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SIMBIOSIS
Published by Universitas Udayana
ISSN : -     EISSN : 26567784     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science,
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology
Simbiosis (e ISSN: 2337-7224))is an electronic scientific journal published periodically by the Biology Under Graduade Program, Faculty of basic and Natural Sciences, Udayana University , containing scientific works biology that include botany, zoology, microbiology, and molecular genetics and the environment. The Journal is published twice a year, in March and September.
Arjuna Subject : Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler - Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler (Lain-Lain)
Articles 29 Documents
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IDENTIFIKASI JAMUR ENDOFIT YANG BERASOSIASI DENGAN DAUN JERUK LIMAU Citrus x amblycarpa (Hassk.) OCHSE DI KEBUN KALPATARU, DENPASAR, BALI Riswara Nurfitri; Junita Hardini; I Ketut Muksin
SIMBIOSIS Simbiosis Volume 12 No. 1 2024
Publisher : Program Studi Biologi Universitas Udayana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843/JSIMBIOSIS.2024.v12.i01.p11

Abstract

Endophytic fungi are fungi that live and associate in host plants and have the potential to produce secondary metabolites that are the same as their host. Utilization of endophytic fungi as a solution reduces the use of a lot of biomass to produce the desired secondary metabolites. This study aims to explore and identify endophytic fungi found on lime leaves obtained from Kalpataru plantation, Denpasar, Bali. Endophytic fungi were isolated from samples of young and mature leaves that were fresh, not wilted or yellow, and disease free. Fungal isolation was carried out by direct planting method on Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) media at room temperature (27oC), and the incubation time was 3-7 days. Re-isolation was carried out to obtain pure cultures, then the endophytic fungi were identified by observing the morphological characters macroscopically and microscopically, then compared with identification books. The results obtained were eight isolates, and six isolates were identified belonging to the genera Fusarium, Colletotrichum, Aspergillus, Penicillium, and 2 isolates were not identified (sterile mycelia). Endophytic fungi found on young leaves, namely Aspergillus and Colletotrichum, on mature leaves, namely Fusarium, Aspergillus, and Penicillium. Keywords: endophytic fungi, lime, sterile mycelia, PDA
KUALITAS DAN STATUS MUTU AIR IRIGASI UNTUK PADI SAWAH DI SUBAK YEHEMBANG, KABUPATEN JEMBRANA, BALI I Ketut Sundra
SIMBIOSIS Simbiosis Volume 12 No. 1 2024
Publisher : Program Studi Biologi Universitas Udayana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843/JSIMBIOSIS.2024.v12.i01.p12

Abstract

Research on the quality and status of irrigation water has been carried out for lowland rice in the Subak of Yehembang, Jembrana Regency, Bali. The sampling technique was carried out by Purposive Sampling. The analysis was carried out for physical, chemical and microbiological parameters. The level of feasibility of the results are matched with class 1 Water Quality Standards based on the Bali Governor Regulation No. 16 of 2016, while the status of water quality is determined by the Storet Method based on the Decree of the Minister of Environment No. 115 of 2003. The results showed that in the rainy and dry seasons there were 3 parameters namely DO, BOD5, and Coliform Bacteria pass grade 1 water quality standards. For the quality status of Subak yehembang irrigation water for 4 locations during the rainy and dry seasons all are classified as moderately polluted Keywords: subak, irrigation water, water quality, water quality statu.
KEANEKARAGAMAN KERANG (MOLLUSCA: BIVALVIA) DI KAWASAN SERANGAN, DENPASAR, BALI Suratul Wahyuda; Ni Made Suartini; Deny Suhernawan Yusup
SIMBIOSIS Simbiosis Volume 12 No. 2 2024
Publisher : Program Studi Biologi Universitas Udayana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843/JSIMBIOSIS.2024.v12.i02.p01

Abstract

Throughout the waters of the island of Bali, clam are a very valuable biological resource. The Serangan area in Denpasar, Bali, is one of the areas that has lots of clam which are widely used as food. The objective of this research is to identify clam species found in the Serangan Area, those that are collected for consumption by the community, and to determine the values of diversity index, evenness, and dominance of clams in the Serangan Area. The research stations are divided into three with a distance between stations of 250 m. At each station a transect is made perpendicular to the shoreline with a distance between transects of 10 m. Each transect at the station was made 10 sampling quadrants measuring 50x50 cm. The research results revealed that there were eight species of clams found. Four of these species were commonly collected for consumption by the community, namely Marcia hiantina, Anadara antiquata, Meretrix meretrix, and Pinna muricata. The Marcia hiantina species was the most frequently collected for consumption. The diversity index values fell within the moderate category, ranging from 1.10 to 1.39. The evenness index values were categorized as high, ranging from 0.92 to 1.00, and were supported by low dominance index values ranging from 0.25 to 0.33.
EVALUASI PENCEMARAN LOGAM BERAT Timbal (Pb) dan Cadmium (Cd) DI PERAIRAN TELUK BENOA, BALI Annisa Ayu Permana; Deny Suhernawan Yusup
SIMBIOSIS Simbiosis Volume 12 No. 2 2024
Publisher : Program Studi Biologi Universitas Udayana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843/JSIMBIOSIS.2024.v12.i02.p02

Abstract

The waters of Benoa Bay Bali are an area that has dense activity leading to generate pollution, particularly heavy metal pollutant. The objective of this research was to determine the heavy metal pollution, lead (Pb) and Cadmium (Cd) in sea water. The content of lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) in sea water was analysed by means of atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS). The results showed that the Pb content in seawater was not detected (ttd), while the Cadmium (Cd) content was detected from station II (0.5797 mg/L) and station III (0.3080 mg/L). The pollution index analysis show that the water quality status of Station I is classified as being in good condition, while stations II and III are classified as being in moderately polluted condition. Te STORET analysis shows that the waters of the Benoa Bay Bali area is classified as lightly polluted category (-8).
AKTIVITAS DAYA HAMBAT DAN ELUSIDASI GOLONGAN SENYAWA EKSTRAK DAUN KELOR (Moringa oleifera L.) TERHADAP BAKTERI Staphylococcus aureus ATCC Wahyuning Dwi Putri; Ida Bagus Gede Darmayasa; Ni Made Susun Parwanayoni
SIMBIOSIS Simbiosis Volume 12 No. 2 2024
Publisher : Program Studi Biologi Universitas Udayana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843/JSIMBIOSIS.2024.v12.i02.p03

Abstract

Inappropriate use of antibacterial drugs can cause resistant bacteria. One of the efforts made in reducing the occurrence of resistance is to utilize plants that contain antibacterial compounds, one of which is Moringa leaves (Moringa oleifera L.). This study aims to determine the ability of moringa leaf crude extract in inhibiting the growth of Staphylococcus aureus ATCC bacteria and the class of compounds contained in moringa leaf extract. Moringa leaf crude extract was macerated with 96% ethanol and tested using the well diffusion method. The concentrations of moringa leaf extract used were 25% (b/v), 15% (b/v), 10% (b/v), 5% (b/v), negative control (96% ethanol), and positive control (ciprofloxacin) and MIC (Minimum Inhibitor Concentration) test. Moringa leaf extract at a concentration of 25% (b/v) was able to form an inhibition zone against S. aureus ATCC bacteria with a diameter of 15.81mm and MIC concentration of 2% (b/v) formed an inhibition zone diameter of 6.17mm. The Lethal Concentration 50 (LC50) value of moringa leaf extract against S. aureus ATCC bacteria is 1.68%. Moringa leaf extract contains alkaloid, saponin, steroid, flavonoid, tannin and phenolic compounds.
KARAKTERISASI MORFOLOGI TANAMAN KAKAO (Theobroma cacao L.) DAN HAMA YANG DITEMUKAN DI PT. PERKEBUNAN NUSANTARA XII BANYUWANGI Alfin Fauziah Safitri; Ni Luh Watiniasih; Ni Made Suartini
SIMBIOSIS Simbiosis Volume 12 No. 2 2024
Publisher : Program Studi Biologi Universitas Udayana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843/JSIMBIOSIS.2024.v12.i02.p04

Abstract

Cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) is a commodity that has an important role in economic growth in Indonesia. Cacao cultivation business often experiences various obstacles, such as pest and disease attacks and the use of planting materials that have not been certified. The aims of this study were to determine the variations in the morphological characters of the cocoa plants and to identify the pests found and the kinship relationships among the cocoa plants. Research conducted at PT. Perkebunan Nusantara XII Kebun Kendenglembu Banyuwangi, East Java. Collecting data by conducting interviews, observation, document-tation, and literature study. Characterization was carried out on the leaves, flowers, fruits and stems of the cocoa plant, as well as observing the symptoms of damage caused by pests to the cocoa plant. The six cocoa clones had different morphological characteristics in fruit length, fruit circumference, thickness of the sclerotic layer, thickness of the inner groove of the fruit, thickness of the outer groove of the fruit, leaf length, leaf width, petiole length, and stem circumference. The six cocoa clones can be grouped into two groups where the clones in one group are thought to have a close kinship relationship because they are in the same lineage and based on the similarity of the morphological characters of the fruit. The pests found were fruit-sucking ladybugs, caterpillars, mealybugs, squirrels and slugs.
PERUBAHAN WARNA PADA BERCAK DARAH BERDASARKAN PERBEDAAN WAKTU SIMPAN DAN LUAS BERCAK DARAH YANG TERBENTUK PADA KAIN DENIM, KATUN, DAN POLYESTER Ni Kadek Aryani Sumbawati; I Ketut Junitha; Ni.G.A. Manik Ermayanti
SIMBIOSIS Simbiosis Volume 12 No. 2 2024
Publisher : Program Studi Biologi Universitas Udayana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843/JSIMBIOSIS.2024.v12.i02.p05

Abstract

Blood is a thick liquid that is in the blood vessels of the body, which is red because it contains hemoglobin to circulate oxygen and nutrients throughout the body. If blood comes out of the body due to sharp or blunt blows, either intentionally or unintentionally, it will end up on your clothes. Clothing is made from fabric composed of fibers, generally in the form of denim, cotton and polyester. This research was conducted to determine the color changes that occur in blood spots based on storage times of 0 days, 15 days and 30 days and to determine the area of ​​blood spots that form on denim, cotton and polyester fabrics. The method used in this research is measuring the diameter and observing the color changes that occur. The research design used in this research was (RAL) a completely randomized design with repetition 3 times. The results of the research showed that there were color changes that occurred from fresh red, dark brown, and light brown. Meanwhile, the area of ​​fabric obtained from denim fabric has the smallest area compared to cotton and polyester fabrics. However, the polyester fabric has black stains around it.
POTENSI FILTRAT JAMUR Trichoderma sp. DALAM MENGHAMBAT PERTUMBUHAN Aspergillus sp. PADA PAKAN JAGUNG (Zea mays L.) Ni Made Fiona Ranika; Ni Made Gari; Anak Agung Ketut Darmadi
SIMBIOSIS Simbiosis Volume 13 No. 1 2025
Publisher : Program Studi Biologi Universitas Udayana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843/JSIMBIOSIS.2025.v13.i01.

Abstract

Corn is a crop that is used as a strategic commodity for Indonesia as it can be used as animal feed. However, corn production is easily decreased due to the presence of Aspergillus sp. fungi which is able to produce aflatoxin that can affect the livestock health problems. Based on this issue, a method of controlling Aspergillus is needed by using Trichoderma sp. fungus filtrate which has antagonistic properties to pathogens. The purpose of this study was to determine the potential of Trichoderma sp. fungus in inhibiting the growth of Aspergillus sp. isolated from corn grain feed, to obtain the concentration of Trichoderma sp. filtrate that is optimal in suppressing the growth of Aspergillus sp. pathogens and to determine the comparison of positive control inhibitory power with Trichoderma sp. filtrate treatment on Aspergillus sp. pathogens. This study used a Complete Randomized Design (RAL) with dual culture methods and diffusion wells with different doses, namely 10% (v / v), 25% (v / v), 40% (v / v), 55% (v / v), and 70% (v / v). The results showed that the fungus and Trichoderma sp. filtrate had a significant effect in inhibiting the growth of Aspergillus sp. (P ≤ 0,05). The percentage of inhibition of Trichoderma sp. in inhibiting the growth of Aspergillus sp. with dual culture method was 68,61 ± 0,83%. Another study of Trichoderma sp. filtrate test on Aspergillus sp. produced the largest clear zone in the 70% treatment with a diameter of 14,81 ± 0,45 mm and the smallest was found in the 10% treatment with a diameter of 9,06 ± 0,55 mm, while in the positive control treatment a diameter of 19,53 ± 0,94 mm was obtained. The filtrate capability is expected to be a solution for related parties in improving the quality of corn grain feed.
EKSTRAKSI DNA DAUN KUMIS KUCING (Orthosiphon stamineus Benth.) KERING Gusti Ayu Putu Intan Pandini; Made Pharmawati; Made Ria Defiani
SIMBIOSIS Simbiosis Volume 13 No. 1 2025
Publisher : Program Studi Biologi Universitas Udayana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843/JSIMBIOSIS.2025.v13.i02.

Abstract

Orthosiphon stamineus Benth. is known as “kumis kucing” is one of the traditional medicinal plants widely used in Indonesia. Morphological identification of dried “kumis kucing” leaves as a herbal remedy is insufficient to prove the existence of counterfeiting practices, thus a more specific authentication method such as molecular genetic identification is required. However, before performing PCR, the selection of DNA extraction method with optimal quantity and quality is necessary. Therefore, this study aims to compare the effectiveness of the Doyle & Doyle method using CTAB, the Dellaporta method using SDS, and the Rogers & Bendich method in extracting DNA from dried “kumis kucing” leaves with the hope of providing information about the best DNA extraction method that can be used to identify the authenticity of “kumis kucing” leaves more accurately. The research method begins with sample preparation, DNA extraction, DNA quantity testing, electrophoresis, and visualization using a UV Transilluminator. Based on this research, the effective method for extracting DNA from dried “kumis kucing” leaves is the modified CTAB method (Doyle & Doyle, 1990), as it yields a high DNA concentration of 1508,33 ng/µL and has a faster processing time, taking 16 hours and 20 minutes. The visualization results show clear and thick DNA bands; however, the resulting DNA is not pure (A260/230: 1,01 and A260/280: 0,59).
PEMANFAATAN LIMBAH AIR CUCIAN BERAS SEBAGAI PUPUK ORGANIK CAIR UNTUK MENINGKATKAN PERTUMBUHAN TANAMAN TOMAT (Solanum lycopersicum L) Windi; Ni Made Susun Parwanayoni; Ida Ayu Astarini
SIMBIOSIS Simbiosis Volume 13 No. 1 2025
Publisher : Program Studi Biologi Universitas Udayana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843/JSIMBIOSIS.2025.v13.i03.

Abstract

Washing rice in the rice cooking process produces waste in the form of rice washing water. Rice washing water is kitchen waste which contains nutrients and growth hormones for plants. is an experimental study that aims to explore the content and administration of POC from rice washing wastewater with the addition of molasses and EM4 as organic fertilizer at different concentrations on the growth of tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum L). Completely Randomized Design (CRD) was used with 4 treatments (P0 = Control (Ordinary water), P1 = 1 liter of rice washing water waste + 100 mL molasses + 100 mL EM4, P2 = 3 liters of rice washing water waste + 100 mL molasses + 100 mL EM4, P3 = 5 liters of rice washing water waste + 100 mL molasses + 100 mL EM4) with 7 replications. The data obtained were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) with SPSS version 23. The results showed that the POC of rice washing water waste had a significant influence on the height of the tomato plant with 87.57 cm, the number of branches on the tomato plant with 16 branches, the number of fruit with 13 pieces, and the weight of the fruit with the tomato plant with 624.28 g, but had no significant effect on the wet weight and dry weight of the tomato plant. Giving POC concentration to treatment P1 gave the most optimal results compared to other treatments. Keywords: Tomato washing water waste, Liquid Organic Fertilizer

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