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Journal of Biomedical Sciences and Health
Published by Universitas Karya Husada Semarang
ISSN : 30626854     EISSN : 30477182     DOI : https://doi.org/10.34310/
Core Subject : Health, Science,
Immunology & microbiology Medicine & Pharmacology Neuroscience Nursing Public Health
The Journal of Biomedical Sciences and Health (JBSH) accepts manuscripts in basic sciences and applied clinical research. It covers various fields of biomedical sciences, but is not limited to Medical sciences. Our journal accepts and publishes original articles and review articles that significantly contribute to the understanding of biomedical sciences and health. The Journal of Biomedical Sciences and Health is published biannually in the months of February and August. This journal is available for download to anyone, including students, researchers, and lecturers. Authors are not charged for publication in JBSH. JBSH is a journal that disseminates, discusses, and presents scientific literature to support other communities on health developments, thereby increasing the knowledge of scientists and health workers and ultimately improving the health of the global population. JBSH covers a wide range of topics, including: 1. Biomedical Sciences: Molecular biology, microbiology, anatomy, physiology, biochemistry, etc. 2. Health: Medicine, Nursing, Obstetrics, Public Health, Pharmacy, Radiology, Administration of Community Health Centers, Hospitals, and Health Services, Health analyst. Journal of Biomedical Sciences and Health (JBSH) is published by Program Studi Ilmu Biomedis Fakultas Ilmu Keperawatan dan Kesehatan Universitas Karya Husada Semarang. JBSH is expected to increase its visibility through scientific studies and research findings accessible to academic circles and researchers.
Arjuna Subject : Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler - Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler (Lain-Lain)
Articles 40 Documents
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Characterization of Lactic Acid Bacteria from Chao Pangkep Food Fermentation Products Iswan Ardeni; Ade Irma; Juniati binti Lukman
Journal of Biomedical Sciences and Health Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Karya Husada Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.34310/jbsh.v2.i2.235

Abstract

Background: Chao is a traditional fermented product from Pangkep Regency, South Sulawesi, made from a mixture of fish, rice, and salt. This fermentation process produces a population of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) that contributes to preservation, flavor formation, and potential probiotic activity, yet the phenotypic characteristics of LAB from Chao Pangkep have not been widely studied. Objective: This study aimed to isolate and characterize LAB from Chao Pangkep based on colony morphology, cell morphology, Gram staining, and biochemical and physiological tests. Methods: LAB were isolated from Chao samples using a serial dilution method on MRS agar containing 0.5% CaCO3, followed by incubation at 37°C for 48 hours. Pure isolates were characterized through colony and cell morphology observation, Gram staining, and catalase, TSIA, citrate, motility, indole, methyl red, Voges-Proskauer, and acid-tolerance tests. Data were analyzed descriptively without inferential statistics, consistent with the exploratory design. Results: Sixteen isolates with uniform colony morphology (round, white, entire margin, convex elevation, small size) were obtained. Nine isolates (56.2%) were Gram-positive and 14 isolates (87.5%) were catalase-negative, both typical LAB traits. All isolates fermented glucose (100%), while lactose and sucrose were each fermented by 6 isolates (37.5%). Five isolates (31.2%) tolerated acidic conditions and 7 isolates (43.8%) gave a positive methyl red result. Conclusion: Chao Pangkep is a source of local LAB with a diverse phenotypic and biochemical profile. Some isolates showed trait combinations consistent with the genus Lactobacillus, although definitive species identification requires molecular confirmation in future research.
Detection of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in lactic acid bacterial isolates from Chao Pangkep fermentation products Ririn Irfayanti Zaenab; Ade Irma; Miladiarsi
Journal of Biomedical Sciences and Health Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Karya Husada Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.34310/jbsh.v2.i2.236

Abstract

Background: Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB), classified as Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS) microorganisms, produce functional compounds such as Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA), a non-protein amino acid acting as the principal inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system and possessing antioxidant activity. Chao, a traditional fermented fish product from Pangkep, South Sulawesi, is a promising yet underexplored source of GABA-producing LAB. Objective: This study aimed to identify the ability of LAB isolated from Chao Pangkep to produce GABA as an antioxidant compound. Methods: LAB isolates C2 and C10 were rejuvenated, screened for hemolytic activity, cultivated in de Man Rogosa Sharpe Broth (MRSB) with and without 1% Monosodium Glutamate (MSG), extracted with ethyl acetate, and detected by Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) using Pregabalin as the reference standard. Antioxidant activity was assessed by the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay based on IC50 values. Results: Retention factor (Rf) values were 0.82 (C2 without MSG), 0.84 (C2 with MSG), 0.80 and 0.64 (C10 without MSG), and 0.86 and 0.68 (C10 with MSG), all close to the standard Rf of 0.88. IC50 values were 940.11, 1124.97, 884.73, and 939.17 ppm for C2 without MSG, C2 with MSG, C10 without MSG, and C10 with MSG, respectively, with coefficients of determination (R²) ranging 0.9916–0.9960. Conclusion: LAB isolates C2 and C10 from Chao Pangkep produced GABA, though their antioxidant activity was low, as IC50 values far exceeded the weak-activity threshold. These findings offer a preliminary basis for optimizing GABA production by LAB from local fermented products toward developing functional probiotics or supplements.  
In Vitro Antibacterial Activity Test of Skipjack Tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis) Bone Extract Against Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Burn Wound Infection Arista; Miladiarsi; Wahdaniar
Journal of Biomedical Sciences and Health Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Karya Husada Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.34310/jbsh.v2.i2.237

Abstract

Background: Skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis) bone, an abundant fishery byproduct in Indonesian waters, contains bioactive compounds such as collagen, hydroxyapatite, and antimicrobial peptides with potential antibacterial properties. Staphylococcus aureus is a leading cause of burn wound infection that is difficult to treat due to its biofilm-forming capacity, making natural antibacterial sources from fishery waste a relevant research direction. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the in vitro antibacterial activity of skipjack tuna bone extract against S. aureus isolated from burn wound infection. Methods: Skipjack tuna bone was extracted by maceration using 70% ethanol. Antibacterial activity was tested using the disk diffusion method at extract concentrations of 20%, 40%, 60%, and 80%, with distilled water as the negative control, 70% ethanol as the solvent control, and ciprofloxacin as the positive control. Inhibition zone diameters were measured after 24 hours of incubation at 37°C. Results: Inhibition zone diameter increased with rising extract concentration, from 2.7 mm (20%) to 5.4 mm (80%). Ciprofloxacin produced a 40.1 mm inhibition zone (very strong category), ethanol produced 4.95 mm (weak category), while distilled water showed no inhibition. Based on antibacterial activity classification, extract concentrations of 20–60% were categorized as weak and 80% as moderate. Conclusion: Skipjack tuna bone extract exhibited antibacterial activity against S. aureus with a consistent increasing pattern relative to concentration, although its activity remained weak to moderate compared with ciprofloxacin. Further studies with replication and statistical analysis are needed to confirm this dose-response relationship quantitatively.  
Enhanced Survival of Lactobacillus Lg71 from Mangrove Sediment Under Simulated Gastric and Intestinal Conditions Dyah Fitri Kusharyati; Taruna Dwi Satwika; Rizal Khoirun Alfisah; Afifah Mariana; Anwar Rovik; Oedjijono Oedjijono
Journal of Biomedical Sciences and Health Vol. 3 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Karya Husada Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.34310/jbsh.v3.i1.291

Abstract

Background: For a probiotic to offer health benefits, it must stay viable through the tough environment of the human gastrointestinal tract. This study assesses the effectiveness of sodium alginate encapsulation in improving the survival of Lactobacillus LG71, a new strain from mangrove sediment, under simulated gastric and intestinal conditions. Objective: This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of sodium alginate encapsulation in enhancing the viability and survival of Lactobacillus LG71, a probiotic strain isolated from mangrove sediment, during cold storage and under simulated gastric and intestinal conditions. Methods: Lactobacillus LG71 was encapsulated in sodium alginate beads. The viability of both encapsulated and free (non-encapsulated) cells was assessed over a 4-week storage period at 4 °C and during sequential exposure to simulated gastric and intestinal environments. Results: Encapsulation significantly improved survival rates compared to free cells (p < 0.05). Although both groups experienced a decline during the first week of storage, encapsulated cells maintained a high viability of approximately 107 CFU/mL, losing only 2.51 log CFU/g over four weeks. Most notably, encapsulated Lactobacillus LG71 demonstrated greater resilience during digestion, retaining populations of 2.21 log CFU/mL in gastric simulations and 1.00 log CFU/mL in intestinal simulations. In contrast, free cells were much more vulnerable to these acidic and enzymatic conditions. Conclusion: Sodium alginate encapsulation effectively protects Lactobacillus LG71 from environmental and biological stressors. These findings indicate that encapsulation is a crucial step for the commercial application of mangrove-derived probiotics, ensuring that a viable dose of living cells reaches the host's lower gastrointestinal tract to promote health benefits.
The Relationship Between Gender and Students' Knowledge and Attitudes Towards Healthy Snack Selection in Semarang City Public Elementary Schools Isti Mulyawati; Nely Zulfa; Agus Sudrajat
Journal of Biomedical Sciences and Health Vol. 3 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Karya Husada Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.34310/jbsh.v3.i1.292

Abstract

Background: The habit of eating snacks at school is part of the diet of elementary school students who need attention related to their nutritional quality. Knowledge and attitude are often considered determining factors in  choosing  healthy  snacks.  Objective:  This  study aims  to  analyze the relationship  between gender  and  students'  knowledge  and  attitudes  towards  choosing  healthy snacks  at  Semarang  City  State  Elementary  School.  Methods:  Quantitative  study  with  cross- sectional design. The sample consisted of 74 students taken from 21 State Elementary Schools in Semarang  City  using  quota  sampling  techniques.  Data  was  collected  through  a structured questionnaire and  analyzed  using  Chi-Square statistical  tests.  Results:  The univariate  analysis showed that the majority of respondents were female (59.5%), had good knowledge (89.2%), and had good attitudes (41.9%). The results of the bivariate analysis showed no relationship between gender  and knowledge of  healthy snack  selection  (p  value=  1.00)  and  no  relationship between gender and attitudes towards healthy snack selection (p value = 0.196).  Conclusion: Gender is not  a  distinguishing  factor  in students'  knowledge and  attitudes  towards healthy snacks.  This suggests  that  school  health  interventions  should  focus  more  on  strengthening  the  physical environment and the availability of healthy snacks in schools, regardless of gender. 
The Bacteriocin Potential of Lactic Acid Bacteria from Cincalok as an Antibacterial Against Shigella and Salmonella Ineke Aprilia; Adhitya Naufal Pribadhi; Yustiana Arie Suwanto; Ratna Widyaningrum; Dian Rudy Yana; Nurul Ummi Rofiah
Journal of Biomedical Sciences and Health Vol. 3 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Karya Husada Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.34310/jbsh.v3.i1.304

Abstract

Background: Lactic Acid Bacteria are a group of bacteria that have the ability to produce antimicrobial compounds called bacteriocins. Antibacterial of lactic acid bacteria proved effective in inhibiting pathogenic bacteria that cause infection in humans such as Shigella sp and Salmonella sp. Lactic acid bacteria can be found in fermented foods, one of which is fermented food typical of West Kalimantan, namely cincalok Aim: This study was to determine the antibacterial potential of cincalok lactic acid bacteria against Shigella sp and Salmonella sp Methods: This study used a true experimental, with the research design using a post test only control group design with data analyzed using SPSS to evaluate inhibition zone differences among three treatment groups: bacteriocin from Weissella sp. at 24 hours, Weissella sp. at 48 hours, and antibiotics (positive control) Results: The results obtained in the bacteriocin test from Weissella showed that there were differences in the inhibition zones formed, in Shigella sp the average values of the inhibition zones formed were W24 (24.4 mm), W48 (13.2 mm) and Cotrimoxazole (42.2 mm). while in Salmonella sp the average value of the inhibition zone formed is W24 (24.2 mm), W48 (12.8 mm) and Chloramphenicol (45 mm). Conclusion: Bacteriocins from LAB cincalok have an antibacterial effect on the growth of Shigella sp and Salmonella sp bacteria.
Metagenomic Mining of Antimicrobial Compounds from Extreme Environments: A Systematic Review Fitra Adi Prayogo
Journal of Biomedical Sciences and Health Vol. 3 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Karya Husada Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.34310/jbsh.v3.i1.293

Abstract

Background: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a major global health crisis, necessitating novel drug discovery approaches. Extreme environments harbor unique microbial communities that produce specialized metabolites, yet systematic assessment of their biosynthetic potential through metagenomics remains lacking. Objective: To systematically review evidence on metagenomic mining strategies for discovering biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) with antimicrobial potential from extreme environments. Methods: Following PRISMA 2020 guidelines, PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar were searched through December 2025. The primary reviewer screened all 487 records; a blinded second reviewer independently verified a random 20% subset at each stage (κ = 0.79–0.85). Quality assessment used an adapted Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Fifteen studies met all inclusion criteria. Results: The 15 included studies identified over 14,000 BGCs (excluding the Paoli et al. [2022] global ocean dataset reported separately) across Antarctic/psychrophilic (5 studies), marine/deep-sea (4 studies), halophilic/hypersaline (2 studies), arid/desert environments (2 studies), and extreme soil communities (2 studies). Dominant BGC classes included terpenes, NRPS, RiPPs, and PKS. Studies employing long-read sequencing (Oxford Nanopore/PacBio) recovered substantially more complete BGCs compared with short-read approaches. Between 60–99% of detected BGCs across most environments lacked characterized homologs in the MIBiG database. Experimental validation of predicted antimicrobial activity was limited: only 2 studies (13.3%) confirmed direct antimicrobial or cytotoxic bioactivity through bioassays or compound isolation; 1 additional study (6.7%) provided indirect evidence of active BGC expression via metatranscriptomics; and the remaining 12 studies (80%) relied solely on in silico prediction. Conclusion: Extreme-environment metagenomics reveals remarkable biosynthetic diversity with substantial novelty. Long-read sequencing and updated bioinformatic platforms have significantly enhanced BGC detection. The critical gap between computational prediction and experimental validation of antimicrobial bioactivity remains the primary barrier to therapeutic translation.
Analysis of the Implementation of the "Gass Track Chemotherapy Program" As an Alternative Solution to Improve Oncology Services Sri Indah Ekowati; Enggar Purnaningsih
Journal of Biomedical Sciences and Health Vol. 3 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Karya Husada Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.34310/jbsh.v3.i1.296

Abstract

Background: Timeliness in chemotherapy scheduling is essential in oncology practice. In Dr. Kariadi Hospital, increasing patient volume led to long waiting lists and treatment delays averaging 7 days. To address this issue, an innovation called "Gass Track," adapted from the fast-track system, was developed to accelerate chemotherapy services. Objective: This study aimed to analyze the implementation of the Gass Track chemotherapy program as an alternative solution to improve service efficiency and timeliness in oncology care at Dr. Kariadi Hospital, Semarang, Indonesia. Methods: This pre-post observational study used retrospective secondary data from January 2023 to June 2024, conducted at the Oncology Installation of Dr. Kariadi Hospital, Semarang. Individual patient-level chemotherapy delay data were extracted from medical records. Data were analyzed to compare chemotherapy delay distributions, patient flow, and service throughput between the pre-implementation (January May 2023) and post-implementation (June 2023 June 2024) periods. Results: A total of 8,479 programmed chemotherapy patients were recorded. Of 6,273 post-implementation patients, 509 (8.1%) received care via Gass Track. The median chemotherapy delay decreased from 7 days (IQR: 6 8) pre-implementation to 4 days (IQR: 3 5) post-implementation. A Mann-Whitney U test on individual patient-level data confirmed the reduction was statistically significant (U = 12,988,890; p < 0.001; rank-biserial r = 0.877, indicating a large effect). Monthly chemotherapy throughput increased by approximately 9.4% (from 441.2 to 482.5 patients/month). Conclusion: Gass Track improved patient flow, reduced delays, and supported timeliness in oncology chemotherapy services without requiring additional resources.
Cytotoxic Activity of Chromolaena odorata Leaf Extract on WiDr Colon Cancer Cells Hairul Anam; Hijral Aswad; Ade Irma; Wahdaniar
Journal of Biomedical Sciences and Health Vol. 3 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Karya Husada Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.34310/jbsh.v3.i1.300

Abstract

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains the third most commonly diagnosed cancer and the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. In 2020, CRC accounted for approximately 1.9 million new cases and over 935,000 deaths globally. Conventional chemotherapy is frequently limited by systemic toxicity and drug resistance, necessitating the identification of novel plant-derived bioactive compounds. Chromolaena odorata (Asteraceae), a tropical medicinal plant, has demonstrated pharmacological properties including wound healing and anti-inflammatory activity; however, its antiproliferative potential against colorectal cancer cells remains insufficiently explored. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the cytotoxic and antiproliferative effects of C. odorata n-hexane leaf extract on WiDr human colorectal adenocarcinoma cells using an in vitro MTT assay. Methods: Dried leaves of C. odorata were extracted via n-hexane maceration. WiDr cells were cultured in DMEM supplemented with 10% FBS and antibiotics. Cells were treated with graded extract concentrations (62.5–1000 μg/mL) for 24 hours in triplicate. Cell viability was assessed by the MTT assay and the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) was determined via nonlinear regression analysis. Results: The extract exhibited concentration-dependent cytotoxicity against WiDr cells. The highest mean inhibition rate (94.3 ± 10.7%) was observed at 1000 μg/mL. The calculated IC₅₀ value was 149.09 ± 20.91 μg/mL, indicating moderate cytotoxic potency consistent with the National Cancer Institute (NCI) classification for biologically active crude extracts (IC₅₀ < 200 μg/mL). Conclusion: Chromolaena odorata n-hexane leaf extract demonstrates significant in vitro antiproliferative activity against WiDr colorectal cancer cells. The cytotoxic activity likely involves lipophilic bioactive compounds, including terpenoids. These findings support further bioassay-guided fractionation, mechanistic investigation, and in vivo validation as potential candidates for anticancer drug development.
Water Jasmine (Echinodorus palaefolius): A Phytoremediation Agent for Environmental Health Improvement and Landscape Enhancement Mellyaning Oktaviani Sonya Kirana Sari
Journal of Biomedical Sciences and Health Vol. 3 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Karya Husada Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.34310/jbsh.v3.i1.301

Abstract

Background: Heavy metal and organic pollution in water bodies necessitate sustainable, cost-effective remediation. Echinodorus palaefolius is a potential aquatic macrophyte that offers a nature-based solution by combining pollutant removal with aesthetic value. Objective: This review evaluates the dual-purpose efficacy of E. palaefolius in removing contaminants through constructed wetlands (CWs) and its integration into sustainable urban landscapes. Methods: The study synthesizes data on E. palaefolius performance in subsurface flow (SSF-CW) and free water surface (FWS-CW) systems. It analyzes physiological mechanisms, including rhizofiltration and phytoextraction, as well as the influence of substrates such as zeolite and charcoal on removal rates. Results: Findings indicate that E. palaefolius achieves over 90% removal efficiency for heavy metals such as mercury (Hg), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), and lead (Pb). The plant's extensive root system facilitates high bioconcentration, particularly for iron in stems and roots, without compromising metabolic functions. Furthermore, its ornamental features, broad leaves, and white inflorescences enhance the visual and ecological integrity of urban water features. Conclusion: E. palaefolius is a highly effective, multifunctional agent for water quality management. Its implementation as a tertiary treatment in industrial and urban settings provides an eco-friendly strategy for environmental health and landscape beautification.

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