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Kesmas: Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat Nasional (National Public Health Journal)
Published by Universitas Indonesia
ISSN : 19077505     EISSN : 24600601     DOI : https://doi.org/10.7454/kesmas
Core Subject : Health,
Health Professions Public Health
The focus of Kesmas is on public health as discipline and practices related to preventive and promotive measures to enhance the public health through a scientific approach applying a variety of technique. This focus includes areas and scopes such as Biostatistics, Environmental Public Health, Epidemiology, Health Policy, Health Services Research, Nutrition, Occupational Health and Industrial Hygiene, Public Health, Public Health Education and Promotion, Women Health.
Arjuna Subject : Kedokteran - Epidemilogi
Articles 7 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol. 7, No. 5" : 7 Documents clear
Integrated Services Post (Posyandu) as Sociocultural Approach for Primary Health Care Issue Soedirham, Oedojo
Kesmas Vol. 7, No. 5
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Kelahiran posyandu pada tahun 1980-an merupakan usaha pemerintah Indonesia untuk meningkatkan status kesehatan masyarakat, mengikuti panggilan internasional, Deklarasi Alma Ata (Kazakhstan) tentang kesehatan masyarakat tahun 1978. Konsep kunci deklarasi tersebut adalah partisipasi masyarakat. Di Indonesia, partisipasi masyarakat disebut “gotong royong”. Masyarakat memainkan peran penting dalam meningkatkan kesehatan masing-masing. Untuk melibatkan masyarakat dalam kesehatan masyarakat, relawan harus direkrut dan dilatih untuk mengenal isu-isu kesehatan masyarakat dasar. Gagasan mengenai relawan yang disebut kader (village health worker) tersebut diajukan agar relawan sebagai bagian dari masyarakat dapat lebih mudah menyampaikan program-program kesehatan karena lebih dekat dibandingkan pejabat kesehatan masyarakat. Di dalam artikel ini dibahas tentang Posyandu yang pada dasarnya merupakan pendekatan sosiokultural dalam pelayanan kesehatan masyarakat sebagai strategi untuk meningkatkan status kesehatan masyarakat Indonesia. The birth of Integrated services post (Posyandu) in 1980s is no doubt based on the effort of the Goverment of Indonesia to improve the health status of the population following the International call the Declaration of Alma-Ata (Kazakhstan) about Primary Health Care in 1978. The key concept of the declaration is community participation. In Indonesia specifically the community participation is called “gotong royong”. Community plays an important role in the improvement of their own health. To involve community in the health care, the volunteer has to be recruited and trained to recognize basic health care issues. The idea is that the volunteers that called village health worker (kader) as part of the community would be much easier to deliver health programs because they are closer to them compare to the public health officials. This paper is intended to discuss Posyandu which is basically a sociocultural approach for primary health care as a strategy to improve the health status of Indonesian people.
Tingkat Kepuasan Karyawan Perusahaan Swasta dalam Pelayanan Jaminan Sosial Tenaga Kerja (Jamsostek) Siagian, Matias
Kesmas Vol. 7, No. 5
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Penelitian ini berbentuk penelitian deskriptif yang mengkaji masalah pelaksanaan program Jaminan Sosial Tenaga Kerja (Jamsostek) sebagai hak karyawan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui tingkat kepuasan karyawan yang bermukim di desa Mulyorejo, sebuah desa industri, dalam pelayanan Jamsostek khususnya Jaminan Pemeliharaan Kesehatan, Jaminan Kecelakaan Kerja, dan Jaminan Kematian. Sampel penelitian terdiri dari 70 keluarga karyawan peserta Jamsostek. Data dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan kuesioner dan dianalisis dengan menggunakan statistik deskriptif. Tingkat kepuasan karyawan diukur dengan skala likert. Hasil penelitian menyimpulkan, secara umum pelayanan Jamsostek belum memuaskan. Sosialisasi belum memuaskan karyawan. Dari tiga pelayanan yang diteliti, hanya satu yang memuaskan, yaitu Jaminan Kematian, sedangkan pelayanan Jaminan Pemeliharaan Kesehatan dan Jaminan Kecelakaan Kerja kurang memuaskan. Pelayanan administrasi ternyata lebih buruk daripada pelayanan teknis. This research is descriptive study which reviewing problem of social securities program implementation as employee’s right. The objective of this study is to examine the employee satisfaction level who live in Mulyorejo, an industral village, in social security services particulary health insurance, accident insurance, and death benefit. Research sample involved 70 employee’s families as social security member. Research data was collected by questionaires and analysed by descriptive statistic. Satisfaction level of employee measured by likert scale. This research have led to some discoveries: generally, social security services has not satisfying the members. The program socialization has not been made employee satisfied. Only death benefit among other services that given satisfying service. Health insurance and accident insurance did not quite satisfying. Finally, administration service was really worse than technical service.
The Demands for Outpatient Care in Private Hospitals Pujiyanto, Pujiyanto
Kesmas Vol. 7, No. 5
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Peningkatan pendapatan per kapita menaikkan permintaan rawat jalan dan harapan mutu pelayanan rumah sakit. Masyarakat memiliki persepsi pelayanan rumah sakit swasta lebih bermutu daripada rumah sakit pemerintah, sehingga terdapat asumsi pelanggan rumah sakit swasta mempunyai karakteristik khusus. Tujuan studi ini adalah menginvestigasi berbagai faktor yang berhubungan dengan utilisasi rawat jalan dan kelompok yang mendapat manfaat. Studi ini menggunakan 42.540 responden rumah sakit swasta IFLS-4 tahun 2007. Semakin tinggi pendapatan semakin tinggi pula permintaan, kelompok jaminan/asuransi mempunyai permintaan yang lebih tinggi daripada non-jaminan. Kenaikan tarif rawat jalan rumah sakit swasta yang dipersepsi masyarakat sebagai barang mewah meningkatkan permintaan. Namun, kenaikan tarif rawat jalan rumah sakit pemerintah tidak memengaruhi permintaan rawat jalan rumah sakit swasta. Hal tersebut mengindikasikan karakteristik pasien rumah sakit swasta yang berbeda dari rumah sakit pemerintah. Kelompok kaya mendapatkan manfaat rawat jalan rumah sakit swasta lebih besar daripada kelompok miskin. Untuk mengoreksi keadaan ini pemerintah perlu menegakkan peraturan menteri kesehatan tentang fungsi sosial rumah sakit. Improvement of per capita income will boost the demand for outpatient care and lead enhanced expectation of service quality of hospital. People perceived that private hospital has better services than public hospital. Based on these, we assumed that private hospital users have particular characteristics. This study aimed to investigate factors associated with utilization of private hospitals for outpatient care and who get the benefits, the rich or the poor. This study used data of 42,540 respondents from IFLS-4 collected in 2007. Analyses showed the higher the income the higher the demand. Insured’s groups have higher demand than uninsured. Demand analyses revealed that increased price of private hospital caused higher demand. This evidence indicated that outpatient care of private hospital was perceived as luxuries goods. However increased price of public hospital did not influence the demand of private hospital. It is indicate that private hospital has different type with patients of public hospital. It means that the two types of hospital comprise different segment of patients. The rich benefited more outpatient care in private hospital than the poor. It implies that the government should enforced Ministry of Health’s regulation on hospital social function.
Kondisi Sosial Ekonomi dan Stres pada Wanita Hipertensi Anggota Majelis Taklim Fitriani, Anna
Kesmas Vol. 7, No. 5
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Proporsi hipertensi pada wanita selalu lebih tinggi dengan peningkatan usia populasi. Penelitian ini membahas hipertensi dan faktor risiko pada 105 wanita dewasa anggota Majelis Taklim Al-Amin Cilandak, Jakarta Selatan. Penelitian observasional dengan desain studi potong lintang ini dilatarbelakangi oleh hasil Riset Kesehatan Dasar (Riskesdas) 2007 dengan metode analisis uji Chi Square. Populasi target adalah seluruh anggota majelis taklim di Jakarta Selatan dengan sampel anggota Majelis Taklim Al-Amin di Kecamatan Cilandak yang datang pada saat pengambilan data. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa prevalensi hipertensi sebesar 41,7% lebih tinggi daripada provinsi DKI Jakarta (28,6%) dan angka nasional 2007 (31,7%). Hipertensi pada penelitian ini berhubungan dengan sosial ekonomi yang rendah dan kondisi stres. Untuk itu, diharapkan promosi kesehatan dan penanggulangan stres diberikan di majelis-majelis taklim. Proportion of hypertension is always higher among women by increasing population age. This study focused on hypertension and it’s risk factor in 105 adult women who are members of Majelis Taklim Al-Amin Cilandak, South Jakarta. An observational study using a cross sectional design was performed and stimulated based on Indonesian Base Health Research 2007. This research result showed that the prevalence of hypertension is 41.7%, which is higher than DKI Jakarta (28.6%) and Indonesia (31.7%). In this research, hypertension is correlated with low socioeconomic status and stress. Therefore, it is recommended to run health promotion and stress management in majelis taklim.
Perbedaan Gender pada Kejadian Sindrom Metabolik pada Penduduk Perkotaan di Indonesia Bantas, Krisnawaty; Yoseph, Hari Koesnanto; Moelyono, Budi
Kesmas Vol. 7, No. 5
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Sindrom Metabolik (SM) merupakan faktor risiko penting penyakit kardiovaskuler yang merupakan penyebab utama kematian di Indonesia. Perbedaan gender pada SM berkontribusi terhadap perbedaan gender pada penyakit kardiovaskuler. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui prevalensi dan risiko SM berdasarkan gender di perkotaan Indonesia menggunakan data Riset Kesehatan Dasar 2007 dan menggunakan rancangan penelitian potong lintang. Populasi penelitian terdiri dari 13.262 orang pria dan wanita yang tidak hamil berusia lebih dari 15 tahun yang bermukim di daerah perkotaan. Variabel penelitian meliputi variabel dependen sindrom metabolik. Variabel independen utama adalah gender dan variabel kovariat yang lain adalah level 1 (umur, status perkawinan, pendidikan, stres, merokok, dan aktivitas fisik), level 2 (pendapatan keluarga, konsumsi energi rumah tangga, konsumsi protein rumah tangga, konsumsi serat rumah tangga, anggota rumah tangga, dan balita dalam rumah tangga), dan level 3 (provinsi, status urban, dan Indeks Pembangunan Manusia (IPM)). Analisis dilakukan dengan multilevel regresi logistik. Hasil penelitian menyebutkan bahwa prevalensi SM adalah 17,5 %, prevalensi pada wanita (21,3%) lebih tinggi daripada pria (12,9%). Risiko sindrom metabolik berdasarkan gender bergantung pada status umur, pendidikan, dan perkawinan dari individu. Variasi kejadian SM berdasarkan pendapatan keluarga kecil (nilai MOR 1,21) dan variasi kejadian SM berdasarkan provinsi juga kecil (nilai MOR 1,18). Metabolic Syndrome (MS) is an important factor for Cardiovascular Disease (CVD). One of the main causes of death in Indonesia is CVD. Gender differences in MS may contribute the gender differences in CVD. This study aimed to examine the prevalence and MS risk by gender in the urban population of Indonesia using Riskesdas 2007 data and cross-sectional design study. Population of study consisted of 13,262 men and non pregnant women over 15 years old lived in urban area. Variables included in this study are MS as the dependent variable and gender as the main independent variable. The covariate variables consisted of: level 1 variables (age, marital status, education, stress, smoking, and physical activity), level 2 (family outcome, household energy consumption, protein consumption, fiber consumption, members, and toddler under 5 years), level 3 (province, urban status, and human development index). Multilevel logistic regression used in data analysis. Result showed that prevalence of MS was 17,5%, on women (21.3%) was higher than men (12.9%). The risk of MS by gender was depent on age, educational level, and marital status of individual. The variation of MS occurrence among the family incomes was small (MOR 1.21), and the variation of MS occurrence among the provinces was also small (MOR 1.18).
Evaluasi Berat Badan Tidak Naik pada Bayi di Bawah Dua Tahun Warga Miskin Setelah Pemberian MP-ASI Ciptaningtyas, Ratri; Sumantri, Arif; Ramadhan, M. Arbi
Kesmas Vol. 7, No. 5
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Program Pemberian Makanan Pendamping ASI (MP-ASI) berupa bubur untuk 6-11 bulan dan biskuit untuk 12-24 bulan dan bertujuan untuk meningkatkan status gizi pada anak, terutama pada keluarga miskin. Tujuan penelitian ini mengevaluasi berbagai faktor yang memengaruhi berat badan tidak naik pada baduta keluarga miskin setelah pemberian program MP-ASI kementerian kesehatan. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada 82 ibu baduta yang menerima MP-ASI dengan desain studi kasus kontrol menggunakan data primer dan sekunder. Analisis dilakukan dengan regresi multivariat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan hubungan antara berat badan tidak naik dengan ASI eksklusif (OR = 3,48; IK 95% = 1,38-8,80), pemberian MP-ASI kementerian kesehatan (OR = 0,30; IK 95% = 0,10-0,94), riwayat penyakit infeksi (OR = 3,07; IK 95% = 1,17-8,03), dan pola konsumsi susu (OR = 0,23; IK 95% = 0,07-0,79). Faktor yang paling dominan berpengaruh adalah ASI eksklusif (B = 6,152). Sebaiknya, program MP-ASI disosialisasikan secara menyeluruh dan jelas. The Complementary Feeding Program is conducted through the distribution puree for 6-11 month old and biscuits for those who were 12 to 24 months old infant and aimed to improve the nutritional status of malnourished toddlers from poor families. The aim of this study was to evaluate the factors influencing failure weight gain among toddlers of low economy families after the program. This study was conducted on 82 mothers who received Complementary Feeding Program biscuit using case-control design study. Analysis conducted through the multivariate regression. The result showed that the state of failure weight gain is significantly affected by exclusive breastfeeding (OR = 3.48; CI 95% = 1.38-8.80), the duration of provision for the Complementary Feeding Program (OR = 0.30; CI 95% = 0.10-0.94), the history of infectious diseases (OR = 3.07; CI 95% = 1.17-8.03), and the pattern of milk consumption (OR = 0.23; CI 95% = 0.07-0.79). The most dominant factor affecting failure weight gain was exclusive breastfeeding (B = 6.15). A through socialization of the Complementary Feeding Program is recommended.
Variasi Cakupan Jaminan Persalinan di Kabupaten Bogor 2011 Endarti, Ajeng Tias
Kesmas Vol. 7, No. 5
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Program Jaminan Persalinan (Jampersal) dirancang untuk meningkatkan akses ibu hamil pada fasilitas pelayanan kesehatan yang pada gilirannya berkontribusi terhadap penurunan kematian ibu. Artikel ini bertujuan menilai cakupan Jampersal di Kabupaten Bogor, Provinsi Jawa Barat dengan menggunakan sumber data sekunder yaitu profil kesehatan dan laporan kesehatan ibu dan anak (KIA) Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Bogor tahun 2011. Cakupan Program Jaminan Persalinan yang meliputi pelayanan antenatal care (ANC), persalinan, dan pascapersalinan berada pada kisaran 2,67% _ 12,56%, dengan cakupan tertinggi pelayanan persalinan (12,56%). Berdasarkan uji analysis of variance (ANOVA) ditemukan perbedaan yang bermakna antara cakupan di wilayah pembangunan barat (25,05%), tengah (9,43%), dan timur (11,08%) (nilai p = 0,012). Uji multiple comparison menunjukkan perbedaan rata-rata cakupan Jaminan Persalinan di wilayah barat dan wilayah tengah yang bermakna (p = 0,011; IK 95% = 3,12 – 29,60). Perbedaan tersebut kemungkinan disebabkan oleh perbedaan intensitas sosialisasi program oleh petugas kesehatan dan elemen masyarakat. Sosialisasi meningkatkan pengenalan sasaran terhadap program tersebut, khususnya kelompok miskin. Perbedaan cakupan Jampersal dapat juga disebabkan oleh perbedaan cakupan jaminan kesehatan yang lain. Masyarakat yang sudah mempunyai jaminan kesehatan menjadi tidak berhak untuk mengikuti program Jampersal. Direkomendasikan untuk melakukan sosialisasi Jampersal yang difokuskan pada kelompok sasaran kategori miskin yang belum mempunyai jaminan kesehatan. Delivery insurance (Jampersal) was designed to increase pregnant woman to access health care fasility that contributed to reduce maternal death. The study aimed to describe Jampersal coverage for delivery. It utilized Bogor District health profile and maternal and child health report 2011. Coverage of Jampersal was about 2,67-12,56%, for antenatal care, delivery care, and postnatal care, the highest coverage was for delivery (12,56%). Analysis of variance test showed the significance among the coverage in west (25,05%), central (9,43%), and east (11,08%) area (p = 0,012). Multiple comparison analysis then showed that difference coverage was significance between west and central area (p = 0,011; 95% CI = 3,12–29,60). Different coverage might be associated with the intensity of Jampersal promotion done by both health workers and communities. Promotion will be essential for the success of program due to its abili ty to increase the community recognition, particularly for lower socioeconomic group, to Jampersal. It also might be influenced by discrepancy of other health insurances coverage. Those who already had health insurance would not be eligible for Jampersal. It is recommended to increase the Jampersal promotion focused to the poor groups that have not been covered by any other health insurance.

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