granular factors [G] 0.55, water-cement ratio 0.4, 0.5, and 0.6, and slump plans 30-60 mm and 60-180 mm. The results of this study show a graph of the relationship between the water-cement ratio and slump value with the permeability coefficient value. The results of the graph show a water-cement factor of 0.5 with a slump value of 30-60 mm the value of the permeability coefficient is 5.790 x 10-9 m/sec. While for the water-cement factor 0.5 with a slump value of 60-180 mm the value of the permeability coefficient is 7.674 x 10-9 m/sec. Keywords: permeability of concrete, porosity of concrete, slump value , water-cement ratio

Analisis Tingkat Akurasi Uji Pemadatan dengan Pendekatan Numerik Berbasis Elemen Hingga Dedi Rahdianata; Indra Noer Hamdhan
RekaRacana: Jurnal Teknil Sipil Vol 5, No 4: Desember 2019
Publisher : Institut Teknologi Nasional, Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26760/rekaracana.v5i4.87

ABSTRAK Penelitian ini membahas tentang simulasi model pemadatan antara uji laboratorium dibandingkan lapangan menggunakan PLAXIS 2D 2017 berbasis elemen hingga. Simulasi model kedua pengujian tersebut dilakukan dengan variasi beban energi yang sama untuk membandingkan perbedaan hasilnya. Simulasi model pemadatan di lapangan dilakukan dengan variasi beban, siklus dan tebal lapis pemadatan, sedangkan di laboratorium hanya variasi beban energi dan tebal lapis pemadatan berdasarkan berat isi kering. Hasil uji pemadatan berat isi kering di laboratorium sebesar 1,546 kN/m2, sedangkan hasil simulasi model sebesar 1,6 kN/m2, sehingga tingkat akurasi perbedaannya sebesar 3,49%. Simulasi model pemadatan lapangan dengan variasi beban pada tebal lapis pemadatan yang sama menunjukan bahwa semakin besar beban pemadatan akan menghasilkan jumlah lintasan (siklus) lebih sedikit, sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa semakin tebal lapis pemadatan nilai penurunannya akan semakin besar. Kata Kunci: simulasi model analisis pemadatan, pemadatan laboratorium dan lapangan, tebal lapis pemadatan, nilai penurunan. ABSTRACT This research studied compaction modelling between laboratory simulation test and field test using PLAXIS 2D 2017 based on finite element method. Each tests was carried out with the same energy variations to compare the discrepancy of the result. A model with the variation in load energy, cycle and thickness of compaction layer was made to simulate the field test, while for the laboratory test, only variation in load energy and thickness of compaction layer is used based on dry unit weight. The results of the laboratory compaction test of dry unit weight was 1.546 kN/m2, while the model simulation were 1.6 kN/m2. So the accuracy difference between both is 3.49%. Simulation of field model with variations in load at the same thickness of compaction layer shows that the greater load of compaction will produced less number of cycles. It can be concluded that the thicker compaction layer will increased settlement value. Keywords: compaction model analysis, field and laboratory compaction, thickness compaction and settlement.

Analisis Daya Dukung Fondasi Dangkal Menggunakan Metode Numerik dan Analitik pada Tanah Lempung Lunak yang Diperkuat dengan Granular Trench Ega Ahmad Robbani; Ikhya Ikhya
RekaRacana: Jurnal Teknil Sipil Vol 5, No 4: Desember 2019
Publisher : Institut Teknologi Nasional, Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26760/rekaracana.v5i4.41

ABSTRAK Kapasitas daya dukung adalah kemampuan fondasi dalam menahan beban struktur diatasnya. Granular trench merupakan salah satu metode perbaikan tanah. Berdasarkan hasil analisis, bahwa semakin besar kedalaman fondasi (D_f) maka semakin meningkat kapasitas daya dukungnya, batasan pengaruh elevasi muka air tanah terhadap kapasitas daya dukung fondasi berada di sekitar kurang dari 1B, nilai kapasitas daya dukung fondasi maksimum berada pada kedalaman granular trench H= 3,5B dan lebar granular trench W= 2B. Terdapat keterbatasan dalam metode analitik Hamed, Das and Echelberger yang disebabkan variabel yang tidak diperhitungkan, sedangkan metode analitik Madhav and Vitkar's selalu menghasilkan nilai kapasitas daya dukung fondasi yang lebih besar dibandingkan dengan metode lainnya, akan tetapi apabila nilai kapasitas daya dukung direduksi dengan nilai faktor koreksi 0,4-0,5 maka nilai kapasitas daya dukung fondasi akan menyerupai metode numerik. Besarnya peningkatan nilai kapasitas daya dukung maksimum setelah diperkuat granular trench adalah 355,2%. Kata kunci: kapasitas daya dukung, fondasi dangkal, granular trench. ABSTRACT The bearing capacity is the ability of the foundation to withstand the weight of the structure above it. Granular trench were a method of soil improvement. Based on the results of the analysis, that the greater the depth value of the foundation (D_f), the more the bearing capacity were increased, the limit of the influence of groundwater level on the bearing capacity is less than 1B, the maximum bearing capacity is at the depth of granular trench H=3.5B and the width of the granular trench W=2B. There are limitations in the analytical method of Hamed, Das and Echelberger due to variables that are not taken into account, while the Madhav and Vitkar's analytical method always produces a greater capacity bearing capacity of the foundation compared to other methods, but if the bearing capacity value is reduced by the value of the correction factor 0.4-0.5 then the value of the foundation bearing capacity will resemble a numerical method. The magnitude of the increase in the value of the maximum bearing capacity after reinforced trench granular is 355.2%. Keywords: bearing capacity, shallow foundation, granular trench.

Evaluasi Daya Dukung Tanah Lunak Hasil Stabilisasi Kimia dengan Terra Firma di Daerah Gedebage, Kota Bandung, Provinsi Jawa Barat Bayu Arifianto; Benny Moestofa
RekaRacana: Jurnal Teknil Sipil Vol 5, No 4: Desember 2019
Publisher : Institut Teknologi Nasional, Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26760/rekaracana.v5i4.99

ABSTRAK Tanah lempung lunak adalah salah satu jenis tanah dasar yang sering menyebabkan masalah dalam berbagai jenis konstruksi karena daya dukungnya rendah dan kepekaan terhadap perubahan kadar air cukup tinggi. Oleh karena itu, perlu dilakukan perbaikan tanah dasar menggunakan bahan kimia Terra Firma untuk meningkatkan daya dukung tanah dasarnya. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dengan pengambilan sampel dari Proyek Summarecon di Gedebage, Kota Bandung, termasuk pengujian skala laboratorium, untuk menentukan sifat fisik dan mekanik tanah lempung lunak. Uji skala laboratorium telah dilaksanakan pada berbagai variasi campuran tanah dengan komposisi Terra Firma 3%, 6%, dan 9%. Berdasarkan hasil uji laboratorium diperoleh nilai CBR tanah dasar sebesar 2,7% dan UCS 2,02 kg/cm², sedangkan hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa campuran Terra Firma yang paling efektif adalah 6% dengan waktu pemeraman selama 21 hari, dimana nilai CBR yang diperoleh sebesar 37,28% dan UCS 9,66 kg/cm². Oleh karena itu dapat disimpulkan bahwa penggunaan stabilisasi kimia Terra Firma dapat meningkatkan daya dukung tanah lempung lunak hingga 14 kali. Kata kunci: tanah lempung lunak, daya dukung, stabilisasi kimia, Terra Firma. ABSTRACT Soft clay soil is one of the basic types of soil that often causes problems in any kinds of construction due to its low bearing capacity and high sensitivity to changes in moisture content. Therefore, the soil needs to be repaired by applying Terra Firma chemicals to increase the bearing capacity of the soil. This research is conducted by taking soil samples from the Summarecon Gedebage Project area, Bandung City, and was conducted laboratory scale testing, to determine the physical and mechanical properties of soft clay soil. The laboratory scale test was conducted with various variations of ground mixture with Terra Firma 3%, 6%, and 9%. Based on laboratory test results it is found that the base soil CBR value is 2.7% and UCS 2.02 kg/cm², while the applied Terra Firma chemicals comparison result shows that the 6% mixture is the most effective with 21 days curing time, CBR value of 37.28% and UCS 9.66 kg/cm². Therefore it can be concluded that the use of Terra Firma chemicals can increase the bearing capacity of soft clay soil up to 14 times. Keywords: soft clay soil, bearing capacity, chemical stabilization, Terra Firma.

Identification of The Effectiveness of Trans Metro Bandung (TMB) Sony Herdiana; Chairun Achmad
RekaRacana: Jurnal Teknil Sipil Vol 5, No 4: Desember 2019
Publisher : Institut Teknologi Nasional, Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26760/rekaracana.v5i4.1

ABSTRACT One of the most acute problems for some big cities is traffic jams. Many of the factors that cause this problem to arise are the inadequate public transport system. The public transportation system itself is believed to be one of the solutions to urban transportation problems that support environmental sustainability. As one of the big cities in Indonesia, Bandung also experienced this congestion problem; therefore Transit Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) Trans Metro Bandung (TMB) system in Bandung City was presented to overcome the problem. However, the operation of Trans Metro Bandung is considered to not fully run according to plan and is effectively used by the community. The purpose of this research is to identify the level of effectiveness of TMB transport system. In the process to get answers to the level of effectiveness is calculated the effectiveness of TMB transport performance measured based on several indicators that include; load factor, speed, and passenger waiting time, headway, frequency, and safety and security aspects of user side. The indicators are analyzed by using statistical descriptive analysis method, which is then comparted with comparative descriptive analysis method to specified public transport standard. In addition, it was also assessed by the user perception of TMB transport to the existing performance of transportation. Based on the results of the analysis conducted then obtained a result that TMB transportation currently operating is still not effective if judged from the side of quantitative. However, the results of this quantitative analysis contrast with what is perceived by users who mostly have a positive perception of the existing performance of TMB transport. The whole conclusion that can be taken is that the mass transportation mode of the TMB transport still does not have a good performance effectiveness due to the poor performance of transportation compared with the existing standard. Keywords: Trans Metro Bandung, performance, perception, effectiveness

Analisis Perkuatan Fondasi Sumuran Jembatan Krueng Seulekat pada Ruas Jalan Nasional Tapaktuan-Subulussalam Kabupaten Aceh Selatan Nabila Naqya Nazda; Yuki Achmad Yakin
RekaRacana: Jurnal Teknil Sipil Vol 5, No 4: Desember 2019
Publisher : Institut Teknologi Nasional, Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26760/rekaracana.v5i4.53

ABSTRAK Struktur bawah Jembatan Krueng Seulekat terdiri dari 2 abutment dengan fondasi yang digunakan adalah fondasi sumuran diameter 3 m. Kedalaman fondasi sumuran pada abutment 1 yaitu 5,5 m dan pada abutment 2 yaitu 6,5 m. Jembatan tersebut perlu dilakukan pelebaran, dengan adanya pelebaran maka akan berpengaruh terhadap kapasitas daya dukung fondasi jembatan. Setelah jembatan dilebarkan, fondasi yang ada tidak lagi mampu menyalurkan beban aksial yang bekerja di atasnya (9503,63 kN). Perkuatan fondasi sumuran yang dilakukan adalah dengan cara melebarkan diameter fondasi agar kapasitas daya dukungnya mampu menahan beban struktur di atas nya. Analisis daya dukung yang digunakan yaitu dengan perhitungan manual dan pemodelan program PLAXIS 2D. Perencanaan perkuatan fondasi sumuran baru yang dipilih yaitu pada abutment 1 diameter fondasi sumuran menjadi 3,6 m dan pada abutment 2 diameter fondasi sumuran menjadi 3,4 m dengan kedalaman fondasi sumuran tetap seperti awal dan jumlah fondasi sumuran di setiap abutment adalah 1 unit. Kata kunci: fondasi sumuran, kapasitas daya dukung, pelebaran jembatan, perkuatan. ABSTRACT The substructure of Krueng Seulekat Bridge is consist of 2 abutment with the foundation namely a caisson foundation with a diameter of 3 m. The depth of the caisson on abutment 1 is 5,5 m and on abutment 2 is 6,5 m. The bridge needs to be widened, with the widening of the bridge structure it also affect the bearing capacity of the bridge foundations. Once the bridge is widened the foundation is no longer able to support the axial load that working on it (9503,63 kN). Reinforcement of the caisson foundation is planned by expanding the foundation diameter so that its bearing capacity is able to support the load of the upper structure after the bridge widening. Analysis is using the calculation of manual formula and modeling in software Plaxis 2D. The reinforcement planning for the new diameter of foundation is, in abutment 1 the diameter of caisson foundation becomes 3,6 m and in abutment 2 the diameter becomes 3,4 m with the depth of the caisson foundation remains as the beginning and the number of caisson foundation in each abutment is 1 unit. Keywords: caisson foundation, bearing capacity, bridge widening, reinforcement

Evaluasi Kinerja Parkir Sepeda Motor Institut Teknologi Nasional Nadia Khansa Adyputri; Elkhasnet Elkhasnet
RekaRacana: Jurnal Teknil Sipil Vol 5, No 4: Desember 2019
Publisher : Institut Teknologi Nasional, Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26760/rekaracana.v5i4.110

ABSTRAK Institut Teknologi Nasional (Itenas) merupakan salah satu Perguruan Tinggi Swasta yang dapat menimbulkan suatu aktifitas. Sebagai Perguruan Tinggi yang memiliki lebih dari 7.000 mahasiswa, Itenas tidak lepas dari masalah parkir, terutama lahan parkir untuk kendaraan sepeda motor. Data yang diperlukan dalam analisis didapatkan dari hasil survei lapangan dan diperoleh dari pengelola parkir.Berdasarkan hasil survei diperoleh lahan parkir yang tersedia di Kampus Institut Teknologi Nasional 3.798 m² dengan kapasitas 1.979 kendaraan. Jumlah kendaraan sepeda motor yang keluar masuk parkir pada pukul 04.30–22.00 adalah 4.239 kendaraan masuk dan 3.552 kendaraan keluar. Indeks parkir sepeda motor di Student Center 102,76 % dan di belakang GSG sebesar 110,61%, kondisi parkir sepeda motor sudah tidak dapat menampung kendaraan yang akan parkir. Durasi parkir sepeda motor di Student Center dan di belakang GSG adalah saat parkir lebih dari 12 jam. Pendapatan parkir yang diterima dari parkir di Student Center dan belakang GSG didapatkan Rp5.622.000,00/hari. Kata kunci: Ruang Parkir, Kebutuhan Parkir, Kendaraan ABSTRACT National Institute of Technology (Itenas) is one of the Private Universities that can generate an activity. As a university that has more than 7,000 students, Itenas cannot be separated from parking problems, especially parking lots for motorcycle vehicles. The data needed in the analysis is obtained from the results of a field survey and obtained from the parking manager. Based on the results of the survey, parking at National Institute of Technology is available at the 3,798 m² with a capacity of 1,979 vehicles. The number of motorbike vehicles coming in and out of parking at 04.30 to 22.00 is 4,239 inbound vehicles and 3,552 vehicles coming out. The motorcycle parking index at the Student Center is 102,76 % and behind the GSG is 110.61%, motorcycle parking conditions cannot accommodate vehicles that will park. Motorcycle parking duration at the Student Center and behind GSG is parking more than 12 hours. Parking revenue received from parking at the Student Center and behind GSG is Rp. 5,622,000.00/day. Keywords: Parking Space, Parking Requirements, Vehicles

Pengaruh Serbuk Batu Kapur terhadap Uji Tekan Beton Nurul Rochmah; Gede Sarya
RekaRacana: Jurnal Teknil Sipil Vol 5, No 4: Desember 2019
Publisher : Institut Teknologi Nasional, Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26760/rekaracana.v5i4.13

ABSTRAK Semakin banyaknya permintaan akan semen akibat dari pembangunan konstruksi yang memakai material beton semakin meningkat, mengakibatkan semakin lama harga semen mengalami kenaikan. Sehingga dalam penelitian ini untuk meminimalisir pemakaian semen dalam campuran beton, penggunaan semen disibstusikan dengan serbuk yang terbuat dari batu kapur. Dipilih batu kapur karena senyawa yang ada dalam batu kapur mirip dengan senyawa yang di kandung dalam semen. Adapun proporsi yang dipakai dalam substitusi ini menggunakan serbuk batu kapur dengan persentase kelipatan 5% mulai dari 0% sampai 20%. Dari Hasil Uji tekan diperolehuji tekan optimal dari variasi serbuk kapur dan serbuk semen adalah pada variasi 10% sebesar 12,7 N/m2. Kata kunci: campuran beton, optimal, semen, serbuk kapur, uji tekan ABSTRACT The increasing demand for cement as a result of the construction of construction that uses concrete materials has increased resulting in the longer the price of cement has increased. So that in this study to minimize the use of cement in concrete mixtures, the use of cement is discussed with powder made of limestone. Limestone is chosen because the compounds in limestone are similar to compounds contained in cement. The proportion used in this substitution uses limestone powder with a percentage of a multiple of 5% ranging from 0% to 20%. From the compressive test results obtained optimal pressure test from the variation of lime powder and cement powder is at a variation of 10% by 12.7 N/m2. Keywords: concrete mixture, optimal, cement, limestone powder, pressure test

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