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<![CDATA[THERMAL ANALYSIS AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PYROLYSIS FUNCTION ]]>
<![CDATA[Richard Pardomuan Sinaga]]>;
<![CDATA[I Gede Eka Lesmana]]>
<![CDATA[ TRAKSI Vol 22, No 2 (2022): TRAKSI ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Muhammadiyah Semarang ]]>
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DOI: 10.26714/traksi.22.2.2022.149-161
<![CDATA[Biomass-fueled pyrolysis furnace is one approach to utilizing biomass as an alternative fuel and reducing the accumulation of plastic waste, where the furnace works to heat the plastic pyrolysis reactor and the oil cycle heat exchanger simultaneously. Where plastic pyrolysis produces gas to be converted into liquid fuel, and the heat in the oil cycle is used as a reference for the ORC (organic Rankine cycle) heat source in future research. Because the furnace has just been manufactured and no experimental analysis has been carried out regarding the testing method for the output product, therefore the purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of the fuel use method on the volume, quality, and efficiency of pyrolysis oil, maximum oil cycle temperature, and furnace performance. In this study, the type of plastic used is PET (polyethylene terephthalate) from used mineral water bottles that have been chopped with an initial mass of 5.2 kg and poured into a 26 kg reactor which is expected to reach pyrolysis gas at a temperature of 335°C which is then cooled by fixed bed condenser with a cooling rate of 19 liters/minute. Meanwhile, in the oil cycle using SAE 20W-50 engine oil at 1.3 liters/minute, it is expected to reach oil at a temperature above 90°C. The test was carried out twice based on the method of using the fuel, where in the first experiment using coconut shell charcoal briquettes as the main fuel with a feed of 5.0 kg/hour and LPG as a burner every 20 minutes per briquette feed, while the fuel in the second experiment only use LPG. The first pyrolysis experiment obtained 645 ml of pyrolysis oil with a density of 797-869 kg/m3 and a pyrolysis efficiency of 16.125%, while the second experiment obtained 986 ml with a density of 894-928 kg/m3 and a pyrolysis efficiency of 24.65%. The maximum temperature reached by the oil cycle was 122°C in the first experiment and 95°C in the second experiment. And the performance of the furnace in the first experiment showed that the thermal efficiency of the furnace was 38.84% and 76.59% in the second experiment.]]>
<![CDATA[CALCULATION OF THE DRUM BRAKES ON THE REAR WHEELS OF THE CAR SUZUKI ERTIGA 2016 ]]>
<![CDATA[Aswatul Sahrul]]>;
<![CDATA[Kardiman -]]>;
<![CDATA[Aa Santosa]]>
<![CDATA[ TRAKSI Vol 22, No 2 (2022): TRAKSI ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Muhammadiyah Semarang ]]>
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DOI: 10.26714/traksi.22.2.2022.213-233
<![CDATA[The brake system is one of the engine component elements in a vehicle that can support the comfort and safety factor in driving. Brakes work to slow down or slow down the movement of the wheels by means of problems. Kinetic energy lost from a moving object is usually converted into heat due to an effect. The purpose of this report is to know the canvas life, function, working principle and efficient calculation. The method used to make reports from direct observations of objects, literature studies and guidance from supervisors. From the specifications of the drum brakes that have been described, we can find out the calculation steps needed to find the normal force on the rear wheel, the permissible frictional force on the asphalt, the life of the canvas with ceramic material, and the maximum spring force at the top and bottom. After several calculation steps, the normal force on the rear wheel will be 2270.50 N. The permissible frictional force on the asphalt is 681.10 N. The service life of the canvas with 100 days of braking for 1.40 seconds is 45 days. The maximum force of the upper spring is 24.99 N, and the maximum force of the lower spring is 166.62 N.]]>
<![CDATA[SIMULATION ANALYSIS OF ERGONOMIC DESIGN OF ELECTRIC MOTORBIKE FRAMES FOR RESIDENTIAL COMMUNITIES ]]>
<![CDATA[Dwiky Ibrahim Kiki]]>;
<![CDATA[Rizal Hanifi]]>
<![CDATA[ TRAKSI Vol 22, No 2 (2022): TRAKSI ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Muhammadiyah Semarang ]]>
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DOI: 10.26714/traksi.22.2.2022.162-174
<![CDATA[Electric motorbikes are an economical and environmentally friendly means of transportation but have limitations on cruising and speed. In its development began to be used motorcycles with gasoline fuel. On the one hand, it is able to overcome the limitations of cruising power and speed, but on the other hand, it causes air pollution. To overcome this comes the technology of electric motorbikes. This electric bike does not cause air pollution because there is no combustion that occurs, has only an alight drawback which is limited electrical power and the length of time for recharger. In motor vehicles, the frame is the most important part that will hold and as a seat of various components, and support a load of these components on the vehicle system. Calculation of skeletal strength is very important to ensure the frame is able to withstand the load. Calculation of frame strength can be done manually (hand calculation) or by using Finite Element Analysis (FEA). on this frame, strength calculation using finite element analysis (FEA) with Solidworks software 2018. By using simulation can be known the value of von mises, displacement, and safety factors. from the results of the analysis of the smallest safety factor rider weight, 170 kg = 2.58. The results of the analysis of the construction of electric motorcycle frames carried out on static loading are safe because it is less than the minimum value of the safety factor of 1.25]]>
<![CDATA[COMPARISON OF MILL PULVERIZER GEARBOX VIBRATION EVALUATION USING ISO 10816-3:2009 AND ISO 20816-9:2020 ]]>
<![CDATA[Andi Kurniawan]]>;
<![CDATA[Rivi Vedianto]]>
<![CDATA[ TRAKSI Vol 23, No 1 (2023): TRAKSI ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Muhammadiyah Semarang ]]>
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DOI: 10.26714/traksi.23.1.2023.%p
<![CDATA[Mill pulverizer is an important equipment in coal power plant that must be maintained for its reliability. Sudden damage of mill pulverizer can cause economic losses for power plant. Therefore, vibration assessment is carried out routinely to determine its condition status. Previously, ISO 10816-3:2009 was used as reference in vibration assessment of Mill Pulverizer gearbox. However, recently there is ISO 20816-9:2020 which is intended for the evaluation of gear vibration. This study experiment assessed the vibration of mill pulverizer based on ISO 10816-3:2009 and ISO 20816-9:2020. The results indicate that these two standards produces different vibration severity statuses. Verification of the machine's vibration severity status is carried out by analyzing the vibration spectrum data.]]>
<![CDATA[CONSTANT EVALUATION OF COAL BULK CARRIER AS TECHNICAL DRAUGHT SURVEY SUPERVISION: A CASE STUDY AT COAL FIRED STEAM POWER PLANT ]]>
<![CDATA[Denny Murdany Muchsin]]>
<![CDATA[ TRAKSI Vol 23, No 1 (2023): TRAKSI ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Muhammadiyah Semarang ]]>
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DOI: 10.26714/traksi.23.1.2023.%p
<![CDATA[The difference in cargo quantity between the results of the draught survey in Loading Port and Unloading Port is common thing in coal trading transactions. However, all parties (suppliers, buyers, and surveyors) agreed on a clause in adjusting the quantity of coal to be paid in case of a difference in a quantity exceeding 0.5%. However, the complicated draught survey process has the potential to cause anomalies in the final result. The anomaly existed once we compare precision of cargo quantity among ports with precision of bulk carrier constant among ports. This study aimed to confirm precision of bulk carrier constant be an alternative parameter in on-site supervision. The results of this study had proven that precision of cargo quantity cannot stand alone in on-site supervision. Precision of bulk carrier constant showed 77,6% of 75 shipments we exceed tolerance limit 10%. ]]>
<![CDATA[BOILER RELIABILITY ANALYSIS WITH WEIBULL TO MEASURE THE IMPACT OF METAL COATING ON THE WALL TUBE BOILER CFB UPK TARAHAN ]]>
<![CDATA[Eko Setiono]]>
<![CDATA[ TRAKSI Vol 23, No 1 (2023): TRAKSI ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Muhammadiyah Semarang ]]>
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DOI: 10.26714/traksi.23.1.2023.%p
<![CDATA[One of the problems related to the operation of PLTU with CFB type boilers is the occurrence of leaks in the furnace area caused by erosion in the boiler tube which is a consequence of the use of bed material for the fluidization process. This writing aims to provide an overview of the implementation of metal coating on CFB type boilers in preventing leakage due to erosion that occurs in the furnace to increase the reliability of boiler equipment, especially the furnace wall tube area. Through a very good planning, implementation and monitoring and evaluation process including the process of determining the coating material based on the results of research conducted by the PLN Research and Development Center, the process of installing the coating according to standard requirements and carrying out an inspection of the condition of the boiler pipe that is applied to the coating as well as appropriate follow-up based on the results of the coating inspection. , the application of metal coating boiler pipes at PLTU Tarahan succeeded in increasing the reliability of unit 3. With the same number of operating hours, namely 96,696 hours, based on the data above, it is known that the reliability value of Boiler unit 3 after metal coating has increased from 8.2% to 11.2% with the percentage of Probability of Failure (POF) decreasing from 95.1% to 88.5%.]]>
<![CDATA[FAILURE MODE ANALYSIS AND CRITICALITY ANALYSIS FOR DETERMINING THE HEALTH INDEX OF DISTRIBUTED CONTROL SYSTEM EQUIPMENT IN PLTU ]]>
<![CDATA[Saputra Dwi Nugroho]]>
<![CDATA[ TRAKSI Vol 23, No 1 (2023): TRAKSI ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Muhammadiyah Semarang ]]>
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DOI: 10.26714/traksi.23.1.2023.%p
<![CDATA[A steam power plant (PLTU) is a power plant that uses coal fuel in its function to produce electrical energy. The main equipment of PLTU includes boilers, turbines, generators, distributed control systems (DCS), transformers and common systems. PLTU as a power plant must maintain its reliability to meet the demands of financial performance and technical performance. One of the main generating equipment at PLTU Lampung that must be maintained for reliability is the distributed control system (DCS) which is the main controller of the power plant. to maintain the reliability of DCS equipment, Failure Mode, Effect and Criticality Analysis (FMECA) analysis was carried out, then the equipment health index was compiled so that the current condition of the PLTU Lampung Unit 2 DCS equipment was obtained. The equipment health index is very useful for determining preventive measures so that the DCS equipment does not experience a malfunction that caused PLTU Lampung Unit 2 to stop production. The research that has been carried out has obtained the health index of the DCS PLTU Lampung Unit 2 equipment of 98.35% with the health index value of the components below, namely FCS 106 = 95.3%, FCS 107 = 96.45%, FCS 108 = 100%, FCS 109 = 100% and FCS 110 = 100%.]]>
<![CDATA[BLUETOOTH CONTROL SYSTEM ON ELECTRIC WHEELCHAIRS USING VOICE RECOGNITION ]]>
<![CDATA[Eko Arianto]]>;
<![CDATA[Bernardinus Sri Widodo]]>;
<![CDATA[Antonius Hendro Noviyanto]]>;
<![CDATA[Nugroho Budi Wicaksono]]>;
<![CDATA[Agatha Mahardika Anugrayuning Jiwatami]]>
<![CDATA[ TRAKSI Vol 23, No 1 (2023): TRAKSI ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Muhammadiyah Semarang ]]>
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DOI: 10.26714/traksi.23.1.2023.%p
<![CDATA[Currently technology is highly developed and supports many new innovations. The most innovation is wireless technology and voice recognition. One of the widely used wireless technology is Bluetooth. By utilizing Bluetooth connectivity and voice recognition applications on smart phones, it can be used to control electronic equipment. In this study, voice recognition applications and Bluetooth connections will be used on smart phones to control electric wheelchairs. This research begins with designing an electric wheelchair. For Bluetooth communication using the HC-05 Bluetooth module. The wheelchair was developed by modifying conventional wheelchairs to become electric. The user or patient will control the wheelchair using his smart phone through the voice recognition application. Commands in the form of voice that will be sent by the smart phone and received by the HC-05 Bluetooth module, then become input for the Arduino microcontroller. The microcontroller will then process the input data and will instruct the motor driver to give instructions to the wheelchair driving motor. The electric wheelchair's voice control system with a Bluetooth connection can work quite well. The Bluetooth connection used in this electric wheelchair voice control system works optimally and well at a distance of <10 meters, the connection starts to drop at a distance of 10 to 23 meters, and the connection is lost when the distance is 30 meters. The results of the voice recognition test on voice commands were successful with an accuracy of 85%. The total test is 100 orders with a total error of 15 orders.]]>
<![CDATA[HOLDING TIME EFFECT OF THE CARBURIZING PROCESS ON FREIGHT TRUCK IMITATION NOZZLE AGAINST CORROSION RATE ]]>
<![CDATA[Sigit Gunawan]]>
<![CDATA[ TRAKSI Vol 23, No 1 (2023): TRAKSI ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Muhammadiyah Semarang ]]>
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DOI: 10.26714/traksi.23.1.2023.%p
<![CDATA[One of the important components in the diesel engine fuel system is the nozzle. The material for making the nozzle must have a fairly high corrosion resistance. This study aims to determine the effect of the holding time of the imitation truck carburizing nozzle carburizing process on the corrosion rate. The research variable is the carburization holding time. Variation of holding time 90, 120, 150, 180 and 210 minutes. The method used in this study is an experiment through laboratory testing using the carburization process. The carburization process was carried out using coconut shell charcoal carburized media and added barium carbonate. The nozzle is then made into a specimen for hardness test, corrosion test and microstructure test. Specimens were made in two conditions, namely raw material conditions and conditions with carburization treatment. The carburizing process was carried out by heating the test specimens in a clay box filled with a mixture of carburizing media and barium carbonate (BaCO3) at 900ºC with various holding times of 90, 120, 150, 180 and 210 minutes, then the specimens were quenched by dipping. into the cooling medium in the form of oil to room temperature. The next stage is testing hardness, corrosion and microstructure. The results showed that the increase in holding time caused the hardness to increase and the corrosion rate tended to decrease. The highest average hardness is 975.4 VHN at holding time 210 minutes, and the lowest corrosion rate is 1.6328 mm/year at holding time 210 minutes. As the holding time of the carburizing process increased, the C content increased, thus stimulating the formation of martensite and chromium carbides.]]>
<![CDATA[COATING ON COMPOSITE PISTON HEAD WITH ZIRCONIA POWDER USING SPRAY THERMAL COATING TO INCREASE MECHANICAL STRENGTH AND FUEL SAVING ]]>
<![CDATA[Solechan MT]]>
<![CDATA[ TRAKSI Vol 23, No 1 (2023): TRAKSI ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Muhammadiyah Semarang ]]>
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DOI: 10.26714/traksi.23.1.2023.%p
<![CDATA[Motor vehicle pistons are often damaged. Most of the damage to the piston is worn and broken. Waste aluminum piston added with SiC can be used for the manufacture of new pistons, but low heat resistance, easy wear and high abrasion. How to overcome these shortcomings, carried out the process of coating the composite piston head with zirconia powder using a thermal spray coating. This process is able to improve mechanical properties and save fuel, but its strength is still below the standard strength of the original piston. The research objective is to analyze the effect of the composition of the material mixture, the number of coatings and the firing distance on the composite piston head on mechanical strength and fuel saving. The research method is to coat the composite piston head using a thermal spray coating using zirconia powder. The research variable is by varying the composition of the piston material mixture, the number of coatings and the firing distance of the coating. Coating material of zirconia or for grain size of 20 µm. Optimal results are obtained by the composition of the piston mixture on the P3 code specimen, coated 5 times, and the firing range is 8 cm. For hardness of 77.29 HRV, wear of 1.50E-03 mm2/Kg and fuel saving of 4.36% compared to the original piston.]]>
