cover
Article Per Year (5 Year)
All
Home Page
OAI Link
Editorial Team
Contact
Reviewer
Google Scholar
Contact Name
Fitra Adi Prayogo
Contact Email
fitraadi@unkaha.ac.id
Phone
+6283838535153
Journal Mail Official
jbsh@unkaha.ac.id
Editorial Address
-
Location
Kota semarang,
Jawa tengah
INDONESIA
Journal of Biomedical Sciences and Health
Published by Universitas Karya Husada Semarang
ISSN : 30626854     EISSN : 30477182     DOI : https://doi.org/10.34310/
Core Subject : Health, Science,
Immunology & microbiology Medicine & Pharmacology Neuroscience Nursing Public Health
The Journal of Biomedical Sciences and Health (JBSH) accepts manuscripts in basic sciences and applied clinical research. It covers various fields of biomedical sciences, but is not limited to Medical sciences. Our journal accepts and publishes original articles and review articles that significantly contribute to the understanding of biomedical sciences and health. The Journal of Biomedical Sciences and Health is published biannually in the months of February and August. This journal is available for download to anyone, including students, researchers, and lecturers. Authors are not charged for publication in JBSH. JBSH is a journal that disseminates, discusses, and presents scientific literature to support other communities on health developments, thereby increasing the knowledge of scientists and health workers and ultimately improving the health of the global population. JBSH covers a wide range of topics, including: 1. Biomedical Sciences: Molecular biology, microbiology, anatomy, physiology, biochemistry, etc. 2. Health: Medicine, Nursing, Obstetrics, Public Health, Pharmacy, Radiology, Administration of Community Health Centers, Hospitals, and Health Services, Health analyst. Journal of Biomedical Sciences and Health (JBSH) is published by Program Studi Ilmu Biomedis Fakultas Ilmu Keperawatan dan Kesehatan Universitas Karya Husada Semarang. JBSH is expected to increase its visibility through scientific studies and research findings accessible to academic circles and researchers.
Arjuna Subject : Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler - Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler (Lain-Lain)
Articles 32 Documents
 1   2   3   4 
CHARACTERIZATION OF LACTIC ACID BACTERIA FROM CHAO PANGKEP FOOD FERMENTATION PRODUCTS Ardeni, Iswan; Ade Irma; Juniati binti Lukman
Journal of Biomedical Sciences and Health Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Karya Husada Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.34310/jbsh.v2.i2.235

Abstract

Chao merupakan makanan fermentasi tradisional khas Kabupaten Pangkep, Sulawesi Selatan, yang dibuat dari campuran ikan, nasi, dan garam. Proses fermentasi pada Chao menghasilkan lingkungan yang mendukung pertumbuhan bakteri asam laktat (BAL), yaitu mikroorganisme yang berperan penting dalam pengawetan, pembentukan cita rasa, dan berpotensi sebagai probiotik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengisolasi dan mengkarakterisasi BAL dari Chao berdasarkan ciri morfologi, mikroskopis, serta sifat biokimia dan fisiologis. Isolasi dilakukan menggunakan media MRS agarengan ocal pengenceran bertingkat, sedangkan karakterisasi mencakup uji morfologi koloni, pewarnaan Gram, bentuk sel, uji katalase, TSIA, sitrat, indol, motilitas, dan ketahanan terhadap kondisi asam. Hasil menunjukkan terdapat 16 isolat dengan morfologi koloni seragam. Sebagian besar ocale menunjukkan karakteristik khas BAL, seperti Gram positif, berbentuk basil, dan katalase ocale. Beberapa ocale juga mampu beradaptasi pada lingkungan asam dan memfermentasi gula tertentu. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa Chao Pangkep merupakan sumber potensial ocale BAL ocal yang dapat dikembangkan lebih lanjut untuk aplikasi pangan fungsional maupun bioteknologi. Kata Kunci : Bakteri Asam laktat, Chao, Fermentasi Tradisional, Karakterisasi, Probiotik ABSTRACT Chao is a traditional fermented food from Pangkep Regency, South Sulawesi, made from a mixture of fish, rice and salt. The fermentation process in Chao produces a favorable environment for the growth of lactic acid bacteria (LAB), which are microorganisms that play an important role in preservation, flavor formation, and potentially as probiotics. This study aimed to isolate and characterize LAB from Chao based on morphological, microscopic, and biochemical and physiological characteristics. Isolation was done using MRS agar media with multistage dilution technique, while characterization included colony morphology test, Gram staining, cell shape, catalase test, TSIA, citrate, indole, motility, and resistance to acidic conditions. The results showed there were 16 isolates with uniform colony morphology. Most of the isolates showed typical LAB characteristics, such as Gram positive, bacillus-shaped, and catalase negative. Some isolates were also able to adapt to acidic environments and ferment certain sugars. These findings suggest that Chao Pangkep is a potential source of local LAB isolates that can be further developed for functional food and biotechnology applications Keywords: Lactic Acid Bacteria, Chao, Traditional Fermentation, Characterization, Probiotic
DETEKSI Gamma-Aminobutiryc Acid (GABA) PADA ISOLAT BAKTERI ASAM LAKTAT PRODUK FERMENTASI CHAO PANGKEP Zaenab, Ririn Irfayanti; Ade Irma; miladiarsi
Journal of Biomedical Sciences and Health Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Karya Husada Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.34310/jbsh.v2.i2.236

Abstract

Bakteri Asam Laktat (BAL) adalah kelompok mikroorganisme General Recognized as Safe (GRAS) yang berperan penting dalam menghasilkan senyawa fungsional, termasuk Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). GABA merupakan asam amino non-protein yang memiliki fungsi sebagai penghambat neurotransmitter utama dalam sistem saraf pusat juga berperan sebagai antioksidan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kemampuan BAL dari produk fermentasi Chao khas daerah Pangkep dalam menghasilkan senyawa GABA sebagai antioksidan menggunakan metode Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC). Berdasarkan penelitian yang dilakukan diperoleh nilai Retention factor (Rf) isolat BAL C2 tanpa MSG yaitu 0,82, C2 MSG 1% 0,84, C10 tanpa MSG 0,8 dan 0,64, C10 MSG 1% 0,86 dan 0,68. Dengan aktivitas antioksidan berdasarkan nilai IC50 C2 tanpa MSG 940,11 ppm, C2 MSG 1% 1124,97 ppm, C10 tanpa MSG 884,73 ppm, dan C10 MSG 1% 939,17 ppm. Nilai Rf isolat C2 dan C10 dengan penambahan MSG 1% lebih menghampiri nilai Rf larutan standar yaitu 0,88 dan aktivitas antioksidan isolat C2 dan C10 tergolong sangat lemah dikarenakan nilai IC50 nya >200 ppm. Ini dapat menjadi dasar optimalisasi produksi GABA oleh BAL dari produk fermentasi lokal seperti Chao untuk pengembangan probiotik atau suplemen fungsional yang bermanfaat untuk kesehatan. Kata kunci: Chao, Bakteri Asam Laktat, Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid, Antioksidan Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) are a group of microorganisms generally recognized as safe (GRAS) that play a vital role in producing functional compounds, including Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). GABA is a non-protein amino acid that functions as a major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system and also acts as an antioxidant. This study aimed to determine the ability of LAB from a local fermented product, Pangkep Chao, to produce GABA as an antioxidant using Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC). Based on the research, the retention factor (Rf) values for LAB isolates were as follows: C2 without MSG was 0.82, C2 with 1% MSG was 0.84, C10 without MSG was 0.8 and 0.64, and C10 with 1% MSG was 0.86 and 0.68. The antioxidant activity, based on the IC50 value, was 940.11 ppm for C2 without MSG, 1124.97 ppm for C2 with 1% MSG, 884.73 ppm for C10 without MSG, and 939.17 ppm for C10 with 1% MSG. The Rf values of the C2 and C10 isolates with 1% MSG were closer to the standard solution's Rf value of 0.88, but the antioxidant activity of the C2 and C10 isolates was considered very weak because their IC50 values >200 ppm. This research can serve as a basis for optimizing GABA production by LAB from local fermented products like Chao for the development of beneficial probiotics or functional supplements
UJI BIOAKTIVITAS EKSTRAK TULANG IKAN CAKALANG (KATSUWONUS PELAMIS) TERHADAP BAKTERI STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS PADA LUKA BAKAR TIKUS PUTIH (RATTUS NORVEGICUS) arista, arista; miladiarsi; Wahdaniar
Journal of Biomedical Sciences and Health Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Karya Husada Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.34310/jbsh.v2.i2.237

Abstract

Luka bakar adalah cedera yang rentan terhadap infeksi bakteri, terutama oleh Staphylococcus aureus, yang dapat memperparah kondisi dan memperlambat penyembuhan. Bakteri ini juga mampu membentuk biofilm, membuatnya lebih sulit diobati dengan antibiotik konvensional. Penelitian ini berfokus pada aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak tulang ikan cakalang terhadap Staphylococcus aureus pada luka bakar. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimental kuantitatif. Hasil pengukuran zona hambat diketahui bahwa ekstrak tulang ikan cakalang bersifat bakteriostatistik terhadap bakteri S. aureus menggunakan ekstrak tulang ikan cakalang konsentrasi 20%, 40%, 60%,80% dan kontrol positif ciprofloxacin serta kontrol negatif etanol dan aquades steril masing- masing sebanyak 3 kali replikasi yang menunjukkan kelompok perlakuan ektrak 20%, 40%, 60%, dan 80% tulang ikan cakalang berpengaruh dalam menghambat pertumbuhan Staphylococcus aureus berdasarkan zona hambat yang terbentuk sebesar 5,4 mm, pengukuran ditunjukkan bahwa ekstrak 80% menghasilakan nilai daya hambat yang kuat paling berpengaruh dalam pertumbuhan Staphylococcus aureus.Ekstrak tulang ikan cakalang (Katsuwonus pelamis) konsentrasi 20%, 40%,60%, dan 80% dapat menghambat bakteri Staphylococcus aureus. Ekstrak konsentrasi terbesar 80% di golongkan memiliki daya hambat kuat terhadap bakteri uji. Pada penelitian ini ekstrak tulang ikan cakalang efektif dalam menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri Staphylococcus aureus.
Enhanced Survival of Lactobacillus Lg71 from Mangrove Sediment Under Simulated Gastric and Intestinal Conditions Kusharyati, Dyah Fitri; Satwika, Taruna Dwi; Alfisah, Rizal Khoirun; Mariana, Afifah; Rovik, Anwar; Oedjijono, Oedjijono
Journal of Biomedical Sciences and Health Vol. 3 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Karya Husada Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.34310/jbsh.v3.i1.291

Abstract

Background: For a probiotic to offer health benefits, it must stay viable through the tough environment of the human gastrointestinal tract. This study assesses the effectiveness of sodium alginate encapsulation in improving the survival of Lactobacillus LG71, a new strain from mangrove sediment, under simulated gastric and intestinal conditions. Objective: This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of sodium alginate encapsulation in enhancing the viability and survival of Lactobacillus LG71, a probiotic strain isolated from mangrove sediment, during cold storage and under simulated gastric and intestinal conditions. Methods: Lactobacillus LG71 was encapsulated in sodium alginate beads. The viability of both encapsulated and free (non-encapsulated) cells was assessed over a 4-week storage period at 4 °C and during sequential exposure to simulated gastric and intestinal environments. Results: Encapsulation significantly improved survival rates compared to free cells (p < 0.05). Although both groups experienced a decline during the first week of storage, encapsulated cells maintained a high viability of approximately 107 CFU/mL, losing only 2.51 log CFU/g over four weeks. Most notably, encapsulated Lactobacillus LG71 demonstrated greater resilience during digestion, retaining populations of 2.21 log CFU/mL in gastric simulations and 1.00 log CFU/mL in intestinal simulations. In contrast, free cells were much more vulnerable to these acidic and enzymatic conditions. Conclusion: Sodium alginate encapsulation effectively protects Lactobacillus LG71 from environmental and biological stressors. These findings indicate that encapsulation is a crucial step for the commercial application of mangrove-derived probiotics, ensuring that a viable dose of living cells reaches the host's lower gastrointestinal tract to promote health benefits.
The Relationship Between Gender and Students' Knowledge and Attitudes Towards Healthy Snack Selection in Semarang City Public Elementary Schools Mulyawati, Isti; Zulfa, Nely; Sudrajat, Agus
Journal of Biomedical Sciences and Health Vol. 3 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Karya Husada Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.34310/jbsh.v3.i1.292

Abstract

Background: The habit of eating snacks at school is part of the diet of elementary school students who need attention related to their nutritional quality. Knowledge and attitude are often considered determining factors in  choosing  healthy  snacks.  Objective:  This  study aims  to  analyze the relationship  between gender  and  students'  knowledge  and  attitudes  towards  choosing  healthy snacks  at  Semarang  City  State  Elementary  School.  Methods:  Quantitative  study  with  cross- sectional design. The sample consisted of 74 students taken from 21 State Elementary Schools in Semarang  City  using  quota  sampling  techniques.  Data  was  collected  through  a structured questionnaire and  analyzed  using  Chi-Square statistical  tests.  Results:  The univariate  analysis showed that the majority of respondents were female (59.5%), had good knowledge (89.2%), and had good attitudes (41.9%). The results of the bivariate analysis showed no relationship between gender  and knowledge of  healthy snack  selection  (p  value=  1.00)  and  no  relationship between gender and attitudes towards healthy snack selection (p value = 0.196).  Conclusion: Gender is not  a  distinguishing  factor  in students'  knowledge and  attitudes  towards healthy snacks.  This suggests  that  school  health  interventions  should  focus  more  on  strengthening  the  physical environment and the availability of healthy snacks in schools, regardless of gender. 
The Bacteriocin Potential of Lactic Acid Bacteria from Cincalok as an Antibacterial Against Shigella and Salmonella Aprilia, Ineke; Pribadhi, Adhitya Naufal; Suwanto, Yustiana Arie; Widyaningrum, Ratna; Yana, Dian Rudy; Rofiah, Nurul Ummi
Journal of Biomedical Sciences and Health Vol. 3 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Karya Husada Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.34310/jbsh.v3.i1.304

Abstract

Background: Lactic Acid Bacteria are a group of bacteria that have the ability to produce antimicrobial compounds called bacteriocins. Antibacterial of lactic acid bacteria proved effective in inhibiting pathogenic bacteria that cause infection in humans such as Shigella sp and Salmonella sp. Lactic acid bacteria can be found in fermented foods, one of which is fermented food typical of West Kalimantan, namely cincalok Aim: This study was to determine the antibacterial potential of cincalok lactic acid bacteria against Shigella sp and Salmonella sp Methods: This study used a true experimental, with the research design using a post test only control group design with data analyzed using SPSS to evaluate inhibition zone differences among three treatment groups: bacteriocin from Weissella sp. at 24 hours, Weissella sp. at 48 hours, and antibiotics (positive control) Results: The results obtained in the bacteriocin test from Weissella showed that there were differences in the inhibition zones formed, in Shigella sp the average values of the inhibition zones formed were W24 (24.4 mm), W48 (13.2 mm) and Cotrimoxazole (42.2 mm). while in Salmonella sp the average value of the inhibition zone formed is W24 (24.2 mm), W48 (12.8 mm) and Chloramphenicol (45 mm). Conclusion: Bacteriocins from LAB cincalok have an antibacterial effect on the growth of Shigella sp and Salmonella sp bacteria.
Metagenomic Mining of Antimicrobial Compounds from Extreme Environments: A Systematic Review Prayogo, Fitra Adi
Journal of Biomedical Sciences and Health Vol. 3 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Karya Husada Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.34310/jbsh.v3.i1.293

Abstract

Background: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a major global health crisis, necessitating novel drug discovery approaches. Extreme environments harbor unique microbial communities that produce specialized metabolites, yet systematic assessment of their biosynthetic potential through metagenomics remains lacking. Objective: To systematically review evidence on metagenomic mining strategies for discovering biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) with antimicrobial potential from extreme environments. Methods: Following PRISMA 2020 guidelines, PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar were searched through December 2025. The primary reviewer screened all 487 records; a blinded second reviewer independently verified a random 20% subset at each stage (κ = 0.79–0.85). Quality assessment used an adapted Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Fifteen studies met all inclusion criteria. Results: The 15 included studies identified over 14,000 BGCs (excluding the Paoli et al. [2022] global ocean dataset reported separately) across Antarctic/psychrophilic (5 studies), marine/deep-sea (4 studies), halophilic/hypersaline (2 studies), arid/desert environments (2 studies), and extreme soil communities (2 studies). Dominant BGC classes included terpenes, NRPS, RiPPs, and PKS. Studies employing long-read sequencing (Oxford Nanopore/PacBio) recovered substantially more complete BGCs compared with short-read approaches. Between 60–99% of detected BGCs across most environments lacked characterized homologs in the MIBiG database. Experimental validation of predicted antimicrobial activity was limited: only 2 studies (13.3%) confirmed direct antimicrobial or cytotoxic bioactivity through bioassays or compound isolation; 1 additional study (6.7%) provided indirect evidence of active BGC expression via metatranscriptomics; and the remaining 12 studies (80%) relied solely on in silico prediction. Conclusion: Extreme-environment metagenomics reveals remarkable biosynthetic diversity with substantial novelty. Long-read sequencing and updated bioinformatic platforms have significantly enhanced BGC detection. The critical gap between computational prediction and experimental validation of antimicrobial bioactivity remains the primary barrier to therapeutic translation.
Analysis of the Implementation of the "Gass Track Chemotherapy Program" As an Alternative Solution to Improve Oncology Services Ekowati, Sri Indah; Purnaningsih, Enggar
Journal of Biomedical Sciences and Health Vol. 3 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Karya Husada Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.34310/jbsh.v3.i1.296

Abstract

Background: Timeliness in chemotherapy scheduling is essential in oncology practice. In Dr. Kariadi Hospital, increasing patient volume led to long waiting lists and treatment delays averaging 7 days. To address this issue, an innovation called "Gass Track," adapted from the fast-track system, was developed to accelerate chemotherapy services. Objective: This study aimed to analyze the implementation of the Gass Track chemotherapy program as an alternative solution to improve service efficiency and timeliness in oncology care at Dr. Kariadi Hospital, Semarang, Indonesia. Methods: This pre-post observational study used retrospective secondary data from January 2023 to June 2024, conducted at the Oncology Installation of Dr. Kariadi Hospital, Semarang. Individual patient-level chemotherapy delay data were extracted from medical records. Data were analyzed to compare chemotherapy delay distributions, patient flow, and service throughput between the pre-implementation (January May 2023) and post-implementation (June 2023 June 2024) periods. Results: A total of 8,479 programmed chemotherapy patients were recorded. Of 6,273 post-implementation patients, 509 (8.1%) received care via Gass Track. The median chemotherapy delay decreased from 7 days (IQR: 6 8) pre-implementation to 4 days (IQR: 3 5) post-implementation. A Mann-Whitney U test on individual patient-level data confirmed the reduction was statistically significant (U = 12,988,890; p < 0.001; rank-biserial r = 0.877, indicating a large effect). Monthly chemotherapy throughput increased by approximately 9.4% (from 441.2 to 482.5 patients/month). Conclusion: Gass Track improved patient flow, reduced delays, and supported timeliness in oncology chemotherapy services without requiring additional resources.
Cytotoxic Activity of Chromolaena odorata Leaf Extract on WiDr Colon Cancer Cells Anam, Hairul; Aswad, Hijral; Irma, Ade; Wahdaniar
Journal of Biomedical Sciences and Health Vol. 3 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Karya Husada Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.34310/jbsh.v3.i1.300

Abstract

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains the third most commonly diagnosed cancer and the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. In 2020, CRC accounted for approximately 1.9 million new cases and over 935,000 deaths globally. Conventional chemotherapy is frequently limited by systemic toxicity and drug resistance, necessitating the identification of novel plant-derived bioactive compounds. Chromolaena odorata (Asteraceae), a tropical medicinal plant, has demonstrated pharmacological properties including wound healing and anti-inflammatory activity; however, its antiproliferative potential against colorectal cancer cells remains insufficiently explored. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the cytotoxic and antiproliferative effects of C. odorata n-hexane leaf extract on WiDr human colorectal adenocarcinoma cells using an in vitro MTT assay. Methods: Dried leaves of C. odorata were extracted via n-hexane maceration. WiDr cells were cultured in DMEM supplemented with 10% FBS and antibiotics. Cells were treated with graded extract concentrations (62.5–1000 μg/mL) for 24 hours in triplicate. Cell viability was assessed by the MTT assay and the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) was determined via nonlinear regression analysis. Results: The extract exhibited concentration-dependent cytotoxicity against WiDr cells. The highest mean inhibition rate (94.3 ± 10.7%) was observed at 1000 μg/mL. The calculated IC₅₀ value was 149.09 ± 20.91 μg/mL, indicating moderate cytotoxic potency consistent with the National Cancer Institute (NCI) classification for biologically active crude extracts (IC₅₀ < 200 μg/mL). Conclusion: Chromolaena odorata n-hexane leaf extract demonstrates significant in vitro antiproliferative activity against WiDr colorectal cancer cells. The cytotoxic activity likely involves lipophilic bioactive compounds, including terpenoids. These findings support further bioassay-guided fractionation, mechanistic investigation, and in vivo validation as potential candidates for anticancer drug development.
Water Jasmine (Echinodorus palaefolius): A Phytoremediation Agent for Environmental Health Improvement and Landscape Enhancement Sari, Mellyaning Oktaviani Sonya Kirana
Journal of Biomedical Sciences and Health Vol. 3 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Karya Husada Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.34310/jbsh.v3.i1.301

Abstract

Background: Heavy metal and organic pollution in water bodies necessitate sustainable, cost-effective remediation. Echinodorus palaefolius is a potential aquatic macrophyte that offers a nature-based solution by combining pollutant removal with aesthetic value. Objective: This review evaluates the dual-purpose efficacy of E. palaefolius in removing contaminants through constructed wetlands (CWs) and its integration into sustainable urban landscapes. Methods: The study synthesizes data on E. palaefolius performance in subsurface flow (SSF-CW) and free water surface (FWS-CW) systems. It analyzes physiological mechanisms, including rhizofiltration and phytoextraction, as well as the influence of substrates such as zeolite and charcoal on removal rates. Results: Findings indicate that E. palaefolius achieves over 90% removal efficiency for heavy metals such as mercury (Hg), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), and lead (Pb). The plant's extensive root system facilitates high bioconcentration, particularly for iron in stems and roots, without compromising metabolic functions. Furthermore, its ornamental features, broad leaves, and white inflorescences enhance the visual and ecological integrity of urban water features. Conclusion: E. palaefolius is a highly effective, multifunctional agent for water quality management. Its implementation as a tertiary treatment in industrial and urban settings provides an eco-friendly strategy for environmental health and landscape beautification.

Page 3 of 4 | Total Record : 32

 1   2   3   4 

Filter by Year

2024 2026


Reset
Filter By Issues
All Issue Vol. 3 No. 1 (2026) Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025) Vol. 2 No. 1 (2025) Vol. 1 No. 2 (2024) Vol. 1 No. 1 (2024)