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Journal of Biomedical Sciences and Health
Published by Universitas Karya Husada Semarang
ISSN : 30626854     EISSN : 30477182     DOI : https://doi.org/10.34310/
Core Subject : Health, Science,
Immunology & microbiology Medicine & Pharmacology Neuroscience Nursing Public Health
The Journal of Biomedical Sciences and Health (JBSH) accepts manuscripts in basic sciences and applied clinical research. It covers various fields of biomedical sciences, but is not limited to Medical sciences. Our journal accepts and publishes original articles and review articles that significantly contribute to the understanding of biomedical sciences and health. The Journal of Biomedical Sciences and Health is published biannually in the months of February and August. This journal is available for download to anyone, including students, researchers, and lecturers. Authors are not charged for publication in JBSH. JBSH is a journal that disseminates, discusses, and presents scientific literature to support other communities on health developments, thereby increasing the knowledge of scientists and health workers and ultimately improving the health of the global population. JBSH covers a wide range of topics, including: 1. Biomedical Sciences: Molecular biology, microbiology, anatomy, physiology, biochemistry, etc. 2. Health: Medicine, Nursing, Obstetrics, Public Health, Pharmacy, Radiology, Administration of Community Health Centers, Hospitals, and Health Services, Health analyst. Journal of Biomedical Sciences and Health (JBSH) is published by Program Studi Ilmu Biomedis Fakultas Ilmu Keperawatan dan Kesehatan Universitas Karya Husada Semarang. JBSH is expected to increase its visibility through scientific studies and research findings accessible to academic circles and researchers.
Arjuna Subject : Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler - Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler (Lain-Lain)
Articles 40 Documents
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Feasibility and Preliminary Effects of a Structured Walking Intervention on Body Composition Among Biomedical Science Students: A Pilot Study Poppy Fransisca Amelia; Fitra Adi Prayogo
Journal of Biomedical Sciences and Health Vol. 3 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Karya Husada Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.34310/jbsh.v3.i1.303

Abstract

Background: Sedentary behavior among university students contributes to adverse changes in body composition and long-term metabolic risk. Walking represents a simple and accessible form of aerobic activity with potential health benefits. Objective: This pilot study aimed to evaluate the feasibility and explore preliminary trends in body composition changes following a four-week structured walking intervention among biomedical science students. Methods: A pilot quasi-experimental study with a one-group pretest–posttest design was conducted among three undergraduate biomedical science students. Participants performed 30 minutes of light-to-moderate intensity walking, 3–4 times per week, for four weeks. Body composition parameters—including body weight, body mass index (BMI), body fat percentage, muscle percentage, and visceral fat—were assessed using bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). Data were analyzed descriptively. Results: After four weeks, varied changes in body composition were observed across participants. One participant showed a tendency toward reduced fat percentage in the later weeks of intervention, while muscle percentage was generally maintained or slightly decreased. Body weight showed modest increases across all participants. No adverse events were reported, and all participants completed the protocol, indicating good feasibility. Conclusion: A structured walking program appeared feasible and was associated with preliminary trends in body composition among young adults, though the direction and magnitude of changes varied individually. The findings should be interpreted cautiously, given the very small sample size. Larger randomized controlled trials with longer follow-up and dietary monitoring are required to confirm these preliminary observations.
Differences in Sugar Concentration on Flavonoid Levels in Roselle Kombucha (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) As An Antioxidant Beverage Arifah Nurul Izza; Catur Retno Lestari; Umar Hidayat
Journal of Biomedical Sciences and Health Vol. 3 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Karya Husada Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.34310/jbsh.v3.i1.308

Abstract

Background: Kombucha is a fermented tea beverage produced using a symbiotic culture of bacteria and yeast (SCOBY). Sugar concentration plays an essential role in the fermentation process as it influences microbial metabolism and the formation of bioactive compounds. Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) is rich in flavonoids and anthocyanins, which act as natural antioxidants. Objective: This study aimed to determine the effect of different sugar concentrations on flavonoid levels in roselle kombucha. Methods: This was an experimental study using a completely randomized design (CRD) with one factor, namely sugar concentration: F1 (15%), F2 (25%), and F3 (35%). Fermentation was carried out with the addition of SCOBY for 14 days at room temperature. Flavonoid levels were analyzed using a spectrophotometric method with quercetin as the standard. Data were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test followed by the Mann-Whitney test. Results: The highest average flavonoid level was found in F1 (sugar concentration 15%) at 0.015690%, while the lowest was in F3 (sugar concentration 35%) at 0.011364%. The Kruskal-Wallis test showed a significant difference among treatments (p = 0.002, p < 0.05). The Mann-Whitney test confirmed that all pairwise comparisons between treatments were significantly different. Sugar concentration significantly affects flavonoid levels in roselle kombucha. Conclusion: The 15% sugar concentration produced the highest flavonoid content, suggesting that low sugar formulation is preferable to maintain bioactive compounds and enhance antioxidant potential. Therefore, roselle kombucha with lower sugar concentration can be developed as a functional beverage to prevent degenerative diseases related to oxidative stress.
Nursing care for post-caesarean mothers with ineffective breastfeeding through oxytocin massage combined with breastfeeding education and breast care Ika Priyatminingsih; Indah Wulaningsih
Journal of Biomedical Sciences and Health Vol. 3 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Karya Husada Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.34310/jbsh.v3.i2.354

Abstract

Background: Ineffective breastfeeding is common among post-caesarean mothers and may be associated with delayed milk flow, postoperative pain, difficulty with breastfeeding positioning and attachment, nipple problems, and limited maternal knowledge. Oxytocin massage is a supportive nursing intervention intended to promote maternal relaxation and support the milk-ejection reflex. Objective: This case study described nursing care for post-caesarean mothers with ineffective breastfeeding through oxytocin massage combined with breastfeeding education and breast care. Methods: A descriptive case study used a nursing-process approach comprising assessment, diagnosis, planning, implementation, and evaluation. Three primiparous post-caesarean mothers (aged 23–28 years) were selected by convenience sampling. Baseline assessment, three days of intervention, and final evaluation were conducted between 25 and 28 April 2026. Data were collected through interviews, observation, physical examination, and documentation, with breastfeeding status rated using the Indonesian Nursing Outcome Standards (SLKI). The intervention combined oxytocin massage with breastfeeding education, positioning and latch-on training, breast and nipple care, milk-expression education, and family support. Results: At baseline, all three mothers showed breastfeeding difficulties, including limited or absent milk flow, positioning and latch difficulties, and nipple problems. After three days, all three improved on selected indicators, including attachment, positioning, milk flow, maternal confidence, and sucking. Shared SLKI scores rose from 2 to 4, against a target of 5. Conclusion: Oxytocin massage combined with breastfeeding education and breast care was followed by improvement in selected indicators over three days. As a descriptive case study, it cannot establish intervention efficacy or effects on exclusive breastfeeding. Controlled studies are needed to test its independent effectiveness.
Boiled egg supplementation as an adjunct to iron–folic acid therapy for hemoglobin improvement in pregnant women with mild anemia: a randomized controlled study Heni Wijayanti; Poppy Fransisca Amelia
Journal of Biomedical Sciences and Health Vol. 3 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Karya Husada Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.34310/jbsh.v3.i2.356

Abstract

Background. Anemia in pregnancy is a common public-health problem, and iron deficiency is its leading cause. Standard care in Indonesia is daily iron–folic acid (IFA) supplementation, but hemoglobin recovery is often incomplete, and the added value of iron-rich animal-source foods over IFA alone has rarely been quantified with a control group. Objective. To measure the additional effect of two boiled chicken eggs per day, given together with standard IFA supplementation, on hemoglobin levels in pregnant women with mild anemia, compared with IFA supplementation alone. Methods. A randomized controlled quasi-experimental study and weekly repeated measurements were conducted over 21 days in Sewaka Village, Pemalang District, Central Java, Indonesia. From a source population of 65 pregnant women with mild anemia at 29–36 weeks of gestation, 34 were enrolled by purposive sampling and randomly allocated to two groups of 17. The intervention group received two boiled eggs (~100 g) daily plus IFA (60 mg elemental iron and 400 μg folic acid); the control group received the same IFA regimen without eggs. Capillary hemoglobin was measured with an Easy Touch GCHb analyzer at days 0, 7, 14, and 21. The primary analysis was the between-group difference in hemoglobin change from baseline to day 21, tested with an independent-samples t-test. Results. Baseline hemoglobin was comparable between groups (intervention 9.70 ± 0.40 g/dL; control 9.69 ± 0.41 g/dL). By day 21, hemoglobin reached 12.00 ± 0.45 g/dL in the intervention group and 11.50 ± 0.46 g/dL in the control group. Both groups improved significantly from baseline (both p < 0.001): +2.30 g/dL (95% CI 2.13 to 2.47) in the intervention group and +1.81 g/dL (95% CI 1.52 to 2.10) in the control group. The between-group difference in hemoglobin change was 0.49 g/dL (95% CI 0.17 to 0.81; t(32) = 3.10; p = 0.004; Cohen's d = 1.06), favoring egg supplementation. The gap between groups widened progressively (0.10, 0.30, and 0.50 g/dL at days 7, 14, and 21). Conclusion. Adding two boiled eggs daily to standard iron–folic acid supplementation produced a significantly larger hemoglobin increase than supplementation alone over 21 days, with a large effect size. Boiled eggs are an inexpensive, locally available food that can support anemia management in pregnancy alongside routine supplementation.
Oral microbiome signatures for gestational diabetes detection and prediction: a systematic review and evidence map Fitra Adi Prayogo; Mellyaning Oktaviani Sonya Kirana Sari
Journal of Biomedical Sciences and Health Vol. 3 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Karya Husada Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.34310/jbsh.v3.i2.357

Abstract

Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) shares inflammatory and microbial pathways with periodontal disease. Whether the maternal oral microbiome could support GDM detection or prediction has not been comprehensively mapped. Methods: A systematic review followed PRISMA 2020 guidance across web-based, PubMed/PMC-indexed, and publisher sources plus citation chasing and a free-database supplementary search (ten primary search iterations plus two database-equivalent saturation checks, last updated 30 June 2026). Eligible studies compared pregnant women with and without GDM using a direct oral microbial measurement. Risk of bias was assessed using QUADAS-2, PROBAST, or Newcastle-Ottawa Scale/JBI tools according to design. Results: Of 36 records identified, 14 studies (2008-2026, six countries) met the inclusion criteria. Six used community-level 16S rRNA sequencing, seven used targeted pathogen quantification, and one combined cohort profiling with mechanistic and interventional components. Only two studies reported a discrimination model (area under the curve up to 0.89), and only two sampled the oral cavity before diagnosis; the remaining twelve measured it at or after diagnosis or within indeterminate timing windows. Most studies carried unclear or high risk of bias, particularly because confounder adjustment (including pre-pregnancy body mass index, confirmed in one open-access cohort to abolish most raw associations) and temporality were inadequately reported or methodologically problematic. Conclusion: Maternal oral dysbiosis is repeatedly but heterogeneously associated with GDM, and the evidence for using it as a detection or prediction tool remains preliminary, heterogeneous, and dominated by cross-sectional, post-diagnosis designs. Prospective, confounder-adjusted studies with externally validated prediction models are needed before clinical translation.
Acid-catalyzed isomerization of maleic acid to fumaric acid: synthesis and characterization of a biomedically relevant dicarboxylic acid Muhammad Badrul Huda; Fitra Adi Prayogo
Journal of Biomedical Sciences and Health Vol. 3 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Karya Husada Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.34310/jbsh.v3.i2.358

Abstract

Background: Fumaric acid (trans-butenedioic acid) is the thermodynamically stable geometric isomer of maleic acid (cis-butenedioic acid). It serves as the parent compound of dimethyl fumarate (DMF), an FDA-approved immunomodulatory agent used for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis and moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis. Laboratory-scale synthesis of fumaric acid from maleic acid via acid-catalyzed isomerization provides a practical route for studying the physicochemical properties of this compound. Objective: This study aimed to synthesize fumaric acid through hydrochloric acid (HCl)-catalyzed isomerization of maleic acid under reflux conditions and to characterize the products by melting point determination and gravimetric yield analysis. Methods: Maleic anhydride (2 g) was hydrated in boiling distilled water (5 mL) to produce maleic acid, which was crystallized by cooling. The filtrate containing dissolved maleic acid was treated with concentrated HCl (2 mL) and refluxed for 15 minutes. Fumaric acid was isolated by ice-bath crystallization and gravity filtration. Both products were characterized by gravimetric yield and melting point analysis. Results: Maleic acid was obtained with a yield of 25.39% (0.6011 g) and a melting point of 139°C, consistent with the literature range (130-139°C). Fumaric acid was obtained with a yield of 34.64% (0.6119 g) and a melting point of 280°C, slightly below the reported literature range (286-302°C), suggesting the presence of minor impurities. Conclusion: The HCl-catalyzed reflux method converted maleic acid to fumaric acid through an addition-rotation-elimination mechanism. The higher melting point of fumaric acid reflects its greater molecular symmetry and stronger intermolecular interactions in the crystal lattice.
Association of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol with admission troponin I status in coronary heart disease: a cross-sectional study Erra Aulia Ramadhani; Dina Afrianti; Wahyudi Wahyudi
Journal of Biomedical Sciences and Health Vol. 3 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Karya Husada Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.34310/jbsh.v3.i2.360

Abstract

Background: Coronary heart disease involves chronic lipid burden and acute inflammation; troponin I is central to diagnosing myocardial injury. Objective: This study evaluated whether the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol differed by admission troponin I status and characterized each marker's discrimination for this threshold. Methods: This cross-sectional study used de-identified data from 38 coronary heart disease patients at a tertiary hospital in Central Java, Indonesia (January-December 2025). The first admission troponin I value was classified as below (<50 ng/L) or at/above (≥50 ng/L) the hospital's clinical decision threshold for a conventional troponin I assay. NLR and LDL were compared between groups, with separate ROC analyses. Results: Mean NLR was higher in the at/above-threshold group than the below-threshold group (4.21 ± 1.10 vs 2.28 ± 0.67; p < 0.001), whereas mean LDL did not differ significantly (103.47 ± 32.69 vs 106.32 ± 32.79 mg/dL; p = 0.791). NLR showed within-sample discrimination for at/above-threshold troponin I (AUC 0.798, 95% CI 0.640-0.955; p = 0.002); an exploratory, data-derived threshold of ≥2.92 yielded 84.2% sensitivity and 89.5% specificity. LDL showed no discrimination beyond chance (AUC 0.478, 95% CI 0.290-0.665; p = 0.815). Conclusion: NLR was higher at/above the local decision threshold and showed fair within-sample discrimination, whereas LDL did not. Because ROC curves were not formally compared and the NLR threshold was derived in the same cohort, these findings are exploratory. NLR warrants validation as a potential adjunctive inflammatory marker but should not replace or delay guideline-recommended troponin testing.
Sugar-to-stevia substitution in strawberry jam (Fragaria × ananassa): effects on anthocyanin retention and sensory acceptability Athifah Ari Nahdah; Catur Retno Lestari; Chairunisa Nur Rarastiti
Journal of Biomedical Sciences and Health Vol. 3 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Karya Husada Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.34310/jbsh.v3.i2.361

Abstract

Background. Strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) is a rich dietary source of anthocyanins—red-purple flavonoid pigments with antioxidant activity—but its high perishability means it is most often preserved as jam, a product that conventionally carries a heavy sucrose load. Replacing sucrose with the non-nutritive glycoside sweetener stevia (Stevia rebaudiana) could lower the sugar burden, yet its impact on both consumer acceptance and pigment retention in strawberry jam has not been characterised together in a single product. Objective. To quantify the effect of graded sugar-to-stevia substitution on (i) the sensory acceptability and (ii) the total anthocyanin content of strawberry jam. Methods. Five formulations were prepared: a sucrose control (F0) and four formulations substituting 1, 3, 5, and 7 g stevia per 100 g strawberry (F1–F4). Anthocyanin content was measured by the pH-differential method (UV-Vis spectrophotometry; cyanidin-3-glucoside equivalents) under a one-factor completely randomised design with three replicates per formulation. Acceptability of colour, aroma, taste, and texture was rated by 30 untrained panellists on a five-point hedonic scale in a within-subject design. Anthocyanin data were analysed by one-way ANOVA with Tukey HSD post-hoc tests after verifying normality (Shapiro-Wilk) and variance homogeneity (Levene); hedonic data were analysed by the Kruskal-Wallis test. Results. Anthocyanin content differed markedly across formulations (one-way ANOVA F(4,10) = 86.25, p < 0.001, η² = 0.97). It was highest in the sucrose control F0 (66.93 ± 2.22 mg L⁻¹) and lowest in F3 (45.57 ± 0.89 mg L⁻¹), a 31.9% reduction, but rose again in F4 (52.71 ± 1.84 mg L⁻¹) despite its higher stevia dose, revealing a non-monotonic dose–response. Hedonic ratings differed significantly for every attribute (Kruskal-Wallis: taste H = 23.08, p < 0.001; colour H = 17.80, p = 0.001; texture H = 16.87, p = 0.002; aroma H = 12.68, p = 0.013), with acceptance declining as the stevia dose increased and F0 preferred throughout. Conclusion. Sugar-to-stevia substitution exerted a significant, formulation-dependent rather than strictly dose-dependent effect on both anthocyanin retention and sensory acceptability of strawberry jam. Moderate substitution offers the most workable compromise between sugar reduction and product quality, but a genuine “low-sugar” label claim would require direct sugar-composition analysis, which was outside the present scope.
Aquatic Plant-Based Constructed Wetlands for Antibiotic Resistance Mitigation in Wastewater: Mechanisms and One Health Implications Mellyaning Oktaviani Sonya Kirana Sari
Journal of Biomedical Sciences and Health Vol. 3 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Karya Husada Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.34310/jbsh.v3.i2.363

Abstract

Background: Antibiotic resistance is increasingly driven by the release of antibiotic residues, antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB), and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) through wastewater. Aquatic plant-based constructed wetlands (CWs) are low-cost, nature-based treatment systems with potential to mitigate these contaminants. Objective: This narrative review evaluates the mechanisms of antibiotic, ARB, and ARG removal in planted CWs, the influence of macrophytes, substrates, and hydraulic design, and their relevance within a One Health framework. Methods: A structured search of PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science was conducted for peer-reviewed English-language literature published from January 2014 to April 2026, supplemented by reference screening. Selected World Health Organization documents were used for policy context. No formal PRISMA process or study-level risk-of-bias assessment was undertaken. Results: Reported removal efficiencies ranged from below 30% to over 99%, depending on target contaminants, substrate, system configuration, and operating conditions. Key mechanisms included rhizosphere biodegradation, substrate adsorption, biofilm activity, plant uptake, photodegradation, and physical filtration. Reactive media such as zeolite and biochar often improved removal for selected targets, whereas evidence regarding hydraulic retention time was inconsistent. Persistence or enrichment of some ARG subtypes within substrate and biofilm compartments indicates that CWs do not consistently function as unconditional resistance sinks. Conclusion: Planted CWs are promising components of wastewater treatment for AMR mitigation, but performance remains heterogeneous. Standardized monitoring, long-term field studies, biofilm resistome characterization, hybrid treatment evaluation, and stronger One Health integration are needed.
Formulation and characterization of gotu kola (Centella asiatica) and cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum)-enriched white bread: organoleptic properties and qualitative triterpenoid screening Lisa Istarofah; Umar Hidayat; Chairunisa Nur Rarastiti
Journal of Biomedical Sciences and Health Vol. 3 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Karya Husada Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.34310/jbsh.v3.i2.368

Abstract

Background: Elevated blood pressure and stage 1 hypertension, as classified by the 2017 ACC/AHA guideline, increase cardiovascular risk substantially. Non-pharmacological dietary interventions incorporating bioactive plant-derived compounds into staple foods represent a promising preventive strategy. Methods: A completely randomized design with four treatment groups (F0, F1, F2, F3) and three replications per group was employed. White bread was formulated with gotu kola (Centella asiatica) leaf powder and cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum) bark powder at varying proportions: F0 (0%:0%), F1 (10%:20%), F2 (20%:10%), and F3 (15%:15%). Organoleptic evaluation was conducted by 25 semi-trained panelists using a two-point hedonic scale. Data were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis H test with Dunn’s post hoc comparison. Triterpenoid content was identified through qualitative phytochemical screening. Results: The Kruskal-Wallis test revealed statistically significant differences among formulations for all four sensory attributes: taste (H(3) = 29.28, p < 0.001), texture (H(3) = 19.51, p < 0.001), aroma (H(3) = 15.80, p = 0.001), and color (H(3) = 11.68, p = 0.009). Post-hoc analysis indicated that the control (F0) was significantly preferred over all treatment formulations across most attributes. Among treatment formulations, F2 demonstrated the highest taste acceptance (52%). Qualitative phytochemical analysis confirmed the presence of triterpenoid compounds exclusively in F2. Conclusion: The F2 formulation (20% gotu kola, 10% cinnamon) was identified as the preferred formulation based on combined sensory performance and qualitative triterpenoid detection. Further quantitative analysis, bioavailability assessment, and controlled clinical investigation are warranted before functional health claims can be established.

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