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Journal of Biomedical Sciences and Health
Published by Universitas Karya Husada Semarang
ISSN : 30626854     EISSN : 30477182     DOI : https://doi.org/10.34310/
Core Subject : Health, Science,
Immunology & microbiology Medicine & Pharmacology Neuroscience Nursing Public Health
The Journal of Biomedical Sciences and Health (JBSH) accepts manuscripts in basic sciences and applied clinical research. It covers various fields of biomedical sciences, but is not limited to Medical sciences. Our journal accepts and publishes original articles and review articles that significantly contribute to the understanding of biomedical sciences and health. The Journal of Biomedical Sciences and Health is published biannually in the months of February and August. This journal is available for download to anyone, including students, researchers, and lecturers. Authors are not charged for publication in JBSH. JBSH is a journal that disseminates, discusses, and presents scientific literature to support other communities on health developments, thereby increasing the knowledge of scientists and health workers and ultimately improving the health of the global population. JBSH covers a wide range of topics, including: 1. Biomedical Sciences: Molecular biology, microbiology, anatomy, physiology, biochemistry, etc. 2. Health: Medicine, Nursing, Obstetrics, Public Health, Pharmacy, Radiology, Administration of Community Health Centers, Hospitals, and Health Services, Health analyst. Journal of Biomedical Sciences and Health (JBSH) is published by Program Studi Ilmu Biomedis Fakultas Ilmu Keperawatan dan Kesehatan Universitas Karya Husada Semarang. JBSH is expected to increase its visibility through scientific studies and research findings accessible to academic circles and researchers.
Arjuna Subject : Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler - Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler (Lain-Lain)
Articles 40 Documents
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Effect of citrus essential oil on blood serotonin level in wistar rats exposed to cigarette smoke Amelia Hima Risqia; Kamilia Dwi Utami; Qorry Amanda; Conita Yuniarifa; Wignyo Santosa
Journal of Biomedical Sciences and Health Vol. 2 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Karya Husada Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.34310/jbsh.v2.i1.181

Abstract

Background: Smoking cessation lowers blood serotonin levels and triggers withdrawal symptoms such as anxiety. Citrus aromatherapy is known to produce a calming effect through elevated serotonin levels, potentially easing nicotine withdrawal symptoms. Objective: This study aimed to determine the effect of citrus aromatherapy on blood serotonin (5-HT) levels in male Wistar rats undergoing a smoking cessation protocol. Methods: This experimental study used a post-test only control group design with 24 male Wistar rats randomly divided into 4 groups. The normal group received standard feed for 36 days. The negative control, citrus aromatherapy, and fluoxetine groups received standard feed for 7 days, were exposed to cigarette smoke (14 cigarettes/day) for 28 days, then received their respective treatments for 7 days. On day 37, blood was collected to measure serotonin (5-HT) levels using ELISA, and data were analyzed using One Way ANOVA followed by Post Hoc LSD. Results: Mean serotonin (5-HT) levels were 12.70 ± 0.19 ng/ml in the normal group, 5.87 ± 0.23 ng/ml in the negative control group, 10.49 ± 0.22 ng/ml in the citrus aromatherapy group, and 9.88 ± 0.21 ng/ml in the fluoxetine group. All four groups differed significantly from one another (One Way ANOVA, F=1054.890; p<0.001; Post Hoc LSD, p<0.001 for all pairwise comparisons), with the citrus aromatherapy group even surpassing the fluoxetine group. Conclusion: Citrus aromatherapy significantly affected blood serotonin (5-HT) levels in male Wistar rats undergoing a smoking cessation protocol.
Effectiveness of cognitive stimulation group activity therapy on cognitive function in elderly people with mild cognitive impairment in nursing homes Fery Agusman Motuho Mendrofa; Sonhaji; Moch Jamaluddin
Journal of Biomedical Sciences and Health Vol. 2 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Karya Husada Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.34310/jbsh.v2.i1.189

Abstract

Background: Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) is a transitional stage between normal cognitive aging and dementia that carries a considerable annual risk of progression if left untreated, making early intervention particularly important for institutionalized older adults, who face a higher risk of cognitive decline due to limited activity. Objective: This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of Group Cognitive Stimulation Therapy (GCST) on cognitive function among older adults with MCI in nursing homes. Methods: A quasi-experimental design with a pretest-posttest non-equivalent control group was used, involving 60 older adults (30 intervention, 30 control) recruited through purposive sampling in nursing homes in Semarang between October and December 2024. The intervention group received GCST for 16 sessions over 8 weeks, while the control group continued routine nursing home activities. Cognitive function was assessed using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). Results: Baseline MoCA scores were comparable between groups (21.3 ± 2.4 vs 21.5 ± 2.2; p = 0.728). After the intervention, the mean MoCA score increased to 25.1 ± 2.6 in the intervention group compared with 21.3 ± 2.3 in the control group, a mean difference of 3.8 points (95% CI 2.56-5.04; Cohen’s d = 1.55; p < 0.001). Conclusion: GCST produced a significant and substantial improvement in cognitive function among institutionalized older adults with MCI, supporting its consideration as a low-cost, non-pharmacological component of routine nursing home care, although confirmation through larger, multi-site randomized trials with longer follow-up remains warranted.
Analysis of beta-amyloid in plasma as early diagnostic biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease in the elderly population Fery Agusman Motuho Mendrofa; Poppy Fransisca Amelia; Fitra Adi Prayogo
Journal of Biomedical Sciences and Health Vol. 2 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Karya Husada Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.34310/jbsh.v2.i1.191

Abstract

Background: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the leading cause of dementia in older adults, yet early biological confirmation remains challenging in primary care. The plasma amyloid-β42/β40 ratio has emerged as a minimally invasive marker of cerebral amyloid burden. Objective: This study evaluated the diagnostic potential of the plasma amyloid-β42/β40 ratio for early AD detection in elderly primary-care patients and examined its relationship with cognitive performance. Methods: A case-control study was conducted among 20 elderly participants (≥65 years) from community health centres (Puskesmas) in Semarang, Indonesia, including 10 patients with clinically diagnosed AD and 10 age- and sex-matched cognitively healthy controls. Plasma amyloid-β42 and amyloid-β40 were measured using ELISA. Cognitive function was assessed using the MMSE and MoCA. Statistical analyses included independent t-tests, Pearson correlation, ROC analysis, and Firth bias-reduced logistic regression. Results: The plasma amyloid-β42/β40 ratio was significantly lower in the AD group than in controls (0.115 ± 0.005 vs 0.138 ± 0.004; p<0.001), as was amyloid-β42 concentration (35.3 ± 3.1 vs 43.3 ± 2.6 pg/mL; p<0.001). The ratio showed strong correlations with MMSE (r=0.984, p<0.001) and MoCA (r=0.988, p<0.001) scores. ROC analysis demonstrated complete group separation (AUC=1.000) at a cut-off ≤0.126, with 100% sensitivity and specificity. Each 0.01-unit decrease in the ratio was associated with increased AD odds (Firth-adjusted OR=25.79; 95% CI 1.79–372.64; p=0.017). Conclusion: The plasma amyloid-β42/β40 ratio showed strong discrimination between AD and healthy ageing and closely reflected cognitive impairment. However, the small sample size and complete separation require validation in larger, diverse cohorts before clinical implementation.
The Effectiveness of Cakalang Bone Extract (Katsuwonus pelamis) on the Epithelialization Capacity of Burn-Induced Rats (Rattus norvegicus) Wa Sukmawati La Angkuna; Wahdaniar; Muhammad Asri
Journal of Biomedical Sciences and Health Vol. 2 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Karya Husada Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.34310/jbsh.v2.i1.192

Abstract

Background: Burns are skin injuries caused by heat exposure that can damage the epidermis, dermis, and even the hypodermis, while also affecting connective tissue, muscle, cutaneous nerves, and blood vessels, thereby disrupting the body's homeostasis. Objective: This study aimed to determine the effect and effective concentration of ethanol extract of skipjack bone (Katsuwonus pelamis) on the epithelialization capacity of burn-induced rats. Methods: Twenty-five rats were divided into five groups: a negative control (KN, distilled water), a positive control (K+, 0.9% NaCl), and three treatment groups (K1, K2, K3) given ethanol extract of skipjack bone at concentrations of 40%, 60%, and 80%. Second-degree burns were induced using a 2 mm iron plate heated to 60°C and applied for 30 seconds on the dorsal skin of the rats. The test preparations were applied topically twice daily for 14 days; erythema score and wound morphology were recorded daily. This was a true experimental study using a pretest-posttest control group design, analyzed using one-way ANOVA and the LSD post-hoc test. Results: One-way ANOVA showed no significant difference in erythema score among the five groups on day 14 (F(4,20) = 0.529; p = 0.716), and the LSD post-hoc test found no significant difference between any pair of groups. Nevertheless, macroscopic observation showed that the 80% concentration group (K3) exhibited earlier scar tissue resolution and epithelial regeneration by day 14 than the 40% and 60% groups. Conclusion: Ethanol extract of skipjack bone showed an indicative effect on the macroscopic appearance of burn wound healing, but did not significantly alter erythema score at the sample size used in this study (n = 5 per group). The 80% concentration showed the most pronounced descriptive trend and warrants further testing with a larger sample size and histopathological examination.
Peppermint oil inhalation reduces ARI (Acute Respiratory Infection) symptoms in toddler Mei Lia Nindya Zulis Windyarti; Dyah Ayu Wulandari; Khesva Aheni Kristiani; Siti Nur Umariyah Febriyanti
Journal of Biomedical Sciences and Health Vol. 2 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Karya Husada Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.34310/jbsh.v2.i1.195

Abstract

Background: Acute respiratory infection (ARI) is a common upper respiratory illness among toddlers, typically starting with fever, cough, nasal congestion, and sore throat, and it can progress to bronchitis, sinusitis, laryngitis, or pneumonia when poorly managed. Aim: This study aimed to examine the effect of peppermint oil inhalation on ARI symptoms in toddlers. Methods: This quantitative study used a one-group pretest-posttest quasi-experimental design without a control group, involving 16 toddlers aged 4 years with non-pneumonia ARI in the working area of Puskesmas Kedungmundu, Semarang. The independent variable was peppermint oil inhalation (3 drops on a dry tissue, twice daily for 5 minutes, over seven consecutive days), while the dependent variable was an ARI symptom score covering four components, cough, nasal congestion, mucus production, and discomfort, rated on a 0-4 scale using an observation sheet. Data were analysed with the Wilcoxon signed-rank test after Shapiro-Wilk testing indicated a non-normal distribution. Results: Symptom scores fell from a pretest median of 2.00 (range 1-4) to a posttest median of 1.00 (range 0-2), a statistically significant reduction (p<0.001); 15 of 16 respondents (93.8%) improved. Conclusion: Peppermint oil inhalation was associated with a reduction in ARI symptoms among 4-year-old toddlers, although the absence of a control group limits causal interpretation and calls for confirmation in more rigorous trial designs.
Harnessing the potential of astaxanthin from Haematococcus pluvialis in biomedical science: a narrative review Fitra Adi Prayogo; Mellyaning Oktavia Sonya Kirana Sari; Ni Nyoman Maryaningtyas Adinatha
Journal of Biomedical Sciences and Health Vol. 2 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Karya Husada Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.34310/jbsh.v2.i1.196

Abstract

Background: Astaxanthin is a high-value carotenoid with various applications, one of which is in biomedical science. Haematococcus pluvialis is considered the most promising source of natural astaxanthin as it can accumulate up to 5% of its dry weight under stressful conditions. Aim: This narrative review aims to provide a comprehensive synthesis of the biological properties, cultivation challenges, and therapeutic applications of astaxanthin from H. pluvialis in biomedical science. Methods: Articles were collected through searches of the PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar databases using combinations of the keywords “astaxanthin,” “Haematococcus pluvialis,” “biomedical,” “cultivation,” and “therapeutic,” prioritising articles published between 2014 and 2024; relevant sources were selected narratively without a formal systematic review protocol. Results: Astaxanthin exhibits neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, and cardioprotective effects underpinned by its unique molecular structure and amphiphilic nature. Nevertheless, low bioavailability, high production costs, and the slow growth rate of H. pluvialis remain major obstacles to its clinical translation. Conclusion: Astaxanthin from H. pluvialis represents a multifunctional agent with significant clinical potential, warranting further studies to optimise its bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy.
Comparative methods of soxhletation and boiling for the isolation of caffeine from tea leaves Muhammad Badrul Huda; Fitra Adi Prayogo
Journal of Biomedical Sciences and Health Vol. 2 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Karya Husada Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.34310/jbsh.v2.i1.199

Abstract

Background: Tea (Camellia sinensis) contains caffeine that is widely used in the beverage, food, and pharmaceutical industries, making the selection of an appropriate isolation method essential for obtaining caffeine with optimal yield and purity. Aim: This study aimed to isolate and purify caffeine from tea leaves using two extraction methods, soxhletation and boiling, and to compare the yield and purity of caffeine produced by each method. Methods: Caffeine was extracted through two pathways: soxhletation with an ethanol-water solvent (70:30 v/v) for 6 hours and boiling with distilled water for 90 minutes, followed by chloroform solvent extraction for the boiling filtrate, then crystallization and recrystallization. Purity was assessed by how closely the melting point of the crystals matched the literature value for pure caffeine. Results: The boiling method produced a yield of 0.38% with a melting point of 235°C, close to the literature value (234–236°C), while the soxhletation method produced a yield of 0.008% with a melting point of 210°C. Crystals from the boiling method were white-green, whereas those from soxhletation were orange-brown. Conclusion: The boiling method proved superior to soxhletation in both yield and purity of the caffeine obtained, making it the more suitable choice for caffeine isolation from tea leaves under the conditions of this study.
The effect of infant massage on weight gain and length growth in infant Putri Rahma Dini; Ardhita Listya Fitriani; Erlina Marta Da Conceicao Cabral
Journal of Biomedical Sciences and Health Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Karya Husada Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.34310/jbsh.v2.i2.229

Abstract

Background: The growth of toddlers is greatly influenced by the development that occurs during infancy. Suboptimal increases in weight and length during this period can affect growth and development in later stages. Aim: This study aims to evaluate the effect of infant massage on the increase in infants’ weight and length. Method: This study used a quantitative pre-experimental design with a One Group Pretest-Posttest Design. The population consisted of all infants aged 6-7 months, totaling 20 individuals, and the sample was drawn using total sampling. Data were analyzed using a paired t-test for weight and a Wilcoxon test for length. Results: Before the massage intervention, the average body weight of the infants was 7,457.5 grams and the average body length was 65.4 cm. After the intervention, the average body weight increased to 7,875 grams and the average body length increased to 69.15 cm. Infant massage had a significant effect on the increase in body weight (p=0.000) and body length (p=0.000). Conclusion: Infant massage significantly increases body weight and body length in infants aged 6-7 months. Health centers, hospitals, and clinics are recommended to develop educational programs on the benefits of infant massage, including training on proper massage techniques.
Characterization of Skipjack Tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis) Bone Collagen Extracted Using Ethanol as a Solvent Wa Melati; Miladiarsi; Juniati binti Lukman
Journal of Biomedical Sciences and Health Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Karya Husada Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.34310/jbsh.v2.i2.230

Abstract

Background: Skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis) bone, an abundant fishery byproduct in Indonesia, contains protein and collagen with potential as an alternative collagen source for pharmaceutical and cosmetic use. Ethanol extraction is comparatively simple and more environmentally friendly than acid- or enzyme-based methods. Objective: This study aimed to determine the yield and physicochemical characteristics of collagen extracted from skipjack tuna bone using ethanol. Methods: Bone powder was macerated in 95% ethanol (1:10) for 72 hours, with solvent replacement every 24 hours, followed by concentration using a rotary evaporator. Yield, moisture, and ash content were determined gravimetrically; functional groups were identified by FTIR; protein content was measured by the Lowry method using a BSA standard curve. Results: Extraction yield was 9.76%, moisture content 1.01%, and ash content 0.036% — all within the gelatin quality reference SNI 8076:2014 (maximum moisture 16%; maximum ash 3.25%), used as a benchmark given the absence of a dedicated fish-bone collagen standard. FTIR spectra showed absorption bands for NH (3458.37, 3010.88 cm⁻¹), CH (2854.65, 2226.01 cm⁻¹), C=O (1743.65 cm⁻¹), and C-N (1462.04 cm⁻¹) groups, consistent with collagen structure and indicating the product had not been denatured into gelatin. The BSA standard curve showed a low coefficient of determination (R² = 0.518), so the sample's protein content could not be reliably determined from this curve. Conclusion: Ethanol extraction of skipjack tuna bone yielded a physicochemical profile meeting the available gelatin quality reference, with FTIR groups consistent with collagen structure. Protein quantification requires an improved calibration curve in future work.
Characterization of Collagen from Skipjack Tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis) Bone Using Sodium Hydroxide-Assisted Hydrolysis Nur Aini Abdul Rahman; Wahdaniar; Nur Insani Amir
Journal of Biomedical Sciences and Health Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Karya Husada Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.34310/jbsh.v2.i2.231

Abstract

Background. Collagen is the main structural protein in vertebrate connective tissue, comprising 25–30% of total animal protein. Skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis) bone is a promising alternative collagen source, available in large quantities as a fishery by-product in Indonesia. Objective. This study determined the extraction yield and characterized the collagen extract obtained from skipjack tuna bone via maceration with 5% sodium hydroxide (NaOH). Methods. Bone was macerated in 5% NaOH for three days, neutralized with 10% HCl to pH 7, and concentrated using a rotary evaporator. Characterization included yield, organoleptic properties, moisture, ash content, functional groups by FTIR, and protein content by the Lowry method with a BSA calibration curve. Results. Extraction yield was 29.85%, considerably higher than acid-based extraction of related tuna species (1.42–21.05%), indicating co-extraction of non-collagenous compounds by NaOH. Moisture (4.03%) and ash (0.18%) met the SNI 8076:2014 threshold. FTIR showed absorption peaks at 3450.65 cm⁻¹ (amide A), 2926.01 cm⁻¹ (amide B), and 1637.56 cm⁻¹ (amide I); the peak at 1408.04 cm⁻¹ fell outside the standard amide II range (1517–1560 cm⁻¹) and is more appropriately identified as a carboxylate vibration. The Lowry calibration curve yielded a protein concentration of 228.8 ppm and a protein content of 91.4%, meeting the SNI minimum standard (>75%). Conclusion. Skipjack tuna bone is a promising collagen source with proximate characteristics meeting national standards, though confirming collagen identity requires further analysis, including hydroxyproline content and SDS-PAGE profiling.

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